古村·老屋·手艺人

江南的三月,杂树生花,莺飞草长,春意盎然.我乘双休日与学校美术系的几个学生结伴,一同去了永嘉县最北边的一个偏僻的小山村--林坑村采风.早就听说那里山美,水美,是典型的浙南山区村落,只要用三、四个小时就能到那里.可没想到一路上不停的转车、行路,再加上山路崎岖窄小,车又颠簸,搞得人十分疲惫.临近村庄时,车子一拐入山口,远处就出现了一群镶嵌在青山绿水中、错落有致的浙南山区民居.它们一下子就把我吸引住了,一路的疲惫也好象被赶到九霄云外去了.     

仰韶文化与中国古代文明

在仰韶文化分布的中原地区 ,是中国古代文明的发祥地。仰韶文化的发展阶段 ,已处于中国古代文明起源与形成时期。仰韶文化在中国古代文明的发展进程中 ,占有极为重要的地位     

Technology,Free Labor,and Slavery: Lincoln on Discovery and Invention

Abstract

Abraham Lincoln presented a lecture in 1858–1859 on the process of “Discoveries and Invention.” In this lecture he discusses man's desire to improve his condition and the use of technology to that end. The process of discovery and invention allows man to develop that technology and alleviate his state. Education, especially literacy, allows knowledge to be passed down through time, facilitating yet further improvement. Yet, Lincoln warns that human nature can also become raw material, as seen in the institution of slavery. In light of Lincoln's more commonly known natural rights argument against slavery, this warning about human nature takes on greater significance. Coupled with an address on agriculture from 1859, Lincoln's lecture on discovery and invention attempts to illustrate the liberating power of invention and education while reminding us of the limits posed by man's natural equality.     

Geoarchaeology of Ancient Aulis (Boeotia,Central Greece): human occupation and Holocene landscape changes

This article presents the results of a coring operation which brought to light new evidence for the evolution of the coastal plain of Aulis (Boeotia, Central Greece) in the Holocene. Thanks to Homer, Aulis is best known as the gathering point of the Achaean fleet before it sailed to Troy and a sanctuary of the goddess Artemis. Ancient sources and archaeological evidence suggest the presence of an ancient marine bay, potentially used as a harbor. In the course of investigation, we drilled two cores, to a maximum depth of 4.20 m in the marshy lowlands and performed mollusc and micro-paleontological identifications, laser grain size analyses, and magnetic susceptibility measurements in order to reveal the facies evolution of the area. We obtained a chronostratigraphy sequence through a series of seven AMS ¹⁴C radiocarbon dates. Our study shows that the area was affected by a shallow marine incursion from the first half of the 6th millennium BC and gradually turned into a succession of shallow marine/lagoon environments from ca. 5000 cal. BC to the 2nd Century AD, and into a confined lagoon environment during the Roman and Byzantine periods.     

Method and Memory in the Midwestern "Lincoln Inquiry": Oral Testimony and Abraham Lincoln Studies, 1865 1938

This article narrates the role of oral testimony in the fieldof Abraham Lincoln studies from 1865 through the 1930s. Collectedin the form of letters, affidavits, and face-to-face interviews,this mounting body of "eyewitness evidence" dominated the discoursefor two generations and reflective, public practice culminatedin the organization of a "Lincoln Inquiry" in the Midwest duringthe 1920s and 1930s. For a time, practitioners successfullydefended themselves against increasing positivist assaults onthe credibility of oral testimony. Their interests and effortsresonate with later oral history practice and theory about method,authorship, performance, and memory, and their story highlightsthe contingency inherent in the development of oral historicalpractice in America.     

Lincoln and Emancipation: Constitutional Theory,Practical Politics,and the Basic Practice of Law

Abraham Lincoln is, by any measure, our greatest President. Whenever we are asked to rank our Presidents, Lincoln comes out on top. This makes sense. His job, leading the nation through four years of Civil War, was the hardest of any President and he accomplished it so stunningly well: winning the War, preserving the Union, and ending slavery.     

