也谈刘坤一、王文韶的两件电奏

光绪二十一年三月二十三日李鸿章在《马关条约》上签字画押。①条约规定,从签画到换约,限期二十一日,即截止四月十四日夜十二点钟,“两帝国政府彼此不允批准和约,无庸告知,即将此约作为废止”②。这短暂的21天为清政府的换约决策提供了思考的时间。其间,清廷一度谕令前敌主帅刘     

Two long-snouted temnospondyls (Amphibia,Labyrinthodontia) from the Triassic of Queensland

Fragmentary remains of the first long snouted temnospondyls from the Triassic of Queensland are described. One is the first vertebrate fossil from the Glenidal Formation, while the other adds another member to the extensive fauna of the Arcadia Formation. Both specimens are placed provisionally in the Family Trematosauridae.     

少昊、帝舜与大汶口文化(下)

本文依据文献及前人的论证,认为太昊、帝喾、帝俊及帝舜的名称是不同地缘和时代对同一文化集团的称谓;太昊与少昊是有着亲缘关系的两大部族,在长期的发展过程中或分或合,相互替代,最后合为一体 结合对大汶口文化分期与类型的分析,论定大汶口文化早期刘林类型是少昊的发源地,之后在庙底沟文化的介入下在汶泗流域建国,在大汶口中期前后统一了东方 文章对太昊、少昊诸族的考古文化属性做了初步的推测和认定,论述了大汶口晚期昊族文化的崛起,进而大举西进南征的大致过程,认为由于昊族文化的西迁,推动了中原地区社会的发展和进步,从而形成了一个全新的时代——文明社会的到来     

Morphological analysis of Ozarkodina prolata Mawson and Ozarkodina midundenta (Wang & Ziegler) (Emsian conodonts) from South China

Lu, J.-F., November 2015. Morphological analysis of Ozarkodina prolata Mawson and Ozarkodina midundenta (Wang & Ziegler) (Emsian conodonts) from South China. Alcheringa 40, xxx–xxx. ISSN 0311-5518.

Investigations of conodonts from Emsian (Lower Devonian) strata at Bahe, Liujing and Daliantang in Guangxi and Yunnan, South China, provide new data on the morphological variability and phylogenetic affinity of Ozarkodina midundenta, a species initially assigned to Pandorinellina but transferred to Ozarkodina herein. Morphological analysis suggests that O. midundenta probably developed from O. prolata by progressive fusion of denticles in the middle third of the blade above the basal cavity in the Pa element.

Jian-feng Lu [lujfivan@sina.cn], Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China. Also affiliated with University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.     

毛泽东与两次台海危机--20世纪50年代中后期中国对美政策变动原因及趋向(续)

四 第二次炮击金门:直接对美,间接对苏 从莫斯科回到北京,毛泽东马上主要开始着手做两件事情。这两件事情都和他试图调整中国的对外政策有密切的关联。 第一件事就是开始批评和平共处,加强对外政策中的斗争性。据吴冷西记述,毛泽东率中国党政代表团于11月21日回到北京后,第二天晚上就召集了政治局常委会。他在着重介绍了代表团在莫斯科如何宣传和坚持中国党在斯大林问题,以及和平过渡等问题上的原则意见     

喀喇沁旗出土的夏家店下层文化石磬

喀喇沁旗位于内蒙古赤峰市南部,西拉木伦河以南,燕山山脉以北,七老图山脉东北麓,与冀北、辽西毗邻。境内古遗址、古墓葬分布较密集,古遗址中尤以夏家店下层文     

I.M. Sechenov (1829 - 1905) and the scientific self-understanding for medical sciences

There is no discussion about the historic relevance of I. Sechenov for physiology and neurosciences as the "father of Russian modern physiology". But he is relevant for modern natural science too because of his basic epistemological and ontological work. He did not accept the up to now basic paradigm of "Ignorabimus" which can be seen as the reason to exclude even the generalizable aspects of individuality, creativity and spontaneity from natural science. He developed techniques for empirical based science to deal with materialistic and idealistic aspects of the comprehensive person the "ignoramus" according to the actual stay of knowledge and the acceptable ontologies. He demonstrated that ontologies ("paradigms") can be used as tools according to the given problem which should be solved. So Sechenov can be seen as a precursor of the so efficient philosophical positions of Einstein and Th. Kuhn. The stay of the art in physiology and neurosciences changed since the time of Sechenov dramatically. Therefore the philosophical positions of the 19th century should be discussed. Maybe this is indispensable for the needed linkage between materialistic and idealistic aspects of a person. For this the proposals of Sechenov are helpful up to now but nearly unknown. There is no discussion about the historic relevance of I. Sechenov as the "father of Russian physiology." But he is relevant for modern natural science too because of his epistemological and ontological work. He did not accept the up to now basic paradigm of "Ignorabimus" that can be seen as the reason to exclude even the generalizable aspects of individuality, creativity, and spontaneity from natural science. He demonstrated that ontologies ("paradigms") and epistemology can be used as tools according to the given problem. So Sechenov can be seen as a precursor of the so efficient philosophical positions of Einstein and Th. Kuhn. The state of the art changed dramatically. Therefore, the philosophical positions of the nineteenth century should be questioned. Maybe this is indispensable for the needed link between materialistic and idealistic aspects of a person as a whole. In this respect the proposals of Sechenov are helpful for medical science in the twenty-first century too but nearly unknown.     

Two Traditions Of Ancient Tibetan Cartography (Landscape and Ethnos,VIII)

An historical geographer and a Tibetan philologist combine their talents in an effort to interpret and date two ancient Tibetan maps, one in the Iranian-Tibetan tradition and the other in the Indian-Tibetan tradition. The Iranian-Tibetan map, though drawn in an unusual stylized fashion, is found to reflect a level of precision and areal coverage superior to Greco-Roman maps. The Indian-Tibetan map, though more concerned with cosmological matters of the Buddhist tradition, also reflects, in the authors' opinion, an unusual range of knowledge whose precise origins remain obscure.     

