Sonic geography in a nature region

This paper considers the sonic geography of a region since the late nineteenth century, taking material from the Norfolk Broads, a wetland region in eastern England. This area has been defined through competing cultures of nature and leisure, with the presence, absence and nature of sound a key concern. The theme of sonic geography is set within debates concerning the nature of regional identity, moral geographies of conduct in landscape, and uses of the term ‘soundscape’. The paper draws on surveys of sound, travel guides, press reports, private journals and fictional accounts, showing how in the contested valuation of a regional landscape the aesthetic, ecological and social are enfolded through sonic geography.     

Instrumental routes to emotional geographies

Emotional experiences and relationships have traditionally been marginalized in human geography despite their impact on all aspects of social life. We argue, however, that understanding emotions is crucial for appreciating how the world of human (inter)actions works. To develop this argument we address two key questions. First, we ask how it is possible for social scientists to access the intimate emotional content of human affairs. One answer to this lies in settings where the emotional dimensions of social relations are deliberately and routinely enhanced. The example we take is that of musical performance. Second, we consider what might be done with these emotional ways of knowing once they have been acquired. What relevance does emotional knowing and being have? To address this, we turn to the relatively neglected concept of social well‐being, and we outline some ways in which ‘musicking’ might be used to promote it. These include music as therapy; music as a way of enhancing quality of life; and music as a medium of empowerment.     

Archaeological Evidence for the Emergence of Language,Symbolism, and Music–An Alternative Multidisciplinary Perspective

In recent years, there has been a tendency to correlate the origin of modern culture and language with that of anatomically modern humans. Here we discuss this correlation in the light of results provided by our first hand analysis of ancient and recently discovered relevant archaeological and paleontological material from Africa and Europe. We focus in particular on the evolutionary significance of lithic and bone technology, the emergence of symbolism, Neandertal behavioral patterns, the identification of early mortuary practices, the anatomical evidence for the acquisition of language, the development of conscious symbolic storage, the emergence of musical traditions, and the archaeological evidence for the diversification of languages during the Upper Paleolithic. This critical reappraisal contradicts the hypothesis of a symbolic revolution coinciding with the arrival of anatomically modern humans in Europe some 40,000 years ago, but also highlights inconsistencies in the anatomically–culturally modern equation and the potential contribution of anatomically pre-modern human populations to the emergence of these abilities. No firm evidence of conscious symbolic storage and musical traditions are found before the Upper Paleolithic. However, the oldest known European objects that testify to these practices already show a high degree of complexity and geographic variability suggestive of possible earlier, and still unrecorded, phases of development.     

Emotions and affect in recent human geography

This paper seeks to examine both how emotions have been explored in emotional geography and also how affect has been understood in affectual geography. By tracing out the conceptual influences underlying emotional and affectual geography, I seek to understand both the similarities and differences between their approaches. I identify three key areas of agreement: a relational ontology that privileges fluidity; a privileging of proximity and intimacy in their accounts; and a favouring of ethnographic methods. Even so, there is a fundamental disagreement, concerning the relationship – or non-relationship – between emotions and affect. Yet, this split raises awkward questions for both approaches, about how emotions and affect are to be understood and also about their geographies. As importantly, mapping the agreements and disagreements within emotional and affectual geography helps with an exploration of the political implications of this work. I draw upon psychoanalytic geography to suggest ways of addressing certain snags in both emotional and affectual geography.     

浅论孔子的人性观

历年来,对孔子人性思想的研究,往往从善恶的角度去立论。其实,统观《论语》全书,孔子并未言明人性是善还是恶,而是从人本质属性的角度去理解的,即人的自然欲求性。同时,在自然欲求性的基础上,孔子的人性还兼有引人向善的意义。孔子提倡在自然欲求性的基础上,通过学习和良好习俗的熏染,达到引人向善的目的,从而实现自然之性向道德之性的升华。     

Reflections on Recent Cognitive Behavioural Research with an Emphasis on Research in the United States of America

In this paper, I reflect on some of the more recent trends in cognitive behavioural research that includes work by geographers. In particular, I examine recent work on spatial decision‐making in the context of Intelligent Transportation Systems and Smart Environments, spatial cognition and human wayfinding behaviour, contributions to Geographic Information Science, and embellishing activity approaches that focus on episodic human behaviours. The paper emphasises that much of this research is multidisciplinary and that much of it is published in non‐geography journals. The paper concludes with some thoughts about future research directions, together with comments on how this research may influence the teaching and use of geographic concepts. ACRONYMS ATISAdvanced Traveller Information Systems CPMComputational Process Models CRTCathode Ray Tube DLDigital Library GISGeographic Information System GIScGeographic Information Science GPSGlobal Positioning Systems ITSIntelligent Transportation Systems UCSBUniversity of California Santa Barbara VEVirtual Environments     

