Instantiating Vision at the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary

This article examines the how the educational ideals of Mary Lyon, founder of the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, were instantiated in the built environment of the seminary she founded in the early nineteenth century. It is an exploration of how Lyon's vision of place contributed to the creation and transformation of gendered lives for middle‐ and lower‐class women from rural New England. While working within the restraints of a male‐dominated social and economic climate, Lyon both conforms to and resists the accepted gender roles that expected women to be subservient and obedient. Intent on changing the nature of women's educational and professional lives, Lyon refashioned notions of what it meant to be dependent yet dedicated to developing a life of the mind. Specific attention is given to how the built environment of the seminary served to further inculcate Lyon's belief in order, routine, and familial harmony all in the service of educating young women in preparation for both domestic and professional lives.     

Conservation,community archaeology,and archaeological mediation at Songo Mnara,Tanzania

Abstract

During archaeological fieldwork at Songo Mnara, a UNESCO World Heritage Site on the southern Tanzanian coast, a storm caused the collapse of a graveyard’s retaining wall. The process initiated by the rebuilding of that wall serves as a case study in addressing the dialogue among researchers, community members, and national and international organizations concerning heritage. During the process of rebuilding the wall, the Village Ruins Committee was called up by the Songo Mnara villagers as a community voice to speak with external stakeholders and to access perceived opportunities to work with UNESCO for financial reward. The committee led the rescue operation at the graveyard, yet was not always recognized as part of the process of conserving the site. In describing the tensions among the hierarchy of stakeholders at Songo Mnara, we explore the benefits and contradictions of international involvement with marginalized communities who might have multiple competing interests. Our study also speaks to good archaeological practice and the ways that we must seek to do community archaeology through recognizing the efforts of local groups who need to forge their own paths to collaboration. The case of Songo Mnara is an interesting example of how international heritage agendas, local historical memory and archaeological research can intersect to strengthen community ties to, and investment in, the monuments of the past.     

江苏徐州睢宁龙头山明墓发掘报告

2013年3月,徐州博物馆和睢宁博物馆对位于江苏省徐州市睢宁县官山镇西北约10公里的龙头山明墓进行了抢救性发掘。该墓为一座仿木结构砖室墓葬,由墓道、门楼、甬道、前室、石门、后室组成。该墓有仿木构的门楼和庭院式的前后室,门楼和墓室有丰富多彩的砖雕和彩绘壁画,石门上有阴刻描金题记"看破四大满腔念头归衣钵"和"万历二十三年四月望日立",为研究明代葬制、葬俗、建筑、绘画、宗教等提供了珍贵的资料。     

绝色长白山

长白山,的确长白. 因为冬日长,又落雪厚,所以,从每年的9月底,一直到来年的4月,漫长的6个月时间,一直是白茫茫的一片.而在山顶,待到阴、阳两坡的雪完全化尽,也只有7、8两个月.即便是6月,杜鹃花盛开时,花叶之间还时常夹杂了冰凉的残雪.但以往,人们去长白山游,多选择夏天,为的是避暑,也选择秋季,去看那斑斓锦绣的山林.而到了冬天,进山路上却没了人迹.其实,白雪覆盖的长白山才最有丰韵.     

济南玉函山隋代摩崖龛窟造像

玉函山摩崖造像以其众多的纪年造像题记 ,早在 2 0世纪 2 0年代就为学术界所知 ,但迄今仍无调查报告面世。作者以多次现场调查为基础 ,详细叙述各龛造像的现存情况 ,包括龛像尺寸。造像内容。题材。形制。题记等 ,希望能够为学术界提供一些原始材料。     

新疆石河子南山石堆墓人骨的种系研究

1998年7月上旬,新疆文物考古研究所与石河子军垦博物馆、新疆大学历史系少数民族考古班在石河子市南约60余公里的南山石场镇水泥厂附近清理发掘了13座古代石堆墓。这处墓群位于天山山谷的前山地带,墓葬分布在前山山坡上,有30余座。已发掘的13座石堆墓中,2座封堆下不见墓穴,亦不见人骨。另外11座中,     

Archaeological survey,ceramic analysis,and state formation in western Uganda

Early archaeological research on the Iron Age of Uganda focused upon earthworks, such as Bigo, with the purpose of validating historians interpretations of oral traditions. Recent research has continued the emphasis upon large sites but with archaeological interpretation given precedence over historical reconstructions. This paper discusses archaeological surveys undertaken in western Uganda in 1991 with the aim of examining Iron Age settlement patterns from a regional perspective, in which the large sites form only one element. Pottery analyses permit the establishment of a tentative chronology, which in combination with data on site sizes facilitates a new perspective on state formation in the region. The proposed model of the development of social complexity is compatible with revisionist interpretations of the historical evidence. Together, they suggest that the Nyoro state emerged after several centuries characterised by competing and often unstable small polities or chiefdoms.

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Résumé Les premières études archéologiques sur l'Age de fer en Ouganda se sont concentrées sur les fortifications en terre, comme Bigo, l'objectif étant de valider les interprétations de traditions orales par les historiens. Les recherches récentes ont continué à mettre l'accent sur les sites les plus étendus, mais les interprétations archéologiques passent avant les reconstructions historiques. Cet article discute les études archéologiques entreprises en Ouganda occidental en 1991, l'objectif étant d'étudier les schémas de peuplement de l'Age de fer selon une perspective régionale, selon laquelle les sites étendus ne constituaient qu'un des éléments. L'analyse de la poterie permet d'établir une tentative de chronologie qui, avec les données sur les dimensions des sites, facilite l'élaboration d'une nouvelle perspective sur la formation de l'Etat dans cette région. Le modèle proposé de développement de la complexité sociale est compatible avec des interprétations révisionnistes des faits historiques. Ensemble, ils suggèrent que l'Etat de Nyoro est apparu au bout de plusieurs siècles, caractérisés par des petits régimes politiques ou chefferies, souvent instables et se faisant concurrence.

