构建中国特色、中国风格和中国气派的中国口述史学--关于口述史料与口述史学的若干问题

口述史料主要指经过口传或为后人记录成为史料的民间传说、社会歌谣、历史人物讲话、录音录像以及访问调查的原始资料,对这些资料的发掘和整理被称作口述史学.在西方,现代意义上的口述史学建立于20世纪30～40年代前后,与这些国家相比我国至今仍充其量只有一些口述史的实践,其发展受到多方面的限制.建议成立有关组织,召开研讨会,构建相关规范,制定相关规划,形成和发展中国特色、中国风格和中国气派的口述史学.     

史料与史学视域下的藏品与陈列

借鉴史料与史学的关系理论来思考藏品与陈列问题,或可有利于博物馆界问题意识的强化和理论品位的提升,从而将相关问题的研究引向系统和深入。陈列本质上是一种意义重构的过程,理想的陈列应该是使藏品的自我解释与陈列的外在解释相得益彰。陈列设计者应该在整体历史观念的统摄下,将那些承载着片段历史和文化信息的藏品进行正确解读和定位,并引发观众对基本完整的历史事件的理解。为了从不同侧面令人信服地展示历史风貌,扩大博物馆藏品的征集和遴选范围是十分必要的。     

编写回族史学史的构想

回族史学史研究回族史学本身发展的过程。回族史的姐妹学科首先是回族史学以及中西交通史。研究回族史学必须注意五个问题。回族史学是本世纪２０年代出现的,经历一个发展过程,要研究回族史学在各个时期的变化、发展,研究回族史学史就要清理已有成果,加强基本功的训练,重视史学理论的指导。     

西文史料与中国史研究

一 我虽不能完全赞同傅斯年“史学就是史料学”的观点,但不可否认,史学研究的每一次重大转型都或多或少与新史料的出现或固有史料的重新解读有着密切关系。史学研究的领域、视野乃至理论和方法,在很大程度上取决于关注史料的视野、驾驭史料的多寡、解读与使用史料的角度等方面。     

断代史学史研究中的一枝奇葩——评傅玉璋、傅正著《明清史学史》

史学史是研究史学发展历程、探究史学发展规律的一门学术史.中国修史传统源远流长,数千年来流下的史学著作汗牛充栋、浩若烟海,围绕修史过程所形成的丰富的史学思想,是中国传统文化的一个重要组成部分.     

学习白寿彝先生关于史学史学科的思想

史学史学科在历史学科中占有相当重要的地位,白寿彝先生论述史学史学科时指出,史学史是较高层次的史学工作,对于整个史学工作都有重要的意义;建设史学史学科,要努力总结中国史学遗产,要揭示史学民族特点,要重视史学思想史的研究。     

抗战时期的内债史研究与档案史料

通过对有关档案资料的考证,本文认为国民政府在抗战时期共发行内债计法币公债1602200万元、关金1亿单位、英金2000万镑、美金21000万元,另有谷麦等粮食库券81240339市石,这在一定程度上支持了抗战事业。但由于战时国民政府公债政策的失误和战时公债发行客观环境的影响,导致战时的内债销售不畅,实发额除粮食库券外,大部分仅为发行定额的25%左右,限制了公债政策作用的发挥。另外,由于受抗战时期的艰苦恶劣环境影响,关于战时内债问题的档案资料保存下来的并不多见,使战时内债问题的研究受到迟滞。为了推动这一领域的研究,需组织专门的力量对有关档案史料做进一步的发掘与整理,以便对战时内债史进行深入的研究与思考。     

史学关注荒野——环境史的兴起及启示

环境史的兴起和发展,是自然对人类警示的结果,是人对自身历史反思的结果,是历史学科的又一大发展。环境史为史学观念提供了一种新的思考范式,即抛弃人类中心主义,从环境中心主义去思考世界史,从自然的整体思考人类历史,思考整体史,并试图以此构建一种新的全球史。     

非洲史研究的新视野——环境史

与世界其他国家和地区的历史研究相比,非洲史研究起步晚、难度大。但是即便如此,20世纪的非洲史研究还是取得了长足进步,尤其是在民族解放运动取得胜利之后。非洲史研究不但成为世界史研究中一道亮丽的风景,而且为冲破历史研究中的“西方话语霸权”贡献出了自己的地方性知识,丰富了世界史研究的史料学、理论观点、方法论。环境史是继传统史学、殖民主义史学和民族主义史学之后的另一重要流派。本将从史学史的角度着重分析环境史在非洲史研究中的兴起发展、主要的观点和方法以及存在的问题。     

