The President and the Public: Inaugural Addresses in American History

This article examines presidential inaugural addresses to gain a perspective on the changing relationship between the people and the presidency throughout American political history. The analysis suggests three distinct models of inaugural address—constitutional, party, and plebiscitary—each articulating a different understanding of presidential leadership and the relationship between the presidency and the people. The constitutional presidents see themselves largely as restrained, constitutional officers with a minimal relationship to the people. The party model yields a role for the president which is more tied to the people's will, especially as expressed through party. Even though tied more strongly to the public, party presidents recognize constitutional limits on their roles and powers. Plebiscitary presidents often eschew party affiliation and the guise of constrained constitutional officer, and cast themselves as engines of the American political system fully tied to public opinion. Plebiscitary presidents often make few references to other political actors or to the Constitution. Beyond helping us to better understand the contours of American political development, this analysis challenges the prevalent assumption in studies of the presidency that nineteenth-century presidents were not popular or “public” leaders.     

高丽文献中的蒙、丽"兄弟之盟"——事实、认同与话语

在蒙古将征服高丽正式作为目标前,高丽人出于对"夷狄"的不认同,不承认"兄弟之盟"事实的存在,代之以"约和""和亲"的话语.在将征服高丽正式作为目标后,蒙古人亦不承认"兄弟之盟"的存在,而以"投拜"话语置换.正式臣服蒙古后,同盟史与高丽人在认同背景下建构的臣服史之间存在张力,他们又试图对之进行重构或覆盖.但在某些关键时刻,高丽人又会将同盟史的记忆唤起,发挥其特殊功用.     

New Strategies for an Old Medium: The Weekly Radio Addresses of Reagan and Clinton

Charisma is one of the most common explanations for the success of political leaders in obtaining the support of the mass public. Yet authors employing the concept typically begin their analyses by simply assuming the presence of charisma, foregoing more rigorous analyses, including the consideration of alternative explanations for public appeal. Thus, charisma becomes a post hoc attribution, a residual category of explanation that is difficult to evaluate objectively. This article examines the concept of charisma in the context of the American presidency by testing for its consequences, including presidents obtaining unusually high levels of support, support from unusual sources, or especially intense and committed support, or successfully leading public opinion on matters of public policy. I particularly focus on the best-case tests of John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan. Unable to find systematic evidence of some special form of leadership that we might characterize as "charismatic," I conclude that the concept of charisma is neither salvageable analytically nor helpful empirically.     

蒙古国最后的驯鹿部落

在蒙古国与俄罗斯的接壤处库苏古尔省的查冈努尔地区,辽阔的大草原上散布着牛、羊、马儿和各种野生动物,一汪碧翠深邃的库苏古尔湖宛若一颗坠落草原的明珠,2700平方千米的宽阔湖面被茂密的针叶松林所围绕,不远处是海拔3000多米的峰峦,     

桐城派的阅读、知识谱系与流派风尚

桐城派效法韩愈的读书旨趣,逐渐形成独具特色的读书法。这也规定了桐城派的书籍选择范围,甚至推衍成独具桐城风味的书单。其书单的增删,能反映桐城派在不同时期的新气象及其酝酿的缘由。桐城派的说经实践又是其读书法的具体运用,“文本于经”“文能通经”“说经之文是古文”是其三个重要内涵。而对桐城派“空疏”的批评因此得以展开,这一批评直接影响到对桐城派学术品格的判断。由此还可以进一步得出桐城派的经典化与知识系谱建构一直处于“进行时”的结论。     

Stories in Space: The Geographies of Children's Literature

This paper argues for the uses of children's literature in the study of children's geographies. It focuses in particular on the nature of representations of urban space in children's literature, a genre more usually connected with the pastoral and explores the narrative strategies and approaches of children's literature which does venture into the city. I propose five modes in which the city is written for children and ask, from the position of literary criticism which distrusts children's stories' ability to speak for children, how far these modes can be said to coincide with children's lived experience of the city.     

AnAnalysis of Political Conceptual Metaphors in American Presidential Inaugural Addresses

By relying on the conceptual metaphor theory,after analyzing all American presidential inaugural addresses,the political conceptual metaphors in these speeches are singled out and their political functions are scrutinized.This analysis lifts the veil covering how metaphor works in politics and practically it can be of great help to decipher American politics and cultures.     

Motifs in The Arabian Nights and in Ancient and Medieval European Literature: A Comparison

This paper is a contribution to the ongoing debate about the origins of parallel motifs in The Arabian Nights and in ancient and medieval popular and learned literature about exotic lands of the East. This preliminary survey focuses on seven related motifs: the magnetic mountain, the congealed sea, flying griffins, automata and genies, the mysterious walled city, the living island, and the underground river. This paper is intended as a contribution toward a motif-Index of The Arabian Nights in order to facilitate further comparative study of the motifs involved.     

罗马帝国社会文化史新作——评《最后的古典：阿米安和他笔下的晚期罗马帝国》

从总体上看,我国对古代罗马史的研究相对世界先进水平而言,还有相当大的差距,这是无需掩饰的事实。但这种差距不应是我们深入研究罗马史的障碍,也不是裹足不前的理由。经过努力,我国学者在这一领域里仍然取得了可观的成绩,涌现了一些颇有见解的著作。叶民博士的博士论文《最后的古典：阿米安和他笔下的晚期罗马帝国》（天津人民出版社2004年版）就是最近的代表之一。这是一部颇有力度、很见功底的研究著作,本文试析该作的主要特点和成就。     

国外野生动物旅游研究综述

通过对国外野生动物旅游研究文献的梳理,本文发现,国外相关研究主要集中在野生动物旅游的内涵、旅游产品与供给、野生动物游客、旅游影响、利益相关者、野生动物保护及目的地管理6个方面,形成了以“旅游体验-生态环境-目的地发展”为核心的研究模式,并呈现出明显的环境价值取向和多学科参与的特点。     

环境解说评估研究综述

环境解说评估具有导向、鉴定、改进、管理、调控以及服务功能。国外的环境解说评估注重运用定性与定量分析结合的方式,研究内容包括：游客对解说媒体满意度和偏好、环境解说评估的方法和效果、环境解说的综合评估、环境解说评估标准等。国内相关研究起步比较晚,研究内容多为探讨解说效果和游客满意度,也有少量关于环境解说评估的理论思考以及评估方式探讨。本文认为,需要进一步扩展环境解说评估的对象,丰富环境解说评估的方法,加强前期评估和阶段评估的研究,并建立起环境解说标准。     

壶井荣《蒲公英》的文体及其主题考辨

长期以来,壶井荣的《蒲公英》被认为是一篇表现反战题材的散文。本文试图对该作品的文体及其主题作一考证和辨析,认为《蒲公英》是一篇小说,其主题具有多元性。本文还对该文译者身份作一点初步推测。