美国对外事务与《联邦宪法》

178 7年美国《联邦宪法》是世界上第一部成文宪法。纵观整个宪法研究史 ,学者们大多从经济、阶级、国内政治等角度对其进行研究 ,重点阐述它与内政的关系 ,而极少论及它与对外事务的问题。 2 0世纪 70年代 ,以美国宪法学家路易斯·亨金为代表的部分学者才发现这一不正常的现象 ,呼吁建立一门外交法学对其加以修正 ,并出版了《对外事务与宪法》等著作。我国史学界长期沿用西方学界的研究模式 ,难以跳出经济、阶级分析的窠臼。近年来 ,受路易斯·亨金的影响 ,学者们也开始关注这一动向。本文试将美国外交事务作为切入点 ,探讨其与联邦宪法的关…     

The United States and Latin American Revolution in the 1960s

Book reviewed:
Michael D. Gambone. Capturing the Revolution: The United States, Central America, and Nicaragua.     

美国博物馆教育资源的利用

美国博物馆中拥有丰富的教育资源,任何年龄各种职业的观众都可以享用.按照教育资源使用群体的不同,分为中小学、大学和成人三大组别,每一组有各自特殊的项目或课程.博物馆作为非正规教育机构,充分利用自身的藏品、科研和人员优势,从基础设施、人员配置、陈列展览、项目开发等多方面为观众提供接受教育的机会和条件,超越了学校教育资源的局限,成为校园之外最重要的教育场所.博物馆的教育职能受到普通民众的认可和接纳,达到全民教育和终身教育的目的,扩大了博物馆在社会上影响力.     

鲁宾逊对美国历史教育的贡献

美国新史学家鲁宾逊提出了实用主义的历史教育论 ,设计了新的课程体系 ,编写了一系列历史教科书 ,对二十世纪美国的历史教育做出了重要贡献     

民国时期留美西洋史学者与美国的西洋史学术传统——以博士论文为中心的考察

民国时期留美西洋史学者是中国的留美生中一个非常特殊的群体,国内史学界对他们的留学生涯,特别是博士论文关注较少。这批学者在博士论文的选题上颇具特色,具有强烈的现实关怀、关注国内重大的史学争论、主要侧重欧洲国家的历史。几篇博士论文运用了大量的一手史料,在研究视角上也很有新意,所以得到了导师和美国史学界的认可。几位学者在回国后形成了自己独特的治学风格,并通过授课和学术组织工作,为中国的世界史学科奠定了坚实的基础。     

Refining the identification of native American pipestone quarries in the midcontinental United States

Midcontinental pipestone quarries in Missouri, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, and Kansas were utilized by a number of native cultures from 5000 YRBP through historic times. Except for Gunderson’s pioneering work on catlinite, the mineralogy of these sources was poorly understood until recently. For fifteen years, a University of Illinois team of archaeologists and geologists has used well-established mineralogical methods (X-ray diffraction [XRD] and reflectance near-infrared spectroscopy [NIS]) to identify and characterize nine pipestone quarries and match sources with archaeological artifacts from major Hopewell and Mississippian culture sites. NIS analyses of raw materials from nine major pipestone quarries show distinct mineralogical differences between sources but relatively uniform composition within each source. The major distinguishing minerals estimated from NIS spectra match very well with earlier results from XRD and inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) analyses. Results demonstrate that NIS is a reliable non-destructive technique for discriminating between midcontinental pipestones and for sourcing pipestone artifacts.     

美国口述历史教育的兴起与发展

口述历史作为一种教育手段,它在美国兴起于20世纪60年代,现在已经发展成为当代美国历史和相关学科教育的最为重要的教学方法之一。它不仅适用于中小学、大学与研究生教育,同时也广泛应用于社区和继续教育;同时,从应用专业来说,它已经超越历史而成为包括英文、新闻学、文学、社会学、民俗学、人类学和戏剧学等众多学科的重要教育手段。总之,它是一种值得尝试和努力探索的改革方向。     

People with history: An update on historical archaeology in the United States

Historical archaeology has expanded greatly in the past decade. This essay discusses some of the trends and themes that have become important in historical archaeology in the United States since 1982. The first section briefly assesses the field. The second discusses capitalism as one theme that may serve to unify research. Cross-cultural research, integrative analyses, and the concepts of power and ideology are central to this theme. The third section is a brief case study concerning the historic Cherokee. The conclusion comments on the institutional state of historical archaeology.     

留学欧美人士与中华民国的创建

留学人员是建立中华民国的中坚力量．他们的卓越贡献得到学术界的广泛关注。然而．讨论常常集中于留日人员．忽视了留学欧美人士．常常囿于整体考察，忽视了留学不同地区的人们之间的差异。本尝试以留日学生为参照系，展现留学欧美人士在民国建立过程中的独特风采，抛砖引玉引起人们对民国史更全面的讨论。     

Defiant Innovation: The Adoption of Medical Marijuana Laws in the American States

Diffusion research often characterizes the role of the federal government in innovation adoption as a supportive one, either increasing the likelihood of adoption or its speed. We examine the adoption of medical marijuana laws (MMLs) from 1996 to 2014 to shed light on what motivates states to adopt innovations that are in explicit defiance of federal law. Furthermore, we examine whether federal signals have any influence on the likelihood of adoption. In doing so, we utilize implementation theory to expand our understanding of how the federal government's position impacts state policy innovation adoption. We find mixed evidence for the influence of federal signals on the adoption of MMLs. The results suggest that medical marijuana policies are much more likely to be adopted in states when proponents have the political or institutional capital, rather than a medical or fiscal need. Moreover, this political capital is sufficient independent of the federal government's real or perceived position.     

略论20世纪40年代中国赴美学者对美国汉学的影响

目前学界对于美国汉学史的研究,多侧重于美国汉学概况、研究范式转变和著名中国学家及其著述的研究,而缺少从华裔汉学者对美国汉学之影响这一角度研究的论著。论文就赴美华裔汉学者对美国汉学的影响这一论题作了总体性探析。结果表明,20世纪40年代,一批从事中国文史研究的华裔学者赴美潜心于中国文史研究。他们在美所从事的文史研究是美国汉学发展的重要组成部分,对美国汉学产生了重要影响。他们对美国汉学的基础性贡献和推进作用具体表现在：协力培育美国汉学的基础、矫正美国汉学发展中的流弊、开拓美国汉学研究的新领域。     

Africa and the United States

Peter J. Schraeder. United States Foreign Policy toward Africa: Incrementalism, Crisis, and Change . New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.     

The Rise,Fall, and Transformation of Native American Cultures in the Southeastern United States

The culture area of Southeast United States saw the rise of the most complex societies in Native America north of Mexico before European contact. Many of these societies developed with matrilineal kinship systems. Some built impressive mounds. The “Southeast” volume of the Handbook of North American Indians presents numerous chapters that reconstruct the prehistory, history, and cultures found in this region and chronicle the European exploration and colonization that impacted the region's cultures. The differences between the prehistoric and postcolonial cultures are so great that they appear as different cultural traditions.