     

Holy mountain and supreme council: Mount Athos at the beginning of a new era

Abstract

The establishment of the Supreme Council of Judicious Ordinances, itself a product of modern Ottoman reform begun by Mahmud II (1808–39), added to the establishment of a new framework for an increasingly centralised concept of ‘Beneficient Re-Orderings’ (tanzimat-i hayriye) in the Ottoman Empire. Created on 27 Zilhicce 1253 (24 March 1838) as part of Mahmud's strategy to dismantle the Grand Vizirate and shift the locus of power closer to himself, the Meclis-i Vala-yi Ahkam-i Adliye consequently figured prominently also in the famous Hatt-i ?erif (imperial decree) of Gülhane of 3 November 1839, by which date the Tanzimat are usually understood to have begun 'officially’.     

峨眉山—乐山大佛

核心价值概述 峨眉山(包括乐山大佛)是位于中国西部四川省的自然与文化双遗产.景区处于四川盆地西南边缘向青藏高原的过渡地带,以优美的自然风景和悠久的佛教文化完美结合而驰名,自古以来享有“峨眉天下秀”的赞誉.     

南京市雨花台区后头山东晋墓发掘简报

2015年4-7月,南京市考古研究所对南京市雨花台区后头山东晋墓进行了抢救性发掘。墓地坐北朝南,4座墓室东西向紧密排成一列,墓葬形制、大小相近,均为砖室券顶结构,长5米左右。墓葬多保存较好,出土了包括青瓷器、陶器、金饰、铜印章等在内的各类遗物90余件(组),其中六面印、步摇金饰、头像砖等均较罕见。根据出土的六面印,初步判断M1墓主为张迈。这处墓地的发掘对于研究六朝墓的出土遗物、葬制等方面都具有重要价值。     

福建南安丰州皇冠山“天监十壹年”墓发掘简报

2008年,福建省南安市丰州镇北面、桃园村与西华村北部交界处的皇冠山发现两晋南朝砖室墓群,泉州市博物馆与福建博物院考古研究所共同对其进行了抢救性发掘。其中12号墓(M12)为平面呈凸字形的券顶单室墓,墓砖模印纹饰精美华丽、种类多样,少量墓砖模印文字"天监十壹年"。出土随葬品23件,以青瓷器为主。该墓对研究泉州地区的早期移民、佛教传播有重要意义。     

Scanning electron microscope analysis of sediments from Tabun Cave,Mount Carmel,Israel

Scanning electron microscope analysis of sediments from Tabun Cave has revealed a detailed palaeoenvironmental history for the area. Basal units (Garrod's F and G layers) derive from wind-blown materials, intermediate units (E) are wind-blown derivatives but with marine modification, and the upper units (D, $\text{B}\text{C}$) exhibit only aeolian modification to grain surfaces. As had been previously postulated, the analyses also provide supporting evidence for chemical alteration phases within the sediments.     

Camelus from the upper pleistocene of Mount Carmel,Israel

A Camelus metapodial, found among the animal bones excavated by Garrod from the Levalloiso-Mousterian of the Tabun Cave (Mount Carmel, Israel), adds to the relatively small number of Camelus finds reported from the Pleistocene of the Near East. The mammal faunas associated with these finds suggest relatively dry open conditions, but not desert conditions. The Tabun specimen is of moderate size, in contrast to the very large Camelus from Far'ah II; two species of camel may thus have been present in the Near East during the Upper Pleistocene.     

Site Conservation in Morocco: The Emergence of a Practice at Aghmat

Abstract

It is still uncommon for foreign and national archaeological excavations in Morocco to include architectural or site conservators during the excavation and post-excavation periods. The few existing examples of conservation have all been carried out long after the site or the building had been excavated. The site conservation activities during the Aghmat excavations in summer 2006 illustrate how the presence of archaeological conservators, advising the archaeological team and implementing urgent interventions, has ensured a safe excavation and has contributed to the preservation of the physical integrity of the excavated buildings. The excavation of the imposing archaeological features of the medieval bath of Aghmat provided the first opportunity in Moroccan archaeology for Moroccan archaeological conservators to be involved in condition assessment, planning, and provision of conservation activities to preserve the bath.

The primary aim of this paper is to present the site conservation experience in the Aghmat project, which is the first such project to be initiated during an excavation, and to be conducted mainly by a Moroccan team; it aims also to highlight the conservation procedures adopted and to incite discussion.     

In Uganda,elders work with the UN to safeguard women's health

This article reports on the 1998 UN population award that was given to Uganda's Sabiny Elders Association (SEA) for its work in combatting female circumcision (FC) among the Sabiny people in Eastern Uganda's Kapchorwa district. The elders aimed at documenting local history and preserving the rich cultural heritage of Sabiny society while promoting changes in various cultural traditions that were inconsistent with modern ways of living. They also aimed to promote education especially among girls, to protect the region's environment and wildlife, and to develop its traditional medicine. Helping the victims of HIV/AIDS was a part of their goals. The UN Population Fund (UNFPA) launched its REACH program in Kapchorwa to assist the Sabiny community in bringing about its own social change and to join with them in eliminating FC, in 1996. A more appropriate ritual for ushering a girl into womanhood is being contemplated.