宋代佛教史学略论

中国佛教史学发展至宋代,出现了繁荣的局面。佛教史学著作数量丰富,各体兼备,并创造出纪传体、编年体教史和藏经解题目录等新体例。本文考察了宋代佛教史学的状况,指出世俗史学的刺激、皇家对沙门著书的重视与褒奖以及大藏经的刻印与流传是宋代佛教史学繁荣的原因。     

试论宋代佛教史学对后世文献撰述的影响

宋代是中国佛教史学发展的黄金时代。在此期间,佛教史学人才辈出,著述颇丰,在内容、体裁、史学观念的拓展上,都发展到一个繁荣阶段。本文主要从文献编撰、史学观念两方面探讨宋代佛教史学对后世文献编撰的影响,以阐明宋代佛教史学在中国佛教史学史上的重要地位。     

The Study of Chinese Historiography from the Perspective of Intellectual History

To promote historical research today, one needs to create a vigorous environment for historiographic criticism, to summarize the progress and state of all fields and topics of history, and to enhance the study of historiography. All these three aspects, which share similar characteristics, can be called “historiography.” Their essence is the basic method for deepening the study of historiography as a whole and refining its branches from the perspective of intellectual history. They can help us to form a healthy scholarly mechanism to review historical achievements, which would be crucial to the development of academic research. Translated from Nankai Journal (Philosophy, Literature and Social Science Edition), No. 2, 2004     

宋代官员分司制度

宋代官员分司主要有自请、责降、叙复和优待四种方式,神宗以前,自请和优待者居多,神宗以后则以责降为主。分司官有一定任期,但职事简单,并逐步虚化,直至全无,由此也导致了分司官之分司地与居住地由完全一致向完全分离转化。官员分司之初官职一般会发生变动,或升或降取决于分司方式。分司官可享有升转官资、荫补亲属为官等政治特权以及以俸禄为主的经济待遇,但分司官之间、分司官与现任官之间都存在一定差别,并因时而变。宋代官员分司制度既承袭了前代的做法,也有自己的创新,形成了比较完备的体系,但对宋代以后的作用并不明显。     

关于《宋史》中的若干问题

本文主要是对中华书局校点本《宋史》中的一些史实进行考辨,同时对《宋史》中的个别标点错误予以纠正。《宋史》是记录宋代史事的最权威资料,但山于其编纂仓促,流传时间亦久,难免有些失实之处。本文作者长期研究宋代文献,其作此文的目的,也是为使《宋史》中的某些讹误得以廓清。     

宋代监修国史和提举修史制度变化考

宋初沿袭唐、五代以来次相监修国史的制度,在仁宗朝变为首相监修的同时,建立起以临时命官提举为特征的修史制度,监修国史逐渐变成了一个徒有监修之名而无监修之责的虚职。元丰五年以后,监修国史之职不再除授,修史但以提举修国史系衔。南宋绍兴三年恢复监修国史制度,九年又恢复提举制度,使监修、提举分领日历和国史的修撰。绍兴二十六年,监修、提举为左、右宰相分领,遂成为定制,相位虚,则由参知政事权领。     

北宋急脚递的传递方式考

北宋时期,驿传分离,传递公文的事务由递铺承担,分步递、马递与急脚递三种。然而关于急脚递的传递方式是马递还是走传则众说纷纭。本文在有限材料的基础上大胆做一个推测,认为急脚递的传递方式本应乘马,但受马匹来源所限,至中后期以后不得己而采取走传的方式作为补允。     

‘High Politics’ and its Intellectual Contexts*

Recent interest in the historiography of ‘high politics’ has centred mainly on historians writing in the 1960s and 1970s, above all Maurice Cowling. Less attention has been paid to the modified agendas pursued by the next generation of scholars. This essay explores some pioneering attempts to make sense of the structural relationships between 19th‐century British ‘high politics’ and its ‘intellectual’ contexts, focusing on a cluster of seminal 1980s studies by the historians Michael Bentley, Richard Brent, Boyd Hilton, and Jonathan Parry. Together, these works demanded a fundamental rethinking of how Victorian politics operated.     

新旧之间:陈黻宸史学成就探析

作为20世纪初期的新派史家,陈黻宸在史著中已尝试着用进化史观来剖析历史,并能够从历史事实本身去寻找历史发展的原因。他在如何撰写民史方面也做出了有益的尝试,同时又对如何建设新史学提出了一系列独到的看法。     

The Millennial of Castile (1943): the historical culture of Spanish Fascism

The creation of new symbols and historical myths were common practices of nationalist politics, especially in Fascist regimes. In 1943 the Franco regime organized the most impressive historical commemoration celebrated in post-war Spain: the Milenario of Castile. With its heterogeneous mixture of history and spectacle, the Milenario of Castile was by far the greatest historical commemoration promoted by the State during the 1940s. Taking the commemoration of the Milenario as a case study, this article examines the historical culture of Spanish Fascism, as well as the attempts of the Falangist intellectual elite to impose a concrete national narrative in post-war Spain. At the same time, the article analyses the historical discourses and aesthetics displayed throughout the commemoration, underlining its Fascist character, and consequently the transnational dimension of the Fascist politics of the past. Finally, the article reflects on the scope and limits of the process of Fascistisation in Franco's dictatorship, especially in its commemorative culture.     

