试论胶东地区史前文化的彩陶

通过对胶东地区的史前文化彩陶进行系统梳理和分析,初步厘清了其分布情况、不同时期的形制特征以及早晚年代关系。通过与大汶口文化和辽东半岛史前文化彩陶的比较分析,发现胶东地区的彩陶虽源于大汶口文化,但具有与之不同的地域特征,并深刻影响了辽东半岛史前文化的彩陶发展。     

史前陶灶的发展与演变

饮食是人类生存的保证,炉灶是生火做饭的基础。＂灶,造也,创造食物也（《释名.释宫室》）。＂作为饮食加工的基本器具,灶诞生于人类的童年时代,陪伴人类走过了漫长的历史进程,也经历了由简单到复杂、由低级到高级的发展演变,成为生活中不可或缺的物件。     

Explaining Shell-Tempered Pottery in Prehistoric Eastern North America

Explanations for the rise in frequency of shell-tempered pottery in the Eastern United States have vacillated between historical and functional accounts. Using evolutionary theory, the historical records of first appearance and diffusion are woven with physical properties of shell-tempered pottery that may have led to its selection. An appreciation of the scale at which change occurs and the units of analysis most appropriate for understanding that change is necessary for an explanation that can account for the widespread use of shell-tempering and the more-or-less coincident rise in its frequency. A hypothesis with empirical consequences is offered as a starting point for understanding this phenomenon.     

A Medieval Pottery Kiln at Audlem,Cheshire

BUILDING ACCOUNTS for 1398–99 give detailed costs of the construction of a circular, brick, free-standing artillery tower. The artillery towers at Southampton and Canterbury were linked to existing wall circuits, and detached forts in France may be more comparable to the tower at Norwich.     

长江下游史前刻划符号

长江下游史前陶器上的刻划符号处于中国字发展历程中从原始记事符号到字出现之间的过渡阶段,长江下游是中国明起源的中心之一。     

一部研究中国史前古城址的重要著作--读《中国史前古城》有感

20 0 3年由湖北教育出版社出版的马世之先生的力作《中国史前古城》 ,装帧精美 ,插图别致 ,用纸考究 ,全书给人以美的享受 ,散发着古代文明的清香。该书以研究中国史前古城为切入点 ,将考古材料有机地与古代文献结合 ,从一个侧面来研究中国史前古城的起源 ,探索中国早期文明的形成和发展。笔者读后 ,很受启发 ,认为这不仅是近年来研究中国史前古城址的一部重要著作 ,同时也是探讨中国史前古城、研究国家和文明起源的一部重要著作 ,值得所有从事历史考古研究的人员仔细品味和咀嚼。该书资料收集全面、详实。全书共 35万字 ,作者收集了 6 4座…     

吉林大学文物室藏古陶文

吉林大学文物室藏着一批古陶文实物 ,皆未经著录。作者按国别与时代 ,对这些陶文作了分类整理。文中对若干陶文的释读 ,提出了新的意见。     

The Evolution of Pottery Production During The Late Neolithic Period at Sialk On The Kashan Plain,Central Plateau of Iran

The prehistoric sherds recovered from the North Mound of Tepe Sialk were investigated using XRF, XRD and SEM/EDX analyses. These studies showed the occurrence of a gradual evolution in pottery‐making from the Sialk I to Sialk II periods, eventually leading to the production of bulk red pottery at the final phase of Sialk II. The relative similarity of compositions, homogeneous microstructures and the presence of high‐temperature phases demonstrated a high degree of specialization in the selection of raw materials and control of the firing temperature and atmosphere among the potters of Sialk in the sixth millennium bc , peaking at the final phase of Sialk II.     

Evidence of Prehistoric Scalping at Vosberg,Central Arizona

Four crania recovered during the 1970 Arizona State University field school season at a prehistoric site in Vosberg, Arizona show parallel clusters of cut marks characteristic of scalping with a stone knife. These victims were identified during a general survey of the Vosberg skeletons for evidence of trauma and pathology. The discovery of these four victims in the same atypical burial context provides clues to the nature of the scalping custom in the American Southwest prior to European contact and brings the total number of prehistoric scalping victims reported from the Southwest to 15 individuals. Perimortem depressed fractures in two of the crania, and the presence of a stone arrow point within the chest of one of the skeletons, indicates that the scalping of these individuals was the result of violence rather than medicinal or ritual treatment.     

新乡汉代彩绘陶器纹饰赏析

1985年以来,新乡市陆续在北站区的新乡火电厂、新乡水泥厂、郊区磷肥厂、王门村等地发掘汉代墓葬1000余座,其中西汉墓葬600余座.这些西汉墓中出土了一批精美的彩绘陶器.     

