1932: A Neglected Date in the History of the Decline of the British Liberal Party

There is an historical consensus that the decline of the BritishLiberal Party, whenever it began, was essentially complete by1929 or 1931 at the latest. This article suggests that the possibilityof a Liberal revival still existed in the early 1930s, but thatit was thwarted by the formalization of divisions between Liberalsand Liberal Nationals which took place in 1932. These divisionswere not accidental, but the result of clear calculations onthe part of the Liberal National leadership. It is further arguedthat the events of this year were important in determining theelectoral politics of the following three decades—dominationby a Conservative party which set out to stress its ‘liberal’credentials and to persuade the electorate that it was the logicalrepository for the country's still significant ‘Liberalvote’. Meanwhile, an independent Liberal Party survived,but one which was far smaller and less electorally powerfulthan might have been the case if the party had remained united.     

社会史学整合论

在学科本位理念主导下的社会史知识体系的建构,已经遇到了其自身所无法克服的困难,那就是碎割化的学科框架很难对社会历史变迁有一个全方位的认识。从狭隘的学科意识走向开放的问题意识,才是改变上述流弊的关键;而基于物质交换关系基础上所形成的人的关系网络,则“全息”性地蕴含了特定的社会历史内涵,对于社会史研究中学科方法的整合不啻是一个绝好的透视点。     

权力的让渡和主权的坚持:略析欧洲一体化中的“主权让渡”

欧洲一体化实行了一定程度的权力让渡和共享,但成员国仍然保持着主权,并主导着一体化。证诸欧洲一体化进程可以看到:一、所有的权力让渡都需要成员国全体一致同意,体现了成员国主权的行使;二、辅助性原则限制着权力让渡;三、偏向于政府间主义的机构间平衡,共同体/欧盟的决策/立法权始终掌握在由成员国代表组成的理事会手中;四、种种灵活性和例外,使成员国在权力让渡的问题上保持最大限度的自主性。     

浅析战后欧洲一体化理论

第二次世界大战以后,欧洲一体化的理论丰富多彩。如果按照民族国家在一体化中的作用来分,大致可分为超国家主义理论和国家中心主义理论。前者包括联邦主义、功能主义和新功能主义;后者包括邦联主义、政府间主义、自由政府间主义和民族国家选择论。本文对这几种理论分别进行了介绍和分析,以加深对欧洲一体化的理解。     

Rethinking European Integration in the Competition Domain

This symposium explores the causes and consequences of European competition policy. I make two points in this essay, which the authors of the symposium reinforce. First, European integration is best examined from a public policy perspective, which focuses on the course of action that European public authorities decide (or not) to take. Second, the workings of competition policy in Europe cannot be understood without examining policies both at the European Union level and at national levels. The main benefit of the approach is to encourage cross-fertilization across several fields. Concepts and tools from policy studies and comparative politics are used to inform phenomena that have been investigated until recently mainly by international relations scholars.