The Usefulness of Applied Social Science: Three Views

Books reviewed in this article:
Peter W. House, The Art of Public Policy Analysis .
Robert F. Rich, Social Science Information and Public Policy Making .
Robert A. Scott and Arnold R. Shore, Why Sociology Does Not Apply; A Study of the Use of Sociology in Public Policy .     

从地方志的考察中看明清人的奢靡观

本文以地方志为基本资料进行考察,认为传统意义上广义的奢靡观念可以从以下几个方面界定:1.某事项的花费超过该事项的基本需要;2.某些不正当不应有的消费项目与活动;3.某消费与个人(或部分人)的收入不相称;4.消费者攀比浮夸。奢靡观念的新旧激荡反映出明清社会的变迁及其局限性。     

Theoretical Discussions and Some Research Tasks and Applied Problems in Economic Geography

Two economic geographers, commenting on Anuchin's latest book on the theory of geography, urge a halt to the fruitless debate over a “unified geography” and call for a more practical orientation of geographic research. Dwelling on a wide range of issues, from geography education to the content of geography journals, the authors hold that the man-nature relationship is no longer adequate as a conceptual framework for geography and that economic geography, in particular, must take into account political and social processes that fall within the province of political science and economics. A gap is found to have developed between political science, on the one hand, and economic geography, on the other, and the authors hold that such a gap might be filled by a discipline concerned with the spatial organization of economic processes. A legitimate role is seen here for a regional economics, or choreconomics. In the authors' view, geography would gain not only from a more pronounced economics-oriented economic geography, but also from a more practically oriented physical geography.     

西方社会科学研究范式与中国旅游本土化研究

研究方法是旅游研究者顺利开展旅游研究的必备工具,具体的研究方法又受到特定的研究范式的制约,中国的旅游研究者在努力掌握各种研究方法时,往往对其背后的方法论和研究范式缺乏了解,从而限制了研究水平的提高。本文认为,中国旅游研究者要想提高研究水平,必须首先系统理解西方的科学哲学思潮和研究范式,在此基础上,再采用本土化和跨文化的研究策略。     

On the Method of Applied Landscape Research

Landscape science, as a discipline concerned with the integrated investigation of natural areal complexes of different ranks, has been gaining an increasing range of practical applications in connection with optimal design of cultural landscapes. The paper focuses on the use of applied landscape maps in investigations designed to make optimal use of the ecological potential of natural landscapes and their morphological subdivisions. Five types of maps are distinguished, corresponding to successive stages in the investigation. An inventory map presents a picture of the present state of the natural complexes, with emphasis on those features that are most relevant to the stated applied purpose (recreational use, agricultural use, engineering applications, etc.). An evaluative map classifies the natural complexes in terms of their suitability for the stated purpose. A predictive map focuses on the likely future behavior of these complexes, and a recommendatory map lists measures required to enhance the potential of natural areas for particular purposes. The ultimate result is a synthesized map of the entire proposed cultural landscape.     

历史的真实性:试论数据库新方法在历史研究的应用

一、历史研究中的"客观性" 今日,历史学家正在面临可怕的精神分裂.一方面,历史学家的本能告诉他,勾划过去的图画必须和科学研究一样,严格客观地考订史料,去寻找真相并其进行解译,以求理解人类历史展开的模式.     

邓小平与新时期中国基础科学研究

基础科学研究是衡量一个国家科学技术总体水平和综合国力的重要标志。邓小平在开创改革开放伟大事业的历史进程中,充分认识到发展基础科学研究的重要意义,并为此进行了艰辛探索,贡献卓越。他积极推动和促成一批重大基础科学研究设施的建立;创立博士后制度和博士后基金,关心基础科研人员,巩固和发展了基础科学研究的队伍;创制了保证基础科学研究得以持续的科学基金制,开启了基础科学对外开放的大门。这些措施为21世纪以"国家重点基础研究发展计划"("973计划")为代表的基础科学研究的蓬勃发展打下了良好基础。     

欧美应用地理学研究的主要内容和特点

应用地理学以地理学的理论和方法为基础,是纯学术地理学的延伸,包括评价和实施两个重要阶段,价值分析在其中起很大作用。欧美应用地理学的研究内容包括:环境与资源、规划与建设、文化与社会;其显著特点是:与政府和企业密切合作、致力于解决现实紧迫问题、特别强调区域研究和规划与政策的评价与实施。     

Pure Minds,Pure Bodies,Pure Lips: Religious Ideology and the Juvenile Convict Institutions at Carters' Barracks and Point Puer

During the transportation period, Britain sent 25,000 convict boys to Australia. While the proportion of juveniles was fairly low for the first thirty years, by the mid‐1820s increasing numbers were sent, with the growing argument that transportation might affect a reformation amongst the boys. Religious ideology was central to that argument. Institutions were built in Sydney and Port Arthur where boys would be taught to read, work, and fear God. This article considers the interrelationship between the authorities, the clergy, and the boys at Carters' Barracks and Point Puer, suggesting that religion and religious penal practices created dynamic points of interaction. When it came to being “reformed,” the boys were anything but passive recipients. Religious penal practice was far more than just an instrument of the hegemonic powers. Instead, it was a dynamic discursive and political space characterised at different times by resistance, compliance, and subversion of the areas of learning, cleanliness, and language. This article therefore considers not merely the religious practices of the penal institutions but also the varied manner in which the boys responded to those practices.     