The Dred Scott Dissents: McLean,Curtis, Lincoln,and the Public Mind

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Ancient Mining and Smelting Activities in the Wadi Abu Gerida Area,Central Eastern Desert,Egypt: Preliminary Results

Old mining and smelting features in the Abu Gerida area have been studied using field observations, microscopy and SEM–EDS to detect the ores that were exploited in antiquity. There are two groups of shafts in the area. The first group encloses secondary copper minerals and is associated with glassy slags containing copper prills. The other group is associated with hematite that was extracted and transferred to a smelting station to the west of the mining site, where iron slags and charcoal fragments are found. These slags are composed mainly of wüstite, fayalite–kirschsteinite and traces of metallic iron. Pottery fragments from this area were dated to the Ptolemaic Period, which may be the age of iron exploitation. Copper might have been exploited earlier.     

黄河臂弯里的撒拉族古民居

青海省循化撒拉族自治县大庄村位于黄河臂弯处的山沟坡岭上,背靠高山深谷,隔黄河与对岸的专堂藏族村相望.村落依山就势建在石坎坡上,高低错落形成阶梯状,互相毗连,一家一院,住房大部分是简陋的篱笆楼.至于为何修建篱笆楼,原因有二：其一,此村落耕地少,平地窄,建楼可减少用地;其二,此村落周围林茂木多,获取木料方便.     

试论古蜀人的神性思维与中央意识

三星堆古蜀人的环境观念、宗教观念、政治观念无一不突显出强烈的“中央意识”。本通过对两坑祭法、出土重器内涵的分析,认为其社会、政治等诸方面“以中央为神圣”秩序建构是以众星拱卫的北极天区为参照模式,崇拜斗极的宗教情感与神性思维互为因果。“中央意识”作为一种观念形态,成为维系三星堆古蜀国政治秩序、社会秩序,规范人间行为的核心,它对于形成三星堆古蜀国金字塔式整体结构的神权政体,形成巨大的向心力,防止王权式微等起到了至关重要的作用。     

《中原古代冶金技术研究》述评

《中原古代冶金技术研究》和《中原古代冶金技术研究(第二集)》是李京华先生在冶金考古方面的研究专著,第一本出版于1994年,第二本出版于2003年,前后历时近十年。第一本主要内容为:铜铁冶炼与熔化技术、铸造技术,农具冶铸技术,冶铸技术的起源与演变,冶铸业管理与职官,冶铁技术的传播,彩色金属渣与高温彩色瓷釉起源的关系等。如果说第一本是对冶金考古的考察探讨阶段,那么第二本已完全进入研究并提出自己主张和阐释观点的阶段。在第二本中,李京华先生就冶金考古学中的有关理论问题、先商及商代青铜器和冶铸遗址、周代青铜器制造技术、周代青…     

The Deserted Medieval Village of Riseholme,near Lincoln

Abstract

Advances in the understanding of the Anglo-Saxon burh in the last 25 years, a reassessment of the date and context of the Burghal Hidage and a recent analysis of comparable archaeological evidence from Cricklade make it necessary to review the archaeological evidence of the defences of the late-Saxon burh at Christchurch. This enables a reconstruction of the urban landscape, which in turn allows a new view of the significance of hidage assessments in the Burghal Hidage for all the burhs in the system it describes. It also places the development of Christchurch in the context of that of other burhs in Wessex and southern Mercia, and throws a new light on general historical processes in the 9th to the early 11th centuries.     

Reshaping governance in Torres Strait: The Torres Strait regional authority and beyond

Getano Lui (Jnr) suggested in his 1993 Boyer Lecture that it was time to ‘build a new framework’ for the Torres Strait and that this might be negotiated in time for the centenary of the Australian Constitution in 2001. This paper examines possibilities for reshaping governance in Torres Strait, particularly the idea of Torres Strait regional government. It does so in the light of the history of settlement and contemporary population characteristics in the Strait and also the history and development of local and regional structures of political representation. It pays particular attention to events leading up to the establishment in July 1994 of the Torres Strait Regional Authority (TRSA) within the Commonwealth Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ASTIC). Under the labels of other authorities, the marine environment, constituency and confederal representation, it also examines some key issues which are likely to arise in attempts to move beyond the present structures towards fuller regional government. Some consequences of one possible and likely approach to the constituency issue are explored and a brief concluding comment is made about the relationship between these developments in Torres Strait and interpretations of Australian federalism.