地缘政治学理论、方法与九十年代的地缘政治学

本文介绍了地缘政治学家关于地缘政治学学科的不同定义;探讨了不同层次地缘政治学研究的核心概念和研究方法论,分析了长期存在的学科内涵争论;探索了九十年代地缘政治学新的研究领域和发展方向:旨在推动我国地理学家参与国家和全球的地缘政治,地缘战略研究,繁荣和发展我国人文地理学的学科体系。     

ALARMISM AND DENIALISM IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: THE CASE OF THE NUTRIENT POLLUTION IN THE BALTIC SEA IN THE 1960S AND 1970S

Between 1975 and 1983 the Swedish labour movement discussed a proposal to establish wage earner funds that would gradually shift the ownership in medium to large companies from employers to workers. This article starts by shedding light on the genesis of the proposal in the 1960s and 1970s and the reactions it provoked in Swedish society. Focus then switches to how the Meidner plan was understood in Italy in a time of pronounced social conflict marked, on one hand, by the redefinition of the relationship between trade unions and politics and, on the other hand, by soaring opposition among the various trade unions and the growing distance between the two major leftist parties. These divisions reverberated on the ways the wage earner funds – in their various versions – were understood by the organizations of the Italian labour movement; the assessment of the plan's feasibility and its applicability to the Italian case came to reflect conflicting views on industrial and economic democracy and on the relationship between Nordic social-democracies and Italian reformism.     

世纪精品杰作 百年惠存留芳——世界最大最重金币研制生产

为了迎接人类跨入二十一世纪 ,向世人展示中国金银币的风采 ,受中国金币总公司委托 ,在中国印钞造币总公司的领导下 ,沈阳造币厂开发制作了千年纪念金币。该金币面向国内国际发行共 2 0枚。单枚质量 10ｋｇ ,成色 99 99% ,直径 180ｍｍ ,厚度为 2 4 3ｍｍ ,边部齿数 3 80个 ,面值 3 0 0 0 0元 ,为目前世界上最大最重的金币。该产品正面图案为中华世纪坛 ,背景为九龙盘绕 ,象征着中华民族的腾飞。有“千年纪念”、“中华人民共和国”及“2 0 0 0”字样 (见封面图 )。背面图案为一“眼”状的几何图形 ,意寓“放眼看未来”。边缘有云、水、日、…     

历史时期新疆北部城镇的形成与发展

历史时期新疆北部是草原游牧民族与汉族相互活动的区域,其城镇的形成与发展具有一定的草原文化景观特色。本文分析了新疆北部地区城镇的历史演变过程,提出其城镇萌芽于汉代前后,完善于清代后期,城镇的中心有一个从吉木萨尔-伊犁-乌鲁木齐的演变过程,并论述了新疆北部城镇形成与发展的特征和城镇发展的影响因素,得出研究历史城镇的发展对今天城镇建设与规划有一定的借鉴作用。     

LATE BRONZE AND IRON AGE LAKE SETTLEMENT IN SCOTLAND AND IRELAND: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE 'CRANNOG' IN THE NORTH AND WEST

Summary.   This paper considers the evidence for the origins and development of the lake settlement tradition of Scotland and Ireland in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages. Considering a crannog 'event horizon' around the mid-first millennium BC, dating and structural evidence are compared and contrasted, and the evidence for non-domestic activity including ritual and votive deposition is contextualized. It is argued that the concurrent appearance of crannogs with the flourish of domestic monumentality in Scotland and Ireland can be seen as a consequence of the fusion of ritual and domestic spheres of life in the later first millennium BC, integrating the themes of architectural monumentality and the Iron Age reverence of water.     

融入山水,扫描九寨的藏羌风情

<正>原以为到九寨只是看水,那里叠瀑飞泻,是那种看似石舞动浪万剑飞的千奇之美;那里翠海上百,又是一种回眸一笑百媚生的纤娇之美;至于那冰清高洁     

新时期的新疆人口问题及其调控对策

西部大开发战略给新疆发展带来了难得的历史机遇,人口作为PRED的重要组成部分,对新疆的开发和实施可持续发展具有十分重要的作用。本文详细分析了新疆人口的空间分布特点及其时间变化态势,并运用系统动力学模型对未来人口的变化趋势和绿洲人口合理容量进行了模拟仿真,提出了人口增长的高中低三个方案,在分析了人口增长过快所带来问题的基础上,提出了相应的对策建议。     

