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1.
Gary Bridge 《Transactions (Institute of British Geographers : 1965)》2001,26(2):205-216
This paper proposes gentrification as an example of class habitus adjusting to a new field via a time-space strategy that involves conscious rational coordination of class agents on a new aesthetic 'focal point'. This approach suggests: (1) a much greater role for conscious rational processes in both the intentional and intuitive processes of class reproduction; (2) an understanding via gentrification of the symbolic significance of time-space in class processes; (3) the significance of individual class agents in the process of gentrification; (4) a view of gentrification that gives greater prominence to working-class taste and habitus. 相似文献
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This study documents long‐term changes in stature from the Mesolithic to the late 20th century in the territory of modern Portugal. Data utilised originated from published sources and from a sample of the Lisbon identified skeletal collection, where long bone lengths were collected. Mean long bone lengths were obtained from 20 population samples and compiled into nine periods. Pooled long bone lengths for each period were then converted to stature estimates. Results show three major trends: (1) a slow increase in stature from prehistory to the Middle Ages; (2) a negative trend from the Middle Ages to the late 19th century; and (3) a very rapid increase in mean stature during the second half of the 20th century. The political and territorial stability of the Kingdom of Portugal may have contributed to the greater heights of the medieval Portuguese, compared with the Roman and Modern periods. The negative secular trend was rooted in poor and unsanitary living conditions and the spread of infectious disease, brought about by increased population growth and urbanisation. Although the end of the Middle Ages coincided with the age of discoveries, the population may not have benefited from the overall prosperity of this period. The 20th century witnessed minor and slow changes in the health status of the Portuguese, but it was not until major improvements in social and economic conditions that were initiated in the 1960s, and further progress in the 1970s, that the Portuguese grew taller than ever before. Since the Middle Ages other European countries have experienced similar oscillations, but showed an earlier recovery in stature after the industrial period. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Cut Dewi 《International Journal of Heritage Studies》2017,23(6):587-600
This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of architectural heritage and its conservation in a post-disaster context by taking into account the interrelationship of form and function. To do this I borrow from the work of Laurajane Smith who argues that heritage is a cultural process linked to activities of remembering and identity formation. This definition requires us to move beyond the idea that heritage is merely tangible and asks us to acknowledge the importance of uses of material culture. Thus, I argue that the relationship between form and function should be central in understanding architectural heritage. The paper examines these issues with particular reference to examples from Banda Aceh post the 2004 Tsunami Disaster and, to do this, borrows some methods from architectural anthropology. The paper argues that the traditional architectural conservation practices, including adaptive reuse, that stress the importance of building forms should be expanded. Thus, the paper offers the idea of adaptive re-form or redesign where function is privileged to the extent that material form may be altered to accommodate the resurrection of traditional uses. This is practically important in post-disaster contexts and Southeast Asian cultural contexts, where materiality is viewed as impermanent. 相似文献
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Loretta Lees 《对极》2014,46(4):921-947
This paper discusses the urban injustices of New Labour's “new urban renewal”, that is the state‐led gentrification of British council estates, undertaken through the guise of mixed communities policy, on the Aylesbury estate in Southwark, London, one of the largest council estates in Europe. In this particular case of post‐political planning I show how the tenant support for the regeneration programme was manipulated and misrepresented and how choices were closed down for them, leaving them ultimately with a “false choice” between a regeneration they did not want or the further decline of their estate. I look at what the estate residents thought/think about the whole process and how they have resisted, and are resisting, the gentrification of their estate. I show revanchist and post‐political practices, but ultimately I refuse to succumb to these dystopian narratives, very attractive as they are, for conflict/dissent has not been completely smothered and resistance to gentrification in and around the Aylesbury is alive and well. I argue that we urgently need to re‐establish the city as the driver of democratic politics with an emancipatory agenda, rather than one that ratifies the status quo or gets mired in a dystopic post‐justice city. 相似文献