宋代女性阅读活动初探

宋代女性的阅读活动与重文教的社会风气、书籍的普遍流通以及士人的提倡等密切相关。在实际生活中,宋代女性的阅读内容非常广泛,主要包括儒家经典、佛道经典、女教典籍、家训、史书、诗词文、音乐、诸子百家、方技小说、天文历算、医药数术等;其阅读具有多元性、自主选择性及持续性的特点;她们通过阅读学习知识,并以多种方式作用于社会,对于提高国民素质、传承文明有着积极的意义。     

试论元朝宗教状况与道释画之嬗变

在元代短短几十年中,道教经历了一个大盛大衰的过程,中土本有的佛教也为藏传佛教所压制,中国画在这一时期则体现出比以往更多的文人气质。本文叙述了元代的宗教状况与宗教政策的关系,以及道释画在这一背景下所呈现出的不同面貌。     

J.G.A. Pocock and the idea of the ‘Cambridge School’ in the history of political thought

This article offers a reinterpretation of the origins and character of the so-called ‘Cambridge School’ in the history of political thought by reconstructing the intellectual background to J.G.A. Pocock's 1962 essay ‘The History of Political Thought: A Methodological Enquiry’, typically regarded as the first statement of a ‘Cambridge’ approach. I argue that neither linguistic philosophy nor the celebrated work of Peter Laslett exerted a major influence on Pocock's work between 1948 and 1962. Instead, I emphasise the importance of Pocock's interest in the history of historiography and of his doctoral supervisor, Herbert Butterfield. By placing Pocock's intellectual development in these contexts, I suggest, the autonomy of diverse versions of the ‘Cambridge’ approach can more readily be perceived.     

湖北英山"毕卅八"宋墓

英山县草盘镇发掘“毕卅八”宋墓,离“毕异墓碑”出土地仅500米,该墓的发掘反映出毕氏在英山草盘地区一带门庭兴旺,与毕异应视为同一家族墓地。其发现丰富了“毕异墓碑”深入研究的实物资料。     

宋代枢密院的失势与军事决策权的转移

学术界关于宋代相权削弱的观点,其核心论据是将枢密院视为分割宰相权力的一个建制,认为宋代军权由枢密院专掌,中书宰相无权过问,仅是行政首脑而已。其实,在两宋时期,宰相的军权自始至终一直存在,并且渐次加强;与此相对应的是枢密院的权力、地位逐步削弱,并最终沦为宰相的下属机构。这一局面的形成是由宋代重文抑武的基本国策所决定的。宋初面临的主要社会矛盾也决定了以枢密使专司军政的目的是分割、削弱枢密使权力,还政于宰相。     

宋代《左传》学概述

《左传》是一部伟大的历史作品,也是一部优秀的文学作品,历代对它的研究成果非常丰富,但是研究的中心大多集中在文本本身。本文则从文献学的角度出发,就宋代《左传》学的研究成果作一梳理评价,为《左传》学史的研究提供一个范例。     

The Mid-Tang Scholar-Monk Shenqing and His Beishan lu

Abstract

This article investigates the thought of the mid-Tang scholar monk Shenqing through an examination of his Beishan lu. In this work, Shenqing launched a fervent attack against Southern Chan, while pressing for the harmonization of the Three Teachings. His critique of Southern Chan reflects his Theravadin tendency, as he expressed negative views about Southern Chan's violation of traditional Buddhist teachings. He specifically attacked its de-emphasis on the vinaya, and the fabrication of the 28-Patriarchs theory of transmission. In an effort to establish the orthodoxy of Southern Chan in early Northern Song, Chan clerics found it necessary to respond to Shenqing's critique, as clearly reflected in the writings of the monk Qisong. Beishan lu is a valuable source for a study of Shenqing's thought, and the unfolding of the harmonization of the Three Teachings. It also allows us to trace the historical unfolding of the Southern Chan movement from a different perspective.     

略论唐代学术史的时代特征

唐代学术有其独特的发展环境和多方面的成就。从形式上看,唐代学术表现出浓重的注疏学特征;从内容上看,三教合流及趋向于心性之学是其时代特色。唐代学术是处于汉学和宋学之间的学术,这不仅表现在时代的自然连接上,而且表现在学术传承上。     

从族际交往到一体认同——20世纪以来的宋代民族融合研究

20世纪以来,学术界围绕宋代民族融合问题积累了相当数量的研究成果,涉及到各民族的迁徙、杂居、交往、融合以及中华民族的认同意识等各个方面。这些成果对相关问题既有开拓,又有深化,但同时也有不足之处。建议今后的研究应注重挖掘民族融合的媒介和少数民族史料、纵向融合与横向融合的交互影响以及加强相关社会背景的研究等。