柳诒徵论中国传统史学的治史原则与方法

柳诒徵作为中国现代文化保守主义史学大师结合西方新史学思想,对中国传统史学做了大量阐述。他对中国传统治史原则和方法的阐述尤为丰富和精深,主要包括五方面:一、"治史之必本于德"的原则;二、国史书写的道德评判准则;三、史识与史德、史法的关系和治史重在求取史识;四、注重史事普遍联系的史学记载和表述;五、正确看待考据在治史中的地位和作用。这些史学思想体现了柳诒徵史学通贯古今和兼融中西的基本特征。     

庐陵史学特征及其在中国史学史上的地位

庐陵史学发达宏富,史备众体,尤其是在宋明时期,史学大家叠出,史学著作丰硕,史书类型繁多。诞生了龙衮、欧阳修、徐梦莘、罗泌、龙文彬等众多的史学家,编撰了《江南野史》、《新唐书》、《新五代史》、《集古录》、《三朝北盟会编》、《路史》、《西域行程记》、《广舆图》、《豫章书》和《明会要》等重要史学著作。庐陵史学重文献网罗、考证和历史经验总结,从整体上看具有父子同撰、通今博古、文史兼通、诗文咏史、金石证史等特征,有史料、校勘和辑佚价值。庐陵史学享誉海内外,口碑较好,在中国史学史上具有重要地位和作用。     

From sacred history to historical memory and back: The Jewish past

This paper deals with the manufacture of collective memory in the Jewish experience. The first section describes the patterns provided by sacred history. Based on the case study of the Jewish communities of Jerba, Tunisia, the second section explores how local events are elaborated and conceptualized to conform to the paradigms of the religious tradition. In the third part, the life stories and autobiographies of North African Jews who have emigrated to France serve as a basis for investigating the relationship between individual memory and sacred history.     

The periphery revisited: Polish post-war historiography on the working class and the new global labour history

This paper explores the characteristics of post-war Polish historiography on the working class and relates it to current trends in global labour history. Although, in Poland, labour history never existed as a separate field, many historians focused their studies on either working-class history or the history of the workers’ movement. After 1945, Polish historiography was circumscribed by political and ideological considerations; however – except during the brief Stalinist period (1951–56) – Marxist methodology was not imposed or applied uncritically. In fact, discussions about the role of the working class in history that began after 1956 generated research interest in new groups of workers and labour relations. Much of this research concerns recently highlighted aspects of labour history, such as marginal groups of workers or free versus unfree labour. Polish historians’ reinterpretation of Marxist orthodoxy proceeded from their empirical studies of nineteenth-century Polish lands – at the periphery of Western capitalist development – as well as from their theoretical influences. This article argues that some aspects of the Polish historiography on the working class qualify it as part of labour history’s heritage, despite the historiography’s significant limitations.     

史学话语权与20世纪的中国民族史学——兼说10卷本《中国史学思想通史》

20世纪中国社会发生变动,受到西方学术思潮的影响,中国史学进入到近代化时期.西方学术话语处在强势地位,在这样的大背景下,近代史学理论、思想的争论,基本是按照西方的史学理论的热点而展开,也随着西方史学理论的热点的变动而变动.这对扩大研究视野、深化相关的史学认识有一定的意义,但另一面是,民族史学的重要思想失去应有的地位.传统民族史学思想、理论具有重要的价值,是西方史学理论不能完全替代的;民族史学话语权的失落,对于中国史学发展是不利的.进入到21世纪,史学理论发展不能忽视中国民族史学思想的研究".认真总结民族史学思想遗产,对于当代史学具有重大的意义,是振兴民族史学的重要工作,也是民族史学走向世界的基本要求.     

The historiography of Malaysia: Recent writings in English on the history of the area since 1874

The Dutch in Western India 1601–1632—A Study of Mutual Accommodation, by Ann Bos Radwan, KLM Private Limited, Calcutta, 1978. Pp. XII + 159. Rs. 45.