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我国自驾车旅游与旅游绅士化研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
近几年自驾车旅游在我国迅速兴起,成为一种新型的旅游形态,自驾车旅游者的中产阶层化特征明显,消费的自主性、独特性和炫耀性突出,他们的旅游活动对目的地产生了旅游绅士化效应。在分析绅士化的本质内涵和旅游业特性的基础上,对旅游绅士化概念进行了引申和再界定。通过对自驾车旅游者的绅士化和消费空间分异规律及其对接待地旅游绅士化作用的剖析,讨论了自驾车旅游与旅游绅士化的关系,并将自驾车旅游的旅游绅士化的类型分为:度假区类型的旅游绅士化、乡村旅游地类型的旅游绅士化和温冷景区类型的旅游绅士化。 相似文献
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ZOLTN KOVCS 《Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie = Journal of economic and social geography = Revue de géographie économique et humaine = Zeitschrift für ?konomische und soziale Geographie = Revista de geografía económica y social》2009,100(4):399-416
This paper examines the situation of inner‐city neighbourhoods in Budapest with particular reference to the post‐socialist transformation. After 1990 the political and economic transformation of the country generated far reaching changes in socio‐economic patterns within Budapest. Due to privatisation of housing, the liberalisation of the property market, and the growing presence of global capital, the inner‐city neighbourhoods have been rapidly changing their facades as well as their social milieux. Increasing concentration of corporate capital, a general decline of residential function, as well as the striking social polarisation of neighbourhoods have been the most important outcomes. This paper provides empirical evidence about socio‐spatial differentiation and the changing patterns of residential segregation in the inner‐city of Budapest. It is argued that social differentiation and polarisation of these neighbourhoods was not started by the transformation but existed before the collapse of communism. Extreme forms of segregation, including ghettoisation, are the outcome of neoliberal political and economic conditions and the weakness of the welfare state. The post‐1990 trajectory of some of these neighbourhoods and the dual character of the inner‐city strongly resembles patterns in US cities. 相似文献
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John Stephens 《International Journal of Heritage Studies》2013,19(1):99-107
Heritage is important for the social and cultural health of communities, whilst local stewardship of cultural heritage has the capacity to empower and recover cultural identity. This paper describes a recent project in Lakhnu – a small rural village in Uttar Pradesh, India – to restore a nineteenth century villa formerly used as the village school as an educational facility. In this discussion, we draw attention to the right of groups to manage their culture. The loss of cultural heritage is linked to a loss of identity. We argue that heritage projects have the capacity to empower communities to sustain their heritage and identity and provide useful places for social and material advancement through the concept of a shared ‘symbolic estate’. At Lakhnu, we plan to evoke grass-root conservation where local communities become the rightful stakeholders and decision-makers who are encouraged and facilitated in the realisation of their right to cultural heritage and to stimulate growth and build capacity for the community. 相似文献
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城市中产阶层化研究进展回顾及未来展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在回顾中西方中产阶层化的基础上,总结归纳中产阶层化的基本特征,强调中产阶层化具有周期性及时空性,从古典经济学角度、城市文化以及全球化角度对中产阶层化的理论流派进行研究,分析得出中产阶层化的主要研究内容包括:对中产阶层化的界定、中产阶层化的形成机理、过程、影响以及政府作用的研究,对中国中产阶层化研究未来进行展望,率先明确中国存在中产阶层化时空共轭性;中产阶层第一波普遍性等假设,并指出第二波的中国中产阶层化只有可能发生在某些特大城市中;在中国中产阶层化过程中,要正确处理好原住居民的动迁问题及后续的空间隔离问题。 相似文献
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中国快速增长的影子教育是否具有绅士化特征值得探讨。本研究以兰州市主城区影子教育机构为研究对象,就其2015—2020年绅士化过程及其形成机制展开实证分析。结果表明：①兰州市主城区影子教育呈河谷带状的多核集聚形态,选址具有典型的空间—社会接触性特征与空间—经济适应性特征。②影子教育绅士化呈现东强西弱的空间扩张态势,以高空间可达性—高经济适应性—高社会接触性的城关区核心地段最为典型。③影子教育绅士化现象是城市功能扩张更新、影子教育文化消费、地租资金准入、资本介入运作的综合作用结果。 相似文献
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随着旅游发展与城市化进程的不断加快,旅游驱动下的绅士化现象日益显现,并受到国内外学者的关注。旅游绅士化现象不仅发生在城市区域,近年来旅游发展也推动了乡村地区的绅士化。旅游绅士化改变了特定区域社会结构、居民素养以及人居环境等,也改变了旅游发展格局,进而影响区域社会经济发展。从研究内容来看,国外相关研究主要聚焦在旅游绅士化的原因、过程和影响等领域,而国内研究主要集中在旅游绅士化的概念、类型、阶段、原因等方面。国内外已有研究较多关注旅游绅士化现象,研究方法较为单一,在旅游绅士化形成机理、旅游影响等方面缺乏深入系统的综合研究。通过丰富研究内容、完善研究方法、拓宽研究视角、夯实理论基础来构建研究体系是未来深化旅游绅士化研究的重要目标。 相似文献
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Matthew W. Rofe 《Geographical Research》2004,42(2):193-206