一部有助于西方社会正确认识华人移民的著作--评《我们需要两个世界--活跃在西方社会的华人移民社团》

虽然近年来华侨华人研究在国内外学术界不断升温 ,欧洲亦是战后东南亚华侨华人再移民以及中国大陆改革开放以后“新移民”的主要前往地之一 ,然而有关欧洲华侨华人的研究一直是侨史学界 ,特别是国内侨史学界的薄弱环节 ,至今尚未有欧洲华侨华人史或欧洲某一华侨华人的国别史专著问世。1 999年 1月 ,荷兰阿姆斯特丹大学出版社出版了一部颇引人注目的研究欧洲华人移民的英文专著 :《我们需要两个世界———活跃在西方社会的华人移民社团》 (ＷｅＮｅｅｄＴｗｏＷｏｒｌｄｓ:ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＩｍｍｉｇｒａｎｔＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎａＷ…     

Jobs, Equity, and the Mayoral Administration of Harold Washington in Chicago (1983–87)

Scholars have applauded and critiqued the "equity" dimensions of the four-year mayoral administration of Harold Washington in Chicago (1983–1987). Much of the debate has centered on haw to assess the progress of equity planning and implementation in specific contexts, whether it has produced concrete outcomes for poor communities, become institutionalized, or changed civic decisionmaking structures. This article attempts to capture the contested and emergent quality of equity planning in the Washington administration by examining its focus on jobs in some detail. The jobs goal–derived from neighborhood experience of economic change–became a central element of Washington's 1983 mayoral campaign and one of the key development goals of the administration. The administration pursued an array of jobs policies and programs, attempting to link economic development with employment services, hold accountable those firms receiving public incentives, retain manufacturing, and provide equitable access to city resources. By the end of Washington's first term, many economic development accomplishments had been achieved but the administration also experienced dilemmas that challenged the jobs goal and its equity potential–for example, the connection between local investment and regional and national economic policies. Consideration of the early experiences of the Washington administration in Chicago in formulating and implementing job policies and programs clarifies the difficulties of a broad-based and sustainable equity program. These lessons are particularly useful today as many low-income advocates, municipalities, and states struggle to reform workforce and economic development systems.     

Kathleen Ritzpatrick (1905-1990), Margaret Kiddle (1914-1958) and Australian history after the Second World War

This article explores the pioneering efforts of two Australian historians, Margaret Kiddle and Kathleen Fitzpatrick, to place issues of women and gender centrally in a narrative of Australia's past. While they were not the first women to enter the history profession in Australia, both women made a significant mark on the Australian history profession in the years after World War II. Furthermore, their first books represent the earliest scholarly Australian works in which women appeared as central figures. Their achievement was initially overlooked by feminists of the 1970s, but in retrospect can be viewed as a first step in subverting the dominant masculinity of Australian national identity.     

河本大作为策划"皇姑屯事件"致矶谷廉介等函两件(1928年4月)

今年是日本帝国主义制造"皇姑屯事件"谋杀奉系军阀张作霖图谋霸占我东三省70周年,本刊特选载于本件史料,意在揭露日本军阀侵华阴谋及野心,使国人继续保持警惕,认清日本右翼势力丑恶本质,努力建设社会主义现代化强国,使历史悲剧不再重演,强大的中国屹立于东方,成为捍卫世界和平的中坚力量.     

华侨华人与“一国两制”理论的提出、实践和发展

华侨华人与"一国两制"理论的提出、实践和发展有着密切的关系。"一国两制"理论是邓小平在会见华侨华人时首次提出和展开阐述的,并通过华侨华人迅速在海外传播,推动了两岸的交流发展。在香港和澳门回归中国前后,华侨华人坚持抵制破坏"一国两制"的图谋,肯定香港和澳门回归后的伟大成就,大力宣传"一国两制"的成功实践。新世纪以来,华侨华人在世界各地普遍成立"反独促统"组织,有针对性地加强了"一国两制"的宣传,与分裂中国的行径进行了坚决斗争,并在"一国两制"的基础上对中国统一积极献计献策,推动落实"一国两制"的相关工作。     

New Chinese psocids from Eocene Fushun amber (Insecta: Psocodea)

Zhang, Q., Nel, A., Azar, D. & Wang, B. April 2016. New Chinese psocids from Eocene Fushun amber (Insecta: Psocodea). Alcheringa 40, xxx–xxx. ISSN 0311-5518

Two new Psocodea, Sinopsyllipsocus fushunensis gen. et sp. nov. and Eotriplocania sinica gen. et sp. nov., are described from Eocene amber of Fushun City, China. They are distinctly different from all known Psocodea from Fushun amber in their three-segmented tarsi. Sinopsyllipsocus fushunensis is the second unequivocal fossil of Psyllipsocidae. Eotriplocania sinica is the first Asiatic and oldest representative of the Neotropical family Ptiloneuridae, and reveals a formerly global distribution of the family. The discovery of these two families in Eocene Fushun amber suggests a rather warm palaeoclimate for the Fushun amber locality.

Qingqing Zhang [qqzhang@nigpas.ac.cn] and Bo Wang* [bowang@nigpas.ac.cn], State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China^; Qingqing Zhang also affiliated with University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; André Nel [anel@mnhn.fr], Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB—UMR 7205—CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, Entomologie, F-75005, Paris, France; Dany Azar [azar@mnhn.fr], Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences II, Department of Natural Sciences, Fanar, Fanar—Matn—PO Box 26110217, Lebanon. *Also affiliated with: Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, PR China.