冀北地区东周时期北方文化青铜短剑研究

冀北地区是中国北方青铜文化的一个重要分布区,也是北方文化和中原文化的交错地带,其文化遗存非常丰富,尤其是东周时期的青铜短剑遗存最为集中,而且文化因素极其复杂。本文在对该地区发现的青铜短剑进行类型学分析的基础上,结合前人的研究成果,试图揭示这些复杂的文化面貌中所含的各种文化因素。     

也论西周铜器“邢侯所搏之戎”

《文物春秋》1999年第2期刊登了河北师范大学历史系张怀通先生《邢侯所搏之“戎”考》(以下简称《戎考》)一文。《戎考》在前人已有研究成果的基础上,广泛搜集史籍文献与地下考古资料,独辟蹊径,另立新说,这种勇于探索的科学精神无疑是值得充分肯定的。然而,《戎考》最后所作结论,即邢侯所搏之戎“就是在商亡后逃匿太行山中,以‘ ’为族徽的商人或其后裔”,实难以令人信服,且尚有诸多重要的理论性问题,可商之处颇多。故有必要对此问题重新提出,并进行深入、细致的探讨,以期求教于张先生与学术界的同仁。     

西周父盉的铸造技术特征及其保护处理

作者通过X光照相无损检测分析方法,搞清了西周癧父的现状;以及器物与体连接部位和盖内部的结构形貌,并主要介绍了该器物的铸造技术特征和保护处理方法。     

青铜瓶考识——以包山楚墓出土的“直颈平肩器”为中心

瓶是常见于先秦至汉代文献中的一种器物,出土青铜器中也有若干自名或者被学者定名为"瓶"的文物,但是这些器物要么名不符实,要么形制特殊,并未呈现出有规律的形制特征。1986年湖北荆门包山2号楚墓出土的青铜直颈平肩器,为解决"瓶"的定名问题提供了重要的线索。从器物的形态、功用以及在墓葬中的组合等方面综合分析,可以证明该类器物应该就是文献中所说的"瓶"。这种青铜瓶目前所见有16件左右,主要流行于战国时期。西汉早期以后,青铜质地的瓶走向了消亡,汉代的瓶多以陶质为主,为生活实用器,往往与井、灶等配套出土。另外青铜瓶在青铜礼器中的地位很高,其在形制上与战国秦汉时期流行的蒜头壶、青铜锺、投壶、等也有着明显的区别。     

退休制度——新时期干部人事改革的重大成果

在历史的新时期,中共十一届三中全会确定党的政治路线、思想路线之后,以邓小平为核心的中共中央立即着手解决党的组织路线——特别是培养接班人问题。在这个过程中,为解决中青年干部的进和老干部的出,建立了老干部离退休制度。这个制度立足现实,意义深远,是新时期诸多改革特别是干部人事制度改革的一项重大成果。     

The Patchwork and Adjustment of the Bronze Ding-Tripod of the Chu Tombs in the Warring States Period

The use of ding-tripod in Chu tombs was well established in the Warring States period and in most cases, it was strictly implemented. However, exceptions do exist. For example, in tomb of Marquis Yi of the Zeng state, archaeologists found two qiao-ding, which consists of two ding- tripods, one with a fitted lid and the other with a hooped lid. In the tomb No. 1 at Jiuliandun, a ding-tripod with a hooped lid was intentionally used and served as xu-ding. This paper attempts to understand burial rituals of the Chu state during the Warring State period by examining the tomb inventories (catalogues of funerary goods in the tombs) unearthed from the tomb No. 2 at Baoshan. It proposes that the use of ding-tripod in tombs was often adjusted according to the burial rituals.     

商代的楚蛮与西周初年的楚国

传说时代,江汉地区的古代居民为古三苗,三苗灭亡后,其遗裔在商周时代形成了楚蛮部族。商代楚蛮分布在以丹江库区为核心的鄂豫陕交界地区和汉东地区。西周初年,熊绎受封立国于楚蛮之地,汉东地区与楚国初封无关,则西周初年的楚国当在丹江地区,与丹淅说相合。     

Early Imports in the Late Bronze Age of South‐Western Iberia: The Bronze Ornaments of the Hypogea at Monte da Ramada 1 (Southern Portugal)

The composition and manufacture of Late Bronze Age metallic artefacts from funerary and domestic contexts of southern inland Portugal was studied. The prevailing trend comprises binary bronzes (10.3 ± 2.1 wt% Sn) showing deformed equiaxial grains, annealing twins and slip bands. The alloy composition is somewhat independent of artefact type, while the manufacture seems to rely on artefact function and the skilfulness of the metallurgist. The technological characteristics were linked with archaeological and chronological features, disclosing some artefacts of uncommon composition, such as low‐tin bronze bracelets (4.3–7.1 wt% Sn) associated with ornaments of exotic materials (glass and Egyptian faience beads, and also ostrich egg shell beads). The assemblage testifies to an archaic trade with the Mediterranean region before the establishment of the first Phoenician colonies on the southern Iberian coast.     

