战后欧洲联合中“联邦主义”思潮的初步考察

在战后欧洲联合进程中,一直存在“欧洲联邦主义”(Eurofederalism,以下简称“联邦主义”)和“政府间主义”(intergovernmentalism)两种主张。20世纪80年代,一位曾在欧共体委员会任职的英国人写道：“联邦主义和政府间主义,超国家主义和不同民族国家间的合作：关于欧洲的两种概念……从共同体建立的初期起就在彼此竞争。”它们涉及到欧洲联合要达到什么     

The imperial governors of Dyrrakhion in the reign of Alexios I Komnenos

Abstract

This article considers the conclusions that we can draw about the imperial governors of Dyrrakhion in the reign of the Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. It looks at why Dyrrakhion became increasingly important in the course of the 11th Century and, above all, after Alexios' usurpation of the throne in 1081. Careful attention is paid to establishing the identity of the various individuals whom we know to have held the position of doux of the town in the period between 1081–1118, and the chronology of and context for the appointments looked at in detail. The significance of Dyrrakhion is further highlighted by drawing attention to the fact that only the very closest intimates of the Emperor – and indeed only senior members of the imperial family itself – were made governors of the town in this period. This study represents a fresh examination of Dyrrakhioii, and establishes several new conclusions about the identities and careers of the imperial governors of the town in the reign of the Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.     

Some Preliminary Observations on Subsurface Damage on Experimental and Archaeological Quartz Tools using CLSM and Dye

Lithic use-wear analysis mainly deals with use-wear features which can be observed on the surface of stone tools but a major part of the wear of brittle material is found under the surface. This wear might also be a clue to the interpretation of archaeological stone tools. In this paper we try to examine subsurface damage on experimental and archaeological quartz tools by dying them with fluorescent colour and scanning them with a CLSM. This method shows that various worked materials cause different subsurface damage, which is related to the hardness of the worked material.     

Getting a Visa vs. Using a Visa: Some Observations and Complaining

An Argentinian living in the USA, this author argues that nothing can provide insight into the world opinion of one’s country like the process of applying for a visa. She describes her experiences going through immigration, and outlines her concerns about observing the appropriate protocols. She concludes that it is no easy matter fitting the profile of all those dangerous 5′1″, 26 year-old female students that are plotting the end of society as we speak.     

Observations on the China-Nepal Border

BACKGROUND:The China-Nepal border extends for 1400 kilometers with a total of 79 general markers and 98 border wood markers that are stretched over seven counties as well as the Ngari     

Observations on the China-Nepal Border

BACKGROUND:The China-Nepal border extends for 1400 kilometers with a total of 79 general markers and 98 border wood markers that are stretched over seven counties as well as the Ngari     

Observations on Soviet Imperial Disintegration

A prominent American specialist and observer of post-Soviet affairs examines the shifting balance between forces of disintegration and reintegration in the successor states of the former Soviet Union from the early 1990s to the present, with particular emphasis on actions taken by Russia. A concluding section focuses on observations relevant to an assessment of the extent to which recent trends toward reintegration may persist in the future. 8 references.