Final Paleolithic and Mesolithic Research in Reunified Germany

During the past decade research into the German Final Paleolithic and Mesolithic has experienced an important revival. One clear sign of this renewed interest in the periods are the annual meetings of the Arbeitsgruppe Mesolithikum (Mesolithic Working Group) which have taken place every spring since 1992. At these meetings, which take place at changing venues, topical themes of Final Paleolithic and Mesolithic interest are presented by informal lectures and it is also possible to study regional collections (artifacts, raw materials) at first hand. Numerous contributions were subsequently published together in one volume (Conard and Kind (1998) Aktuelle Forschungen zum Mesolithikum/Current Mesolithic Research, Mo Vince, Tübingen). The present paper intends to complement that collection of papers with a synthesis of developments and perspectives and to present recent research highlights in the German Final Paleolithic and Mesolithic, together with a comprehensive bibliography, to a wider international audience.     

德国与南京政府时期之军事变革研究

南京政府建立之际,日患渐重。对此,从1928年到1938年,在德国军事顾问的协助下,紧跟世界潮流,在武器装备更新、军队编制调整、军事教育等领域进行了大幅度的军事变革,使中国的军事发展适应了机械化战争的需要,也为即将到来的抗日战争奠定了坚实的物质基础。     

Cultivating Student Research and Study Skills in Web-based Learning Environments

The use of Web-based learning environments involves cultivating new types of study and research skills among students. Students must be able to find authoritative sources efficiently, evaluate the quality of documents thoroughly, and use and cite materials properly. Students may also need guidance in what constitutes appropriate conduct in respect of the Internet and Web. They need to understand the difference between citing a source and plagiarizing it, how to communicate effectively and courteously by email, and how copyright law applies to resources they wish to use. These issues can be addressed in classroom discussion or in exercises woven into online learning materials and assignments.     

Measuring Learning Outcomes in Museums,Archives and Libraries: The Learning Impact Research Project (LIRP)

There has been legislation in place since the 1970s in Canada's largest province, Ontario, that encourages the identification of significant heritage buildings and is supposed to provide them with at least a degree of protection. Both heritage recognition and most other land use decisions, however, are exercised at the local government level. W'hile conservation of heritage structures has been successful in some places, an alarming number of significant historic buildings in the province continue to be lost. Relying on dozens of volunteers, this study examined thousands of buildings in over twenty Ontario communities and sought to establish how many heritage buildings had been demolished and to determine why these losses were occurring. It was discovered that in the municipalities surveyed over 400 historically recognised buildings had been lost in the last sixteen years. Recommendations for how to deal with this problem are included in the study.     

Using Focus Group Research to Support Teaching and Learning

Using qualitative research methodologies for pedagogic research can provide informative insights into student experiences of the teaching and learning environment in Higher Education. This paper considers the practicalities of undertaking a pedagogic study using focus groups by outlining strategies for effective focus group organization, highlighting good practice from the social sciences and pedagogic literature and providing a critique of a recent geographical study, in which focus groups were used as the sole research method. Furthermore, the paper illustrates how a pedagogic research study can be used to enhance teaching and learning and to inform curriculum planning and course management.     

Application of Problem Based Learning through Research Investigation

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a teaching technique that uses problem-solving as the basis for student learning. The technique is student-centred with teachers taking the role of a facilitator. Its general aims are to construct a knowledge base, develop problem-solving skills, teach effective collaboration and provide the skills necessary to be a successful lifelong learner. This study evaluates the application of PBL in an undergraduate Earth Systems Interactions unit and an exercise based around the Urban Heat Island. The initial execution of PBL was mixed with many students fully engaged in the material, but others found the approach insufficiently structured. Some students were not able to adapt to the unusual challenges of PBL, partly because it was their first exposure. When asked about what they had learnt from their PBL experience, the students emphasized the technical rather than the problem-solving skills. In subsequent years, a more directed project-based learning approach was introduced, which improved students' overall satisfaction and performances.     

The Naturalists' Directory and the evolution of communication among American naturalists

From the colonial period through the civil war period, naturalists in America were scattered over an extensive area, much of which was still sparsely settled, and all of which was very distant from the intellectual centers of Europe. Developing a network of contacts with like-minded naturalists took many years of correspondence. To facilitate communication among these naturalists, the Naturalists' Directory was compiled and first published in 1865. It has gone through more than 46 editions and is still being published. The role of the directory in the ever-changing communication process that has occurred in America from 1865 to the present is reviewed, as are the directories themselves: the early Frederic W. Putnam editions (which were published in association with the Proceedings of the Essex Institute, 1865-1866, the Samuel E. Cassino editions (editions 1-30, 1877-1936), and the post-Cassino editions (with various publishers, editions 31-46, 1938-1993).     

德国罗腾堡 浪漫的欧洲千年古城

正罗腾堡是陶伯河上的一颗明珠,这里也是德国"浪漫之路"和"古堡之路"的交汇点。罗腾堡深居山林、躲避了绵延的战火,至今还保留着一千年前建城时的古朴风貌,拥有整个欧洲最特别的风情。世界罕见的"廊桥城墙"从古老的文化城市维尔茨堡开始,经过中世纪古城丁克尔斯北尔,内德林根,延伸至路德维希二世的新天鹅堡所往地非森,一路看过无数古镇。听说下一站罗腾堡(Rothenburg)又是古镇,神色便有些不屑,然而眼前蓦然出现一座城池!称它做城池,因为你绝对无法用古镇、城堡这样的字眼来形容第一