The Possibility of Provenancing A Series of Bronze Punic Coins Found At Tharros (Western Sardinia) Using the Literature Lead Isotope Database

A sample set of 42 bronze Punic coins dating from the third century bc and excavated in the Phoenician, Punic and then Roman town of Tharros (western Sardinia) has been used to test the performance of the literature lead isotope database and to establish a well defined provenancing procedure. A selection from the available database, including Cypriot, Sardinian and Spanish ore deposits, has been used. The complete assignment has been carried out twice, using both statistical methods (linear discriminant analysis) and the conventional raw data plots. Three major and one minor disagreements have been found, suggesting that the two procedures, when properly employed, may be acceptably compatible. Almost one third of the coins exhibit a characteristic Cypriot signature, whereas only very few samples are compatible with Sardinian ores. However, the majority of the coins (c. 60%) cannot be associated with any known source, which suggests the possibility of extensive metal recycling.     

The Chalcolithic Period of the Southern Levant: A Synthetic Review

In the southern Levant, the late fifth millennium to mid-fourth millennium BC—traditionally known as the Chalcolithic period—witnessed major cultural transformations in virtually all areas of society, most notably craft production, mortuary and ritual practices, settlement patterns, and iconographic and symbolic expression. A degree of regionalism is evident in material culture, but continuity in ceramic styles, iconographic motifs, and mortuary practices suggests a similar cultural outlook linking these sub-regions. Luxury items found in group mortuary caves provide good evidence for at least some inequality in access to exotic materials. The level of complexity in social organization, however, is still debated. Divergent interpretations of Chalcolithic socio-economic organization suggest that, with the large amount of new information now available, a reevaluation of the debate is due. In this article we synthesize the more recent evidence and weigh interpretations of processes that led to the widespread fundamental changes witnessed during the late fifth to early fourth millennium BC.     

李胜生博士与加拿大华人研究：社会学的视野

一李胜生 (PeterS.Li)博士是加拿大著名的华裔社会学家、民族和移民问题专家。他出生于香港 ,就学于美国 ,生活和工作于加拿大。1 971年在美国夏威夷大学 (UniversityofHawaii)获学士学位。 1 972年及 1 975年在美国西北大学 (NorthwesternUniversity)分别获硕士和博士学位。 1 971至 1 974年 ,在西北大学任研究员。 1 975年开始在加拿大萨斯喀彻温大学 (UniversityofSaskatchewan)任教 ,1 985年晋升为教授。1 981 -1 982年任北美西部社会学人类学协会 (WesternAssociationofSociologyandAnthropology)副主席。 1 983 -1 990年任萨斯…     

《师旂鼎》所反映西周的军法制度

《师旂鼎》铭文所记载的是一篇军法判例。本文根据铭文记载的内容归纳出西周有关军法制度的若干法律条文,这些条文反映了西周初期司法程式的完备,对西周法律制度的研究有重要作用。     

抗战初期杨杰等赴法寻求军援与孔祥熙等来往文电选(中)

２５、杨杰致蒋介石等电稿（１９３９年３月５日）重庆。委员长蒋：○密。并转孔院长。甲、合同草案原文……［下略］。乙、甲项括弧内之文字系职所加之说明,祈裁夺示遵。若蒙准办,请派专家随带职之全权证书及密电本多种,飞法协助。并请将欲订购军械之种类、数量详示,以便转告前途预备。丙、职在法进行借款,由张侃与黄正（驻巴黎总领事）密助,得到成功,拟请派为职之随员,继续工作,期底于成,请饬外交部密告顾大使妥为保证。丁、职本晨抵莫,进行担保,详情另呈。再职与阿氏约定于文日前确实答复,如有变更,彼便安排款项,以防损失…     

西周春秋吴都迁徙考

西周至春秋时期 ,吴都共有四次迁徙。周康王时 ,虞侯被封在江苏邳县加口 ,称“俎侯” ,春秋时为“”地。从康王时到西周晚期 ,吴国一直以俎为其国都。春秋初期 ,吴取邗国而建都于邗 ,即今扬州一带。邗为吴都一直到吴王诸樊时代。第三次和第四次迁都在吴王诸樊之后。诸樊与阖闾之都为秦时“吴县” ,即今无锡市西南 45里的闾江乡一带。吴王阖闾时所筑并所迁之都在今苏州市 ,其地本名即“姑苏”、“苏”。至夫差亡国之时苏州一直为吴都。