一段华美的乐章——记山西的传统戏剧舞台

此番赴山西调研,深深体味到三晋大地历史气息之厚重,积淀之深厚。山西地处黄河中游,黄河文明源远流长,古迹遍布全省,不愧为“中国古代建筑博物馆”之美誉。此次重点考察晋中、晋南地区的民     

毫不动摇地坚持社会主义初级阶段理论——为纪念改革开放三十周年而作

社会主义初级阶段理论的确立,是开启我国改革开放历史新时期、开辟中国特色社会主义道路、开创中国特色社会主义理论体系的首要理论前提。它是中国特色社会主义事业的立论基础,是党的基本路线的科学依据,是实现十七大提出的新任务的理论武器。只有毫不动摇地坚持社会主义初级阶段理论,才能深入贯彻落实科学发展观,正确对待改革、发展中的新矛盾新问题,排除“左”和右的错误倾向的干扰。     

Darwin to Einstein: Primary sources on science and belief

R.G. Collingwood defined historical knowledge as essentially ‘scientific’, and saw the historian's task as the ‘re-enactment of past thoughts’. The author argues the need to go beyond Collingwood, first by demonstrating the authenticity of available evidence, and secondly, using Namier as an example, by considering methodology as well as epistemology, and the need to relate past thoughts to their present context. The ‘law of the consumption of time’ encourages historians to focus on landmark events, theories and generalisations, thus breaking from Collingwood's emphasis on fidelity to past ideas and interpreting the past from the concepts of the present. This conflict can only be reconciled by the study of historiography.     

The origin of the four stages theory: A contribution to the history of social evolutionary thought

Ronald L. Meek. Social Science and the Ignoble Savage. New York and London: Cambridge University Press, 1976. v + 249 pp. Index. $17.50.     

Socialism with Chinese characteristics: China and the theory of the initial stage of socialism

The development of Chinese thinking on social ism is traced through from the recognition in the 1950s that it was at an early stage, transi tional to a higher, developed form. The theory of the initial stage in recent years is seen as giving some theoretical content to the concept often employed by Deng Xiaoping of ‘socialism with Chinese characteristics’, although Deng has avoided its use. It is argued that the theory of the initial stage does provide some doctrinal underpinning for a range of practical and pragmatic policies not otherwise seen as particularly socialist in their nature. At the same time the theory seeks to assure domestic and foreign groups involved in current economic reform measures that these policies have a solid grounding in theory and will not be reversed on a whim by either this or some subsequent leadership group.     

Erasmus Darwin: Master of Interdisciplinary Science

Abstract

Dr Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) was by profession a physician, at Lichfield and later Derby, and was widely regarded as the leading doctor in Britain, author of the massive treatise Zoonomia (1794–6). His many original contributions to science cover a wide range of disciplines, including physics, chemistry, geology, meteorology, plant growth and nutrition and evolutionary biology. He was a prolific inventor, a close friend of Boulton and Watt, and a leading spirit in the ‘Lunar Society’ of Birmingham. In the 1790s he became the most famous poet of the day with his Botanic Garden, which greatly influenced Coleridge, Wordsworth and others.     

Justice,aggression, and theatre: Contradictions and conflict in the modern world

Cohen, Ronald L. ed. Justice: Views from the Social Sciences. New York and London: Plenum Press, 1986. xii + 283 pp. including chapter references and subject and author indices. $32.50 cloth.

Gilmore, David D. Aggression and Community: Paradoxes of Andalusian Culture. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1987. xvi + 218 pp. including map, notes, glossary, bibliography, and index. $24.50 cloth.

Wagner‐Pacifici, Robin Erica. The Moro Morality Play: Terrorism as Social Drama. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1986. xi + 360 pp. including appendix, notes, bibliography, and index. $45.00 cloth, $14.95 paper.

Gorecki, Jan. Capital Punishment: Criminal Law and Social Evolution. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983. x + 165 pp. including notes, bibliography, and index. $12.50 paper.     

Applied theatre and political change in Bhutan

This essay reflects on an applied theatre project which took place in the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan in 2010. It investigates how far this project enabled Bhutanese young people to both critique their experiences of Bhutan's integration into the global market economy and experiment with their own alternatives to ‘modernisation’ as it is currently conceived. The essay has two intertwined aims: to investigate the utility of applied theatre for young people in Bhutan to help determine their future; and to assess how the Bhutanese case stories can reflect back on applied theatre as a means of furthering political change. The field of applied theatre is in need of such a provocation, as presently its radical edge has been dulled by its cooption into, and advocacy of, Western development discourse. During the performance process the young participants demonstrated a postcolonial subjectivity which could provide methods for challenging this state of affairs.     

Sunshine and the Open Shop: Ford and Darwin in 1920s Los Angeles

By 1910, Los Angeles was already notorious as national capital of the open shop. During World War I, the Chamber of Commerce launched an ambitious campaign to attract eastern investment to new manufacturing districts southeast of downtown. With the arrival of hundreds of branch plants in the 1920s, Los Angeles' business leaders—quoting Ford and vulgarizing Darwin—embraced a sweeping vision of Urban Eugenics based on scientific factory planning, proprietary industrial suburbs, mass-produced bungalows, and a racially selected workforce. Even Mother Nature was a scab.     

Experimental and Conceptual Innovators in the Sciences: The Cases of Darwin and Einstein

Abstract

During the past decade, analyses of artistic creativity have demonstrated the contrast in creative life cycles between experimental old masters and conceptual young geniuses. This article extends the analysis to scientists. Charles Darwin was a great experimental innovator, who spent decades accumulating evidence on evolution and its mechanisms, and made his greatest contributions late in his career. In contrast, Albert Einstein was a great conceptual innovator, who made discoveries through highly abstract reasoning, and made his greatest contributions early in his career. The careers of these two great scientists are thus consistent with the thesis that, as in the arts, conceptual creativity is associated with youth, but experimental creativity increases with age.