自驾新西兰 走进纯净的长白云之乡(下)

蓝宝石般的湖泊新西兰是一个拥有众多湖泊的国家,尤以南岛为甚。在这块神奇的岛屿上,一个个璀璨的、如蓝宝石般晶莹的湖泊点缀其间。一路行来,短短数十天,我们邂逅了大大小小十几座风格各异的湖泊,目不暇接,流连忘返。首先走进我的视线的是新西兰第二大湖——蒂阿瑙湖,也是南岛的第一大湖。由于到达的时候已是夜幕低垂,湖水的样子看得并不清晰,于是第二天我黎明即起,迫不及待地来到湖边,但见一汪清澈的湖水如一面巨大的镜子,平整地安放在山脚下,没有一丝风,湖水安静得出奇。     

社会主义和谐社会与历史学研究——以编纂大众历史读物的指导思想为例

中共十六届六中全会通过的《中共中央关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定》,是改革开放以来中央全会通过的最重要的决定之一,是中国特色社会主义建设发展到21世纪初最新的战略举措,是更好、更快地建设社会主义现代化强国的现实需要。同时,构建社会主     

The New Social Contract for Science: Accountability, Relevance,and Value in US and UK Science and Research Policy

This paper considers recent changes in US and UK science policy designed to make academic research more publicly accountable and relevant. To this end, relations between public sector funding bodies academic researchers, andthe wider public are being reorganized in terms of customer-contractor relations, though cultural and institutional differences mean these broad trends have produced different outcomes in the US and UK to which geographers will have to adapt. New forms of market based, customer accountability are restructuring the context of scientific research and reorienting long standing academic norms and values. Though these changes are designed to make academic research more responsive to the demands of various paying customers, the paper suggests the importance of reflexivity about the interests and identity involved.     

新都龙藏寺壁画使用颜料的研究

四川物考古研究所采用现代分析测试技术,对四川省龙藏寺明代壁画的19个颜料样品进行了分析检测,查明了壁画所使用颜料的成份,并对壁画制作工艺和绘画技法进行了探讨。     

毛泽东与中国科学技术的自主研发

毛泽东将科学技术视为革命者完成自身历史使命的重要工具,他洞见先进技术在后发国家追赶发达国家中的作用,将大力发展科学技术视为国家的重要职能,在西方国家封锁禁运、苏联毁约的困境下,千方百计引进先进科技并努力促进自主研发,果断地发展高科技产业,提高中华民族的国际地位,为中国进一步发展打下了基础。回顾毛泽东与中国科学技术自主研发的历程,有助于我们深刻认识和实践新形势下中共中央、国务院做出的建设创新型国家的重大战略决策。     

“过洋牵星术”用于印度洋考释

过洋牵星作为一种海上导航技术,在《郑和航海图》、《顺风相送》等明清有关航海的书籍中只见用于苏门答腊以西的印度洋海域,对此许多前辈学者都曾提出疑问或推测,一直是学界难以解答的问题。随着近年来海洋史研究越来越受关注,此疑问的解答更显必要。本文试图从汉唐以来中国海上导航法的自身发展出发,通过比较过洋牵星术与更路导航的不同应用特点和局限性来解答这一问题。过洋牵星术只见用于印度洋,山形水势于这两种导航技术的抉择中是重要因素。同时,更路导航却能够不断完善脱颖而出,在中国帆船的海洋活动中占据主导地位。     

Applied theatre and political change in Bhutan

This essay reflects on an applied theatre project which took place in the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan in 2010. It investigates how far this project enabled Bhutanese young people to both critique their experiences of Bhutan's integration into the global market economy and experiment with their own alternatives to ‘modernisation’ as it is currently conceived. The essay has two intertwined aims: to investigate the utility of applied theatre for young people in Bhutan to help determine their future; and to assess how the Bhutanese case stories can reflect back on applied theatre as a means of furthering political change. The field of applied theatre is in need of such a provocation, as presently its radical edge has been dulled by its cooption into, and advocacy of, Western development discourse. During the performance process the young participants demonstrated a postcolonial subjectivity which could provide methods for challenging this state of affairs.