The city of Newcastle is a complex and changing landscape. Once regarded as Australia's ‘problem city’, Newcastle's identity is being significantly transformed. This identity transformation draws significantly upon the emergence of more cosmopolitan landscapes within inner Newcastle associated with the gentrification of these areas. The discourse of gentrification is inherently post‐industrial, providing a cleaner and more positive identity as Newcastle seeks to erase the stigma of its’ industrial heritage. However, as landscapes are the amalgam of multiple identities, Newcastle's industrial heritage periodically re‐emerges to problematise the city's newly adopted cosmopolitan identity. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Following the adoption of a socialist market economy in 1978, the Chinese city has accommodated radical changes in its urban industrial landscapes. In contrast with the large-scale reuse of industrial landscapes in the eastern Chinese cities, inland China has been witnessing the rapid disappearance of industrial heritage. The disparity of heritage conservation outcomes across urban China raises questions about why some leading cities conserve their heritage better or more readily than others, and why the same planning ideas, policies, and practice borrowed from elsewhere cannot be easily transferred or copied in the western cities. This paper applies the relational and territorial approach developed in the literature of urban policy transfer and mobilities to heritage studies. By conducting a case study in Chongqing, this paper examines how industrial heritage reuse has travelled as a global concept with its Chinese precedents to Chongqing, and why the idea has been diluted in the local context. The Chongqing case reveals that the heritage idea has travelled globally and nationally from eastern China and has mutated in respond to local circumstances. It is thus argued that the consequence of industrial heritage reuse can best be understood through a combined approach of relationality and territoriality. 相似文献
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全球化竞争促使国家和地区不断扩大高等教育规模,加上住房市场的持续去管制化,欧美国家多数大学城镇出现“学生化”的现象,与此相应的城市地理学研究逐渐展开。从学生化概念的提出入手,回顾了西方尤其是英国学生化研究的简要历程,从学生化的现象特征、形成机理、后果影响、应对策略和学生化与中产阶层化关系等方面分析当前学生化研究的新特征。结合研究回顾,认为学生化的实证研究和理论构建尚处在探索阶段,且主要在中产阶层化的理论框架体系中进行。中国学生化研究应当结合自身背景进行概念界定与实证、理论研究。未来学生化研究将集中于四个方面：大数据等新技术方法在学生化研究中的应用、学生化理论体系的构建、学生化效应评估与应对机制研究以及学生化的国际比较研究。 相似文献
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Andrew Wallace 《对极》2015,47(2):517-538
This paper examines two potential lacunae in understanding low‐income residents’ experiences of contemporary state‐led gentrification via a study of neighbourhood restructuring in Salford, UK, 2004–2014. The first is the localised politics preparing the ground for neighbourhood “redevelopment” and housing demolition. The second is the blighted social landscape which emerges with the subsequent stalling of this project. A focus on “before” and “after” is adopted in order to disrupt the linear policy and “effects” temporalities that much qualitative gentrification research tends to inhabit. We see how state‐led neighbourhood restructuring does not simply displace, but carries residents from “empowerment” to abandonment and transfers them from active struggle into devitalised limbo. As such, the paper demarcates challenges and opportunities for resident mobilisation inherent in a vacillating urban renewal programme, powerful in its inception but which has since “hit the buffers” (Lees 2014, Antipode 46(4):921–947) in light of global and municipal fiscal crises. 相似文献
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20世纪60年代以来,中产阶层化现象逐渐得到学术界的关注。随着女性主义研究和社会运动的兴起,基于女性主义视角的中产阶层化研究日益得到众多地理学者的注意。本文希望将建构主义理论与女性主义地理学研究相结合,将之纳入一般化中产阶层化研究框架之内,继而构建女性主义视角的中产阶层化研究理论构架,以便进一步补充、完善一般中产阶层化理论体系。 相似文献
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随着国际金融海啸后社会经济矛盾的地理大转移,广大新兴市场化国家内城市新白领阶层的社会经济生境边缘化趋势不可避免。边缘化的新白领必然导致其中产阶层化历程的异化,与常规的中产阶层化特征、机制与社会空间后果相异。本文将新白领及其边缘化中产阶层化机理纳入中产阶层化一般化研究之内,继而构建新白领中产阶层化研究理论构架,以便进一步补充、完善一般中产阶层化理论体系。最终,希望为\"十二五\"以来面临新转型的中国大城市内城再城市化、更新和转型提供一些发展引导思路。 相似文献
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《Australian Journal of International Affairs》2012,66(2):169-185
The governance of Muslims in Singapore has been strongly shaped by the secular authoritarian state's commanding influence over Islamic institutions, such as the main religious bureaucracy Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (the Islamic Religious Council), and reliance on draconian legislation, such as the Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act (MRHA), the Sedition Act and the Internal Security Act. Inter alia, these laws attempt to inoculate religion against politics, regulate religious activity and restrain the development of an autonomous Muslim civil society. The contradictions associated with the MRHA and no-tudung (‘headscarf’) policy are analysed within the framework of the authoritarian state's assertive secularism. The significance of localised socio-economic and political grievances in motivating a small number of Singaporean Muslims in supporting radical Islamist ideology is also considered. 相似文献