Brazil's Amazon Fund: A “Green Fix” between Offset Pressures and Deforestation Crisis

Emissions trading and nature-based solutions, particularly REDD+, have lent themselves to the critical literature on the “socioecological fix” in neoliberal capital accumulation and state regulation. Prone to reversals, land conflict, and leakage, these mechanisms displace the burden of carbon emissions reductions to global South countries, promote new green commodities, and thus increase rather than curb the chance of capital accumulations by big polluters. Studies of existing REDD+ projects register the privatisation of forest management on the one hand and “aidification” on the other, suggesting impediments to fully commodifying forest carbon ranging from social movement resistance to technical issues. This case study of Brazil's national Amazon Fund points to global South protagonism in constructing and negotiating REDD+, challenging Northern and market hegemonies. Progressive Southern actors use the political space of the fix to defend rural communities' territorial rights and demand resources in line with historic responsibilities and climate justice.     

20世纪90年代中国区域经济发展的历史考察与基本经验

从20世纪90年代初开始,中国区域经济发展开始由非均衡发展转向区域协调发展。区域协调发展战略的形成有着特定的历史与现实背景。1991年和1999年是中国区域战略大调整的转折点,1991年开始强调区域协调发展,1999年正式提出西部大开发战略。随着区域经济政策的制定与实施,中国区域经济格局发生了深刻变化。考察中国区域经济发展历程,其基本经验对中国未来区域发展有着重要的启示与借鉴意义。     

把握区域发展战略 促进区域协调发展

文章阐述了区域发展总体战略,分析了区域协调发展的现状,提出了促进区域协调发展的对策。     

区域市场营销与区域经济学拓展理论

区域市场的存在是营销行为区域化的必然结果。环境本底差异加上劳动地域分工出现了区域产品,各种类型区域产品空间分布在不同的地域单元,由此带来商品的市场流通,这就要求针对不同区域特点,制定企业的营销策略。区域市场营销理论是对区域市场、市场缺口理论、区际贸易理论以及市场区位论的拓展。企业在不同区域的营销行为,受区际因素和区际关系的影响使营销策略、营销效果发生变化。本文通过深入研究,揭示这些现象存在的本质问题。     

文化观念与区域可持续发展

区域文化观念始终潜移默化地影响区域发展主体。区域活性是对区域发展状态的一种模糊综合评判与描述。文化观念以发展主体为载体,影响区域活性各侧面,成为活性动力源。在具体时空环境下,经济现代化的地域模式与不同地域的历史传统和文化背景有密切的内在逻辑联系性、一致性和耦合性。在区域综合力各分力中,自然力是基础、经济力是核心、文化力是动力源。概而言之,区域文化观念在影响区域发展主体的同时,以区域发展主体为载体和中介,影响区域活性、区域发展模式和区域综合力,参与区域经济社会循环,成为区域可持续发展的重要影响因素。     

区域开发规划中产业结构合理化问题探讨

本文建立了区域产业结构合理性评价的基本准则,提出了区域开发规划中实现区域产业结构优化的主要途径,认为区域产业结构优化能够有效地促进区域可持续发展。     

劳务经济模式与地域发展对策研究——以河南省为例

论文论述了发达国家农村劳动力转移的三种模式,即英国模式、美国模式和日本模式,并以劳务经济大省河南省为例,总结出河南劳务经济发展的六种模式,即候鸟式劳务型,团体转移型,打工创业型,求学就业型,海外就业型,工业吸引型。根据国内外经验与未来发展趋势,提出了促进我国劳务经济健康发展的对策。     

我国区域发展战略的回顾、评价与启示

建国以来,我国区域发展战略经历了均衡发展、非均衡发展和协调发展三个阶段。区域发展战略的演变呈显出主体多元化、内容多维度化、机制市场化和战略空间细化的趋势。与此同时,现行区域发展战略存在若干不足,有追求政策优惠忽视制度创新的倾向,区域发展战略之间缺乏宏观整体性衔接,阻碍区域协调发展的瓶颈远未取得突破,区域发展战略仍过于强调效率目标,对不发达地区关注不足。因而,未来区域发展战略的制定,不应追求数量,要注重是否真正有利于实现区域的改革创新;亟需制定一个全局性区域连接发展规划,或者以整合发展的理念对现有的区域发展战略规划进行统筹管理;中央应制定和出台针对性的法律法规保障要素的自由流动和区际自由公平贸易;国家级区域发展战略的地区选择应更注重公平目标。     

Regional GDP estimates for Sweden, 1571–18501

This paper provides regional GDP estimates for the 24 Swedish regions (NUTS-3) for the benchmark year 1571 and for 11 ten-year benchmarks for the period 1750–1850. The 1571 estimates are based on tax sources and agricultural statistics. The 1750–1850 estimates are produced following the widely used methodology by Geary and Stark (2002 Geary, F., and T. Stark. 2002. Examining Ireland's Post-Famine Economic Growth Performance. Economic Journal 112(482):919–935. doi:10.1111/1468-0297.00064.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]): labour force figures from population censuses at regional level are used to allocate to regions the national estimates of agriculture, industry and services while wages are used to correct for productivity differentials. By connecting our series to the existing ones by Enflo, Henning, and Schön (2014 Enflo, K., M. Henning, and L. Schön. 2014. Swedish Regional GDP 1855–2000: Estimations and General Trends in the Swedish Regional System. Research in Economic History 30:47–89.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) for the period 1860–2010, we are able to produce the longest set of regional GDP series to date for any single country.     

关于我国区域经济地理学和区域经济学融合发展的思考

区域经济地理学与区域经济学是地理科学与经济科学在解决\"经济区域(系统)\"的发展问题过程中交叉发展的产物。区域经济地理学是一门古老而年轻的学科,区域经济学则是二战后形成的新兴学科,但两门学科有着共同的思想发展特点,与区位论的发展紧密相联,与区域问题相伴而生,并随着相关学科的发展而越发具有生命力。20世纪80年代以来,尽管在思维方法、研究侧面、学科层次等方面仍存在较大差异,但两门学科在研究内容和理论框架上越来越靠拢,在学科性质上也日益走向融合。     

‘The Claims of Asia and the Far East’: India and the FAO in the Age of Ambivalent Internationalism

If any nation were poised to actualize the developmental promises that the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) extended to the international community, it was India. India's independence came in the wake of devastating famine in Bengal and the fears of its recurrence, and the nationalists who had midwifed India's freedom staked their legitimacy to the promise of food for all. Yet from independence, the FAO played only a marginal role in India's agricultural development, its projects reflecting a winnowing scale of ambition. From early investigations into the improved cultivation of basic food grains, the FAO's projects grew increasingly modest by the time of the Green Revolution, revolving around modest improvements to capitalist agriculture, from wool shearing to timber and fishery development. Instead, India drew more substantively upon resources made available by the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations, the United States Technical Cooperation Mission and occasional Soviet largesse. Meanwhile, the Indian most associated with the FAO, B.R. Sen (Director-General, 1956–1967), struggled to align the Organization's capacities with India's scarcity crises, even as his own understanding of famine drew upon his experience as India's Director of Food during the Bengal Famine.     

区域、竞争力与区域发展

竞争力概念本身具有抽象性和模糊性,尤其被用于地点的属性时,对其界定颇多争议。这导致在区域竞争政策应用中不可避免的出现某种程度的混乱。通过追踪竞争力的缘起,在对两种主要的区域竞争力概念来源进行理论述评的基础上,从竞争的一般概念角度阐述了区域竞争力存在的客观性及其本质涵义,并从企业和地点两个角度比较分析了竞争在区域发展中的作用及影响。