Enology Science and Technology Improve an Ancient Art

Abstract

The emerging science of enology is an interdisciplinary synthesis of chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, engineering and sensory analytical science. Cbemistry analyses grapes, monitors progress of fermentation and assures that the wine is stable and in conformity with legal specifications. Knowledge of the enzymatically mediated reactions of yeasts and bacteria allows control through external conditions, thus yielding berter wines. Their production also demand modern engineering methods and materials. Wine is made to be appreciated with other foods on the basis of its smell and taste, hence sensory analytical methods can control its production. Basically grape growing and winemaking must be a very ancient practical art because it would have required centuries to develop the sophisticated state depicted in the earliest written records of the third millennium B.C. Louis Pasteur provided the scientific basis for understanding enology and since his time enology has gradually moved from a practical art towards the science of enology. It is hard to imagine how wines of the future will be better than those we now enjoy, the finest ever produced. Certain it is, however, that they will be still better.     

Creation in Art and Science

Abstract

The proposition that the creations of art are unique (in the sense tbat we would not have had Timon of Athens had Shakespeare not lived), whereas the creations of science are inevitable or commonplace (in the sense that we would have had the DNA double helix even if Watson and Crick had not lived), has little philosophical or historical merit. For, this proposition conflates works of art and science (the texts of the play Timon and of the paper A structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid), both of which are unique, and their semantic content (the insights into human affects provided