人-人感知系统:旅游地形象设计新领域

本文认为旅游者对旅游地形象的感知,除了包括对旅游地所在地理环境实体,例如,风景实体的感知以外,还包括对旅游地中人文社会的抽象感知,它们共同构成旅游地形象感知内容的两大系统:人-地感知系统和人-人感知系统,本文主要分析和建立了人-人感知系统的内涵及其结构,初步探讨了对旅游地进行人-人感知形象设计的目标、方法和过程。     

The role of music in the development of children with Down syndrome: a systematic review

ABSTRACT

Music is commonly used in special education to achieve developmental and therapeutic aims, often in people with special needs. The present article conducts a systematic review of results from previous studies that explore the role of music in the development of children with Down syndrome (DS). It analyses a sample of 19 articles, in English and Spanish, from several databases (ERIC, Scopus, SciELO, Dialnet, Web of Science, CSIC and Pubmed). The results show that music has positive effects in the treatment and progress of the four main areas of development (social-emotional, motor, cognitive and communication) in children with DS. Nevertheless, the review reveals a lack of detail in the methodologies used and in the specific development areas, which call for further clarification in future research. These aspects are discussed in order to gain more conclusive results from future studies.     

人与自然和谐视野中的满族生活形态及其影响

由于环境因素的影响,满族在面对自然与利用自然上形成了具有自身特点的方式和观念,呈现出人与自然和谐相处的生活形态,并对清王朝前期的某些统治政策也产生了不同程度的影响。     

Good sitting,looking and listening: the regulation of young children's emotions in the classroom

Increasing attention has been given in schools in recent years to emotions as part of children's development and as core to their learning. Yet limited attention has been paid to emotions in childhood research. Based on findings from an ethnographic study within a Scottish school with children aged 6–7 years, this article explores the construction and negotiation of emotions as a part of children's classroom experience. Children's bodies and emotions are highly controlled in the classroom but despite this control, children actively construct emotions in their everyday lives.     

中国书画艺术的乐舞精神

通过综合各家学说、考据典、辨析要义,在深入剖析中国“书画”所寓含的深刻人内涵基础上,提出了“乐舞精神”作为其主脉这一独具特色的看法,在一定意义上解决了学术界在此问题上的困惑与长期徘徊的局面。     

Italians and music. Financescape,ideoscape and mediascape

Abstract

This article explores the reasons why Italian contemporary musical life is generally considered to be below the standards set by other European and overseas countries, a situation that is all the more striking when the contrast with Italy's glorious musical tradition in past centuries is born in mind. The failings of public institutions and the inadequacies of policies have often been blamed for this, but in fact the causes are more complex. Arjun Appadurai's terminology that is cited in the title and the subsections of the article that are organized around the themes of ‘financescape’, ‘ideoscape’ and ‘mediascape’ provide the opportunity to develop a better understanding of the complex factors playing a role in the Italian music scene. In terms of structure and organization that greatest problems lay in the production system of the Opera theatres, in the progressive fall in public funds for the performing arts and in a visibly shrinking music market. These factors have created a crisis, but they have deep roots in Italian culture, one symptom being the relatively small demand for music in Italy. These different factors have combined to create a situation of immobility and conservatism that in turn weighs heavily on both serious and pop music.     

论科学发展观的时代性与前瞻性

科学发展观具有正确的哲学前提、科学的理论渊源、坚实的实践基础和广阔的应用前景,完全符合人类发展的共同意愿,是指引中国未来发展的重要指导思想。     

Beware of false prophets: biology, human nature and the future of International Relations theory

The disciplinary history of International Relations (IR) has been marked by confrontation between those who believe that the study of politics can and should be modelled on the natural sciences, a position defended most forcibly in the United States, and those who have dissented, viewing this ambition as methodologically unjustified and ethically undesirable. But the scientific template against which to judge such claims is constantly shifting. In this article it is suggested that mainstream IR theorists are likely to turn increasingly to the biological sciences for inspiration and intellectual legitimacy. Some of the possibilities and problems involved in this move are explored, focusing in particular on the prominent role played by evolutionary psychology in the social sciences. A variety of reasons are offered, political and theoretical, as to why IR scholars should be extremely wary of looking to the biological sciences to provide universalistic accounts of human behavioural patterns.     

文中子的《乐论》与《乐记》

《续六经》之一的《乐论》,表述了文中子的音乐理论,《乐论》虽已失传,但从其他典籍可以考知其梗概。文中子看到了音乐在整个社会进程中的作用,它不仅能体现王道,而且是时代的体温计,他的乐理理论其实是秉承了孔子的乐理思想。在经过从汉到隋之前儒学的衰落之后,文中子的乐理思想也是他重振儒学的有机组成部分。     

解读《边城》和《苔丝》中的画面与音乐

《边城》和《德伯家的苔丝》(简称《苔丝》)分别是中英两国“乡土文学”的典型代表沈从文和哈代的主要代表作。两位作家将画面与音乐视为文字之外的语义载体,填补了文字所不能表达的空白,丰富了作品的主题意境。