Calcutta in Urban History, by Pradip Sinha, Calcutta: Firma KLM Private Ltd, 1978. Pp. xix + 268. Rs 65.

Social History of an Indian Caste: the Kayasths of Hyderabad by Karen Isaksen Leonard. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978. Pp. xviii + 353. £10.25.

Liberty and Empire: British Radical Solutions to the American Problem, 1774–1776 by Robert E. Toohey. Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky, 1978. Pp. xiv + 210. S13.00.

Patriot‐Heroes in England and America: Political Symbolism and Changing Values over three Centuries by Peter Karsten. Madison and London: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1978. Pp. 257, 66 illustrations. £17.50.

David Livingstone: The Dark Interior by Oliver Ransford. London: John Murray, 1978. Pp. x + 332. 6 maps, 17 illustrations. £8.50.

Southeast Asian Transitions: Approaches through Social History. Edited by Ruth T. McVey with the assistance of Adrienne Suddard. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1978. Pp. ix + 242. £12.60.

The China Station: War and Diplomacy 1830–1860 by Gerald S. Graham. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1978. Pp. xix + 444, maps. £15.00.

The Foundation of the Conservative Party 1830–1867 by R. Stewart. London: Longman, 1978. Pp. xvii + 427. £12.00 ('A History of the Conservative Party’, vol. I).

The Discipline of Popular Government: Lord Salisbury's Domestic Statecraft, 1881–1902 by Peter Marsh. Hassocks: Harvester Press, 1978.Pp.x + 373; £16.50.

Colour, Class and the Victorians by Douglas A. Lorimer. Leicester University Press, 1978. Pp. 300; £8.50.

The International Economy and the Undeveloped World, 1865–1914 by A. J. H. Latham. London: Croom Helm Ltd., 1978. Pp. 217, maps and illus.; £9.95.

Clan Leaders and Colonial Chiefs in Lango by John Tosh. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978. Pp. xvi + 293. £11.50.

Reformers, Rebels and Revolutionaries: the Western Canadian Radical Movement, 1899–1919, by A. Ross McCormack. Toronto :University of Toronto Press, 1977.

Happy Valley: The Story of the English in Kenya, by N. Best. Seeker and Warburg, 1979. Pp. 224. £6.95.

The Commonwealth and the Nation by S. R. Mehrotra, New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1978. Rs.40; London: Independent Publishing Co. Pp. vi + 108. N.p.

The Princes of India in the Twilight of Empire: Dissolution of a Patron‐Client System, 1914–1939 by B. N. Ramusack. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1978. Pp. xxii + 322, map and illus.; $20.

Linlithgow and India. A Study of British Policy and the Political Impasse in India, 1936–43 by G. Rizvi. London: Royal Historical Society, 1978. Pp. x + 261. £9.30.

Four Families of Karimpur by Charlotte V. Wiser. Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University: Syracuse, 1978. Pp. xxix + 229. S6.50.

Hong Kong: Stability and Change by H. J. Lethbridge. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1978. Pp. 275. £14.50.

Dominanz oder Kooperation: die Entwicklung der regionalen Integration in Ostafrika by Goswin Baumhogger. Hamburg: Institut für Afrika‐Kunde, 1978. Pp. xiii + 374 (Hamburger Beiträge zur Afrika‐Kunde vol. 22).

Who are our enemies? Racism and the Australian Working Class edited by Ann Curthoys and Andrew Markus. Sydney: Hale and Iremonger, for the Australian Society for the Study of Labour History. Pp. xx + 211.     

With the face to the future: The kibbutz in recent literary works

The kibbutz, which was considered one of the greatest successes of the socialist dream, failed to survive history, which replaced socialism with both capitalism and globalization. Numerous texts, literary, documentary, and scholarly, have tried to comprehend the social developments that took place in the kibbutz during the period of its demise, especially over the 1980s and the 1990s. This article focuses on two works – Habayta (Home, Assaf Inbari, 2009) and Bein haverim (Between friends, Amos Oz, 2012) – both of which refrain from solely addressing the rift that the kibbutz underwent, but rather attempt to see in the moment of the kibbutz's disintegration a stage in a historical process that will ultimately enable creation of new values on the ruins of the old ones. Both works triggered powerful response from literary critics and from the general public, and contributed to shaping a new perspective on the history of the kibbutz.