甘肃民乐五坝史前墓地发掘简报

为配合甘肃省民乐县五坝村道路工程顺利实施,甘肃省文物考古研究所、张掖市文物保护研究所、民乐县博物馆对五坝墓地所在一条东西向道路(墓葬密集区)进行了两个月的考古发掘。共清理史前墓葬53座,时代内涵丰富,包含半山类型、马厂类型、齐家文化与"过渡类型"遗存。对于构建黑水河流域史前文化发展序列,乃至探索河西走廊地区史前各文化或类型间的相互关系提供了新的考古学资料。     

中国史前音乐文化状况初探

作为人类古老的艺术形态 ,史前音乐包含于原始文化的统一体中。本文从考古学的角度对中国史前音乐的生成与发展状况进行了考察和解析 ,为了解原始文化提供了一个途径     

江西仙人洞遗址两万年前陶器的年代研究

陶器的出现使得人类生存和社会行为发生了重要转变。我们对江西万年仙人洞遗址出土陶器进行了年代研究、对陶片和碳十四测年样品层位关系开展地层显微结构分析,结果显示遗址出土最早的陶片年代为距今19,000～20,000年,比东亚和其他地区的陶器早了2000～3000年。洞穴内遗存证明这些陶器是在末次冰盛期由采集狩猎者所制造,可能被用做炊煮器。说明陶器在农业出现以前一万年甚至更早就被制造和使用了。     

A Spiritual Healing Mission Remembered: James Moore Hickson's Christian Healing Mission at Palmerston North, New Zealand, 1923

The 1923 world tour by the Anglican spiritual healer James Moore Hickson finished in New Zealand. Coming at a time of heightened interest in the phenomenon of spiritual healing, Hickson attracted large crowds and intense media attention. Because so many of those who came for healing came from outside the city, the mission at All Saints' Anglican Church in the provincial city of Palmerston North involved a disproportionate effort on the part of parishioners compared with other centres. So, although the number of permanent cures was not as high as was first hoped, and the mission did not lead to increased participation in church activities, the event became a significant part of the history of All Saints'. As elsewhere, some individuals were deeply affected, many claiming to experience a new depth in their spiritual lives. These individuals, and stories of the Hickson mission, encouraged openness to spiritual healing and charismatic renewal that continues to influence this particular church to the present day.     

Evaluating Fish and Meat Salting at Prehistoric Zhongba,China

Abstract

Cultural deposits at Zhongba, one of the most important archaeological sites in the Three Gorges Dam reservoir area in central China, provide a comprehensive perspective on diachronic changes from the late Neolithic through the end of the Bronze Age, or from ca. 2500 to 200 B.C. (calibrated radiocarbon years). Excavations produced large quantities of pottery, stone tools, small finds, and animal bones, which document the changes in the organization of specialized salt production and associated activities. The occurrence of large numbers of animal bones at a salt production site suggests that the salting of fish and mammal meat may have taken place there. This study provides one of the first detailed discussions of a faunal assemblage from this region of the world, allowing for preliminary tests of the “preservation hypothesis” through analyses of prevalence, diversity, and part representation of various taxa. Some, but not all, of the expected patterns consistent with the hypothesis of fish and meat salting were identified. It is clear that the increase in the importance of fish and in the diversity of mammals at Zhongba coincides with the increase in the scale of salt production.     

马家窑彩陶艺术的和谐之美

本文从马家窑彩陶的渊源、分期、彩陶概况、彩陶特征等方面阐述了马家窑彩陶艺术的和谐之美。主要从彩陶艺术中纹饰的抽象表达以及和谐应用方面论述了彩陶纹饰的艺术性,证明了马家窑文化在不影响彩陶实用的基础上,逐步增添审美的附饰和纹饰,不断使造型趋于美观,是新石器时代马家窑文化遗存中实用与审美的巧妙结合。     

The Pottery of Khirbet En-Nahas: A Rejoinder

Abstract

Smith and Levy (2008) have published an assemblage of pottery from the copper production centre of Khirbet en-Nahas in Jordan. Based on their interpretation of the ¹⁴C dates from the site and contra the accumulated knowledge on the ceramic typology of the Levant they argue that this pottery dates to the Iron I and Iron IIA, and that there was no later activity at the site. We show that much of the Khirbet en-Nahas pottery dates to the Iron IIB–C. We argue that the charcoal samples sent for radiocarbon dating originated from the waste of industrial activity at the site in the Iron I and Iron IIA, while the pottery came from a post-production activity in the Iron IIB–C — an activity that included the construction of a fort on the surface of the site. We propose that the fort was built along the Assyrian Arabian trade route, at the foot of the ascent from the Arabah to the Assyrian headquarters of Buseirah.