京剧与晚清上海社会

1867年,京剧传播到上海,迅速盛行,成为晚清上海城市流行艺术.戏园观剧是上海市民闲暇生活重要部分,捧角和玩票也是市民乐此不疲的消遣;京剧女伶滥觞于上海,女伶登上城市戏剧舞台是晚清上海女性解放的重大成就;京剧及伶人与晚清上海社会变革紧密相连,京剧被赋予启迪民众的重任,伶人被视为教育民众的大师.以京剧为经纬可以勾勒出一幅晚清上海社会色彩斑驳的图画.     

"历史记忆与历史认识:日本右翼历史教科书批判"国际学术讨论会召开

2008年12月19-20日,在韩国东北亚历史财团支援下,北京大学历史学系举办了"历史记忆与历史认识:日本右翼历史教科书批判"国际学术讨论会.<抗日战争研究>执行主编荣维木、江苏省社会科学院研究员孙宅巍,以及北京大学教授宋成有、徐勇、王新生、臧运祜等6名中国学者,以及朝鲜社会科学院高正雄等6名研究员和韩国东北亚历史财团李薰等6名研究委员发表了论文.     

Analogien in Physik und Technik im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert

In this paper the use of analogies in physics and in technology is analysed. First the important role philosophically deep rooted analogies played in romantic physics is discussed. The work of Schelling and Ritter is treated in particular. Second the mechanical analogue models in the kinetic theory of gases and in electrodynamics are examined, as well as the severe philosophical criticism which they received. A sketch of the theory of the electron gas is presented as an example for the success and the shortcomings of analogue models. Finally mechanical and electric analogue models in technology are considered; moreover biological analogies in engineering research, and the principle of similitude as applied to model experiments in shipbuilding are discussed. The analysis of the historical examples shows that in the 19th and 20th century the word “analogy” is no longer a vague notion. It represents a scientific method, which, however, inevitably leads to both an extension of the original theoretical models and to special theories of mapping.     

北京民国政府时期中美贸易关系述评

中美两国双边关系从贸易开始,又由贸易推进和发展。中美贸易是中美关系的主体,它在各个时期的演变对双边关系的发展有着巨大的影响,以往有关中美贸易关系的研究虽然受到重视,但具体的考察不够。本文拟将1912至1928年中美两国间的贸易关系作为研究对象,对此间中美贸易状况作一具体的考察,并对这一时期中美贸易的一些特点和影响两国贸易发展的诸因素,作一简要述评。 一、近代中美商贸关系的发展和民国成立后的激增     

北京大学藏简牍编绳的显微分析

编绳是简牍文物的重要组成部分,但由于其易于降解,在出土时多已腐朽甚至不存,故而通常不被重视,在文献中迄今亦未见到相关科学分析。北京大学收藏的西汉及秦代简牍中尚留存有编绳残段。为了从科学的角度了解其材质以及劣变状况,并为简牍研究及保护提供参考资料,本研究综合使用形貌、偏光、组织化学等显微分析手段,对这两批编绳样品进行了种属鉴定及成分分析。结果表明,两批编绳样品性质基本一致:其质料均为苎麻,其中纤维素,半纤维素及果胶质已无法检出,木质素和脂蜡质残留,但木质素中的醛基已发生改变。此外,秦简编绳中含有寄生虫卵,可能归属于华支睾吸虫,这符合于当时的流行病学资料以及葬制。     

The sound of images: peddlers' calls and tunes in Republican Peking

Street peddlers were a common feature of city life in China well into the twentieth century. The presence of these small-scale, often single-good merchants can be traced back to earlier centuries. That they survived until after WWII reflects in part the state of economic development of China, where recent immigrants were prepared to take up the meanest, lowest-paid jobs to make a living. In Peking, thousands of peddlers roamed the streets, and more particularly, the hutongs where most of the population lived. They ceaselessly offered their goods and services to the residents, day and night. In order to attract customers and to entice them out of their walled houses and courtyards, peddlers uttered musical vocal phrases, sometimes in elaborate form, and more interestingly, they sometimes used musical instruments. In this paper I examine who they were, how they operated and what they represented to Peking's urban society. From this sketchy social portrait, I will move into a study of how the peddlers were represented in various settings of the pictorial records. Finally, I argue that peddlers were an integral part of a kind of street theater. This is not just a metaphor. Through their calls, songs, and music, peddlers created a constant flow of live entertainment in the street.     

"西南田野的当地经验"北大讲座录

2005年4月9日至11日,受王铭铭教授之邀,三位来自云南、四川地区的民族文化研究者在北京大学开办了讲座。讲座在北大英杰中心第三会议室举行,讲座人张锡禄先生(云南大理学院)、曾维益先生(四川平武县方志办)、马尔子先生(四川西昌民族研究所)就西南地区民族文化研究的个人经验展开讨论。讲座由王建民(中央民族大学)、刘铁梁(北京师范大学)、潘蛟(中央民族大学)、朱晓阳(北京大学)评议,讨论由王铭铭、翁乃群主持,听众主要由来自北京大学、北京师范大学、中央民族大学等校的博硕士研究生组成。本讲座录由曾穷石(四川大学)、岳坤(南京大学)、鲍文妍(北京大学)整理。