FOOD AND DRINK FOR THE KING, QUEEN, OFFICIALS AND ANCESTORS IN THE HOUSE OF THE LADY IN GIRSU

In JAC 16 I have discussed the development of the House of the lady in Girsu from the rule of Enentarzi to Lugalanda according to the ration lists of the House, and concluded that Urukagina was the legal successor of Lugalanda and there might not be the so-called ＂reforms of Urukagina＂ in Lagash and Girsu. That was the first part of my studies on the administrative texts from Girsu. In JAC 19 I have investigated, according to the donkey fodder rations which are recorded in the first part of the List of Monthly Barley-Wheat Distributions and Allowances （ξe-gar ziz-gar sa-dug4 itid-da）, the sorts, number and fodders of the donkeys from the rule of Enentarzi to the last years of Urukagina and found that from Urukagina Year 5, ii （2nd month）, the daily fodders and the number of various donkeys were greatly reduced.     

魏晋洛阳宫的形制与格局

目 次 一 洛阳宫的重建 二 宫门和殿门 三 中华门和上阎 四 太极殿等核心建筑 魏晋的洛阳宫是在东汉北宫的废墟上重建的,其形制和格局与东汉有同也有异.学术界对此有所研究,但许多环节还没弄清,整体认识仍较模糊.笔者基于之前对两汉宫禁制度的研究,又仔细搜集和梳理了与魏晋洛阳宫有关的各种文献史料,认真研究了近年公布的一系列考古勘探发掘成果,对魏晋洛阳宫的形成过程,宫门、殿门、中华门、上阎等门禁设施的位置及其所构成的宫内格局,皇帝办公和居住的场所及其变迁等问题有了一些新看法.今详述于下,供大家参考,也请方家指正.     

旅游跨文化学习中的主客互动——阳朔太极拳的教与学

中国传统文化的传播对于实现文化自信具有重要意义。本文关注了近年火热的“外国人赴阳朔学太极”现象，综合运用非参与式观察法、深度访谈法与文本分析法，以“身体符号”的意义变迁为研究脉络，探讨“外国人学太极”这一跨文化情境下的主客互动活动，分析外国人赴阳朔学太极的动因、互动过程与内在机制。研究发现：从互动媒介来看，身体作为符号在跨文化情境中发挥着重要的媒介作用，身体符号的意义也在跨文化互动中逐渐深化；从互动过程来看，不同主体的角色和观念以身体符号为媒介在跨文化互动中实现交互协商，由此加深主体对于自我的认知。人与人之间的学习型紧密联结强化了人与地方之间的关系。     

THE OUTSIDE AND INSIDE IN NORWEGIAN AND ENGLISH PRISONS

This article is based on our first experiences visiting prisons, and being surprised by the ways in which the inside and outside often seemed indistinct. One of our narratives comes from England, the other from Norway. Our analysis emerges from a recognition that, despite visiting prisons for different research projects in different countries, our experiences in prison spaces shared striking similarities. We had each expected prisons to have clear and demarcated boundaries between inside and outside, consistent with Goffman's binary distinctions in the total institution model. However, this model was not a good fit with our view of prisons, since it did not capture the importance of indistinction. The inside and outside were often entangled and fused with one another, having both distinctions and indistinctions simultaneously. The seemingly incompatible juxtapositions between inside and outside were consistent with the Foucauldian concept of heterotopia, as a better fit with our ideas. Our observations improve our understanding of confinement as a dynamic and often contradictory state of be-tweenness. After exploring our personal narratives from visiting prisons, some theoretical implications of the concept of heter-otopia within institutional research are discussed and contrasted to that of total institution.     

HISTORY AND RELIGION IN THE MODERN AGE

This essay seeks to clarify the relationship between history and religion in the modern age. It proceeds in three steps. First, it draws attention to the radical asymmetry between first‐person and third‐person statements that Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations rescued from the metaphysical exile to which it had been condemned by Descartes's definition of the self as a thing. Second, it argues that religion is designed to alleviate the peculiarly human kind of suffering arising from this asymmetry. Third, it maintains that history relies on the same means as religion in order to achieve the same results. The turn to historical evidence performed by historians and their readers is more than just a path to knowledge. It is a religious ritual designed to make participants at home in their natural and social environments. Quite like the ritual representation of the death and resurrection of Christ in the Mass, the historical representation of the past underwrites the faith in human liberty and the hope in redemption from suffering. It helps human beings to find their bearings in the modern age without having to go to pre‐industrial churches and pray in old agrarian ways. History does not conflict with the historical religions merely because it reveals them to have been founded on beliefs that cannot be supported by the evidence. History conflicts with the historical religions because it is a rival religion.