Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
M. van der Velde and H. van Houtum, Borders, Regions, and People
Tialda Haartsen, Peter Groote and Paulus P.P. Huigen, Claiming Rural Identities:
Matthew G. Hannah, Governmentality and the Mastery of Territory in Nineteenth Century America.     

Anthropology and women in development the Leiden experiment

The following publications of the Research Center Women and Development, Institute for Social and Cultural Studies, State University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands, are reviewed:

I De Beij, Ilsa. Van Noot Tot Noodzaak: het belong van karite voor vrouwen in een Gourounsi—dorp in Boven‐Volta. Leiden, 1982, 126 pp., n.p.¹

II Most van Spijk, Marileen van der. Eager to Learn: An Anthropological Study of the Needs of Egyptian Village Women; Report of an Experiment. Cairo‐Leiden, 1982, 84 pp. n.p.

III Most van Spijk, Marileen van der. Who Cares For Her Health? An Anthropological Study of Women's Health Care in a Vilage in Upper Egypt. Cairo‐Leiden, 1982. 99 pp., n.p.

IV Most van Spijk, Marileen van der, Hoda Youssef Fahmy, and Sonja Zimmermann, Remember to be Firm: Life Histories of Three Egyptian Women. Cairo‐Leiden, 1982. 79 pp., n.p.

V Postel, Els and Joke Schrijvers (eds.) A Woman s Mind is Longer than a Kitchen Spoon: Report on Women in Sri Lanka. Colombo‐Leiden, 1980.146 pp. + Appendices, n.p.

VI Risseeuw, Carla. The Wrong End of the Rope: Women Coir Workers in Sri Lanka. Colombo‐Leiden, 1980. 253 pp. + Appendices, n.p.

VII Samarasuriya, Shireen, Who Needs Tourism? Employment for Women in the Holiday‐Industry of Sudugama, Sri Lanka. Colombo‐Leiden, 1982. 85 pp. n.p.     

REVIEWS

Outline of Dani Morphology. By P. A. M. van der Stap. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Deel 48. 'S-Gravenhage, Martinus Nijhoff, 1966. Pp. 195. Price 25.00 Guilders.     

Dom Hans van der Laan’s Architectonic Space: A Peculiar Blend of Architectural Modernity and Religious Tradition

This article discusses the design methodology of the Benedictine monk-architect Dom Hans van der Laan (1904–91), famous for his manifesto De Architectonische Ruimte (Architectonic Space, 1977), in which he proposed his ideal elementary architecture. In the past, this ideal achitecture was linked to Van der Laan’s proportional system and to his general approach as an architect rather than to his Catholic background. Consequently, the changing conceptual landscape in which he developed his ideas on the relation between religion and design was neglected. Yet, as this article will argue, it is only by carefully exploring the relation between Van der Laan’s attempts to define a fundamental architecture and his ambition to understand the religious traditions they may have sprung from that one can understand how his religion and design methodology influenced each other. Based on unedited primary sources (letters, notes, design sketches, lectures), this article reveals forgotten interconnections between Van der Laan’s religious and architectural thinking. By analysing these motifs, it offers new insights on the interrelationships between religion and architecture that go beyond the traditionalist-modernist dichotomy.     

Botta Adorno,Empress Maria Theresa and Brussels Tapestry in the Mid-Eighteenth Century. Part I

Relying on newly excavated archival sources, this two-part study seeks to map the genesis and development of the plan conceived by Antoniotto di Botta Adorno (1688–1774), Minister Plenipotentiary of the Austrian Netherlands from 1749 to 1753, to support the Brussels tapestry industry by promoting Brussels tapestries as diplomatic gifts. The first part sheds fresh light on the lives and mutual relations between the tapestry producers (tapissiers) who populated the landscape in the 1750s — Peter van den Hecke (1680–1752), Daniel IV Leyniers (1705–1770) and the half-brothers Jan Frans (1697–1774) and Peter II van der Borcht (1712–1760) — and analyses the slow maturation of Adorno’s plan in the summer of 1749. The second article will describe the way in which Botta Adorno made the project a reality and will also examine the strategies devised by the Minister and the Brussels tapissiers and the context in which they sought to apply them.     

Botta Adorno,Empress Maria Theresa and Brussels Tapestry. Part II

Abstract

Relying on newly excavated archival sources, this two-part study seeks to map the genesis and development of the plan conceived by Antoniotto di Botta Adorno (1688–1774), Minister Plenipotentiary of the Austrian Netherlands from 1749 to 1753, to support the Brussels tapestry industry by promoting Brussels tapestries as diplomatic gifts. The first part sheds fresh light on the lives and mutual relations between the tapestry producers (tapissiers) who populated the landscape in the 1750s — Peter van den Hecke (1680–1752), Daniel IV Leyniers (1705–1770) and the half-brothers Jan Frans (1697–1774) and Peter II van der Borcht (1712–1760) — and analyses the slow maturation of Adorno’s plan in the summer of 1749. This second article describes the way in which Botta Adorno made the project a reality and examines the strategies devised by the Minister and the Brussels tapissiers and the context in which they sought to apply them.     

城邦：无国家的社会——关于希腊城邦国家资格的争论

贝兰特认为,古希腊城邦缺乏“传统”国家定义所说的对内强制力量、明确分化的阶级和政府机构,因而不具备国家资格,而是人类学所说的“无国家的社会”。汉森、格里宁以及范德弗利特等学者针锋相对,认为希腊的城邦机构复杂有序,司法机制和公民参与较为突出,是民主制的早期国家或公民国家。这场关于希腊城邦国家资格的争论,实际上折射了古典史学界以及人类学界在理论和方法上的某些分歧。     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Richard A Schroeder, Shady Practices: Agroforestry and Gender Politics in The Gambia.
K Sivaramakrishnan, Modern Forests: Statemaking and Environmental Change in Colonial Eastern India.
Klaus Dodds, Geopolitics in a Changing World.     

Conceptual Debts: Modern Architecture and Neo-Thomism in Postwar America

This article analyzes the formative role of medieval theology and aesthetics in the development of postwar American architecture by focusing on the architectural theory and practice of Mies van der Rohe and Jean Labatut, both of whom became actively interested in Neo-Thomism from the late 1940s. More specifically, a closer look at their reliance on the work of Jacques Maritain, the preeminent promotor of Neo-Thomism, sheds light on the transmission and circulation of old and new concepts within twentieth-century architectural theory. By revealing how Maritain’s ideas helped to codify the latter and thus exposed the premodern ideas at the heart of modern architecture, I argue that modernist aesthetics should be re-evaluated with regards to its definition of “the new” and its emphasis on the breakdown or mutation of premodern frames of reference.     

Books in Summary

Heresy in The University: The Black Athena Controversy and The Responsibilities of American Intellectuals , by Jacques Berlinerblau
The Houses of History: a Critical Reader in Twentieth-Century History and Theory , selected and introduced by Anna Green and Kathleen Troup
Writing West Indian Histories , by B. W. Higman
Marxism and History: A Critical Introduction , 2d edition, by S. H. Rigby
Wahrheit Und Geschichte: Zwei Chinesische Historiker Auf Der Suche Nach Einer Modernen Identität Für China [Truth and History: Two Chinese Historians in Search of a Modern Identity for China] , by Axel Schneider
Nation and Religion: Perspectives on Europe and Asia , edited by Peter van der Veer and Hartmut Lehmann     

Review Article: Napoleon Bonaparte

J. M. THOMPSON. Napoleon Bonaparte. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988. Pp. xiv, 418. £20.00. Reviewed by Paul W. Schroeder     

Package FLUIDS. Part 3: correlations between equations of state, thermodynamics and fluid inclusions

The computer package FLUIDS ( Bakker 2003 ) has been revised to calculate fluid properties in pores and inclusions. The programs are provided with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) and are adapted to new operating systems, including MacOS, Windows and Linux. The van der Waals equation of state has been added to the group Loners and is used to illustrate a large variety of calculation procedures for many thermodynamic parameters and properties. The mathematical transformations can be applied to any equation of state with the form p ( V , T , n ), i.e. the pressure of a multi-component fluid is expressed as a function of volume, temperature and amount of substance. The fluid properties that are usually observed in microthermometric analyses of fluid inclusions, such as phase separation, phase coexistence and stability, can be predicted with these equations of state by using its spinodal and critical point calculations, in addition to fugacity calculations of liquid and vapour phases. The computer program LonerW can be freely downloaded from the website: http://fluids.unileoben.ac.at/Computer.html .     

Book Reviews

Jonathan Crush (ed.), Power of Development John Rapley, Understanding Development. Theory and Practice in the Third World Ankie Hoogvelt, Globalisation and the Postcolonial World. The New Political Economy of Development Sing C. Chew and Robert A. Denemark (eds), The Underdevelopment of Development. Essays in Honor of Andre Gunder Frank Barbara Stallings (ed.), Global Change, Regional Response. The New International Context of Change National Research Council, Lost Crops of Africa. Vol. I: Grains Barbara Harriss-White and Sir Raymond Hoffenberg (eds), Food. Multidisciplinary Perspectives Robert Cassen and contributors, Population and Development: Old Debates, New Conclusions Kerstin Lindahl-Kiessling and Hans Landberg (eds), Population, Economic Development, and the Environment. The Making of Our Common Future Judith Richter, Vaccination Against Pregnancy. Miracle or Menace? Tim Allen (ed.), In Search of Cool Ground: War, Flight and Homecoming in Northeast Africa Ans Kolk, Forests in International Environmental Politics: International Organisations, NGOs and the Brazilian Amazon Judith Randel and Tony German (eds), The Reality of Aid 1997/98 Marie Söderberg (ed.), The Business of Japanese Foreign Aid: Five Case Studies from Asia. Douglas J. Tilton (edited by Jim Cason), USAID in South Africa: Learning Lessons, Continuing Debates Ricardo Ffrench-Davis and Stephany Griffith-Jones (eds), Coping with Capital Surges. The Return of Finance to Latin America Robert Z. Lawrence, Single World, Divided Nations? International Trade and OECD Labor Markets S. M. Wangwe (ed.), Exporting Africa. Technology, Trade and Industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa Amrita Chhachhi and Renée Pittin (eds), Confronting State, Capital and Patriarchy. Women Organizing in the Process of Industrialization Theo van der Loop, Industrial Dynamics and Fragmented Labour Markets: Construction Firms and Labourers in India     

Jean-Martin Charcot and the epilepsy/hysteria relationship

Research from many perspectives has been made on the work of the French neurologist, J.-M. Charcot (1825-1893) with particular reference to his fame for his studies and "construction" of hysteria. What has not been demonstrated so far is the extent to which Charcot's construction can be explained by the perceived relationship between hysteria and epilepsy and Charcot's access to epileptic patients at La Salpêtrière. From the confusion that reigned concerning hysteria and epilepsy, both separately and in relation to each other, Charcot claimed to have isolated hysteria as a distinctive and universal pathology. This claim was partly based on the "grande attaque", representing the most intense degree of hysteria. A comparison with Gowers, the contemporary English neurologist suggests that diagnosis was the function of the practitioners' preferences; and a linguistic analysis pinpoints Charcot's problems in describing an isolated pathology in terms of its relation to its neighbour, epilepsy.     

REVIEWS/COMPTES RENDUS

Law, Space, and the Geographies of Power by NICHOLAS K. BLOMLEY
Nature as Landscape: Dwelling and Understanding by kraft e. von maltzahn
Maps Are Territories: Science Is an Atlas by david turnbull
Rock Weathering and Landform Evolution edited by d.a. robinson and r.b.c. Williams, John Wiley & Sons
The New Political Geography of Eastern Europe edited by john o'louchlin and Herman van der wusten
Soil Geomorphology: An Integration of Pedology and Geomorphology par j. cerrard, Chapman and Hall
The Marshes of Southwestern Lake Erie by louis w. Campbell with claire gavin, with a foreword by Harold Mayfield
Sacred Worlds: An Introduction to Geography and Religion by chris c. park     

Neurology and Literature, 1860–1920 by Anne Stiles (ed.)

Abstract

Research from many perspectives has been made on the work of the French neurologist, J.‐M. Charcot (1825–1893) with particular reference to his fame for his studies and “construction”; of hysteria. What has not been demonstrated so far is the extent to which Charcot's construction can be explained by the perceived relationship between hysteria and epilepsy and Charcot's access to epileptic patients at La Salpêtrière. From the confusion that reigned concerning hysteria and epilepsy, both separately and in relation to each other, Charcot claimed to have isolated hysteria as a distinctive and universal pathology. This claim was partly based on the “grande attaque”;, representing the most intense degree of hysteria. A comparison with Gowers, the contemporary English neurologist suggests that diagnosis was the function of the practitioners’ preferences; and a linguistic analysis pinpoints Charcot's problems in describing an isolated pathology in terms of its relation to its neighbour, epilepsy.     

TRANSLATING MIERES

Unlike journalists, anthropologists will tend to mostly anonymize the places they visit. However, as van der Geest has pointed out in these pages before, anonymity is not always what the people we research want from us. In this narrative, A.F. Robertson and Laura Cardús i Font show how our writing can become an asset to the communities we study, who, like us, are seeking to confirm their identities and improve their reputation in the overall scheme of things. In this narrative, the authors dwell on the nature of writing for both academic and vernacular audiences.     

Treponemal Disease,Tuberculosis and Subsistence‐settlement Pattern in the Late Woodland Period West‐central Illinois

In later pre‐Columbian prehistory (post AD 1000), the adaptation and intensification of maize agriculture and its correlate of aggregate village settlement (i.e. Mississippianization) is temporally and geographically variable. In the Midwest, consequential to the florescence of the major ceremonial centre of Cahokia (AD 1050–1300), the Mississippi River Valley alluvial plain in Illinois, known as the American Bottom, became a core area of this subsistence‐settlement change. Much archaeological research has traced aspects of this transition in the Lower and Middle Illinois River Valley, but little is known outside of these areas. A skeletal sample from the remote hinterland area of the Upper Mississippi River in west‐central Illinois was examined for arguable paleopathological correlates of sedentism (treponemal disease) and Mississippianization (tuberculosis). The Schroeder Mounds (AD 900–1100) adult skeletal sample (N = 53) exhibited a high frequency of treponemal disease (13.2–15.1%). This result is consistent with paleopathological literature linking a 9+ % pre‐Columbian North American prevalence with sedentism, challenging archaeologically based inferences that the hinterland was occupied by mobile forager‐horticulturalists. A hallmark of Mississippianization is the presence of diagnostic cases of tuberculosis. No cases were observed in the Schroeder sample, suggesting a pre‐Mississippian subsistence‐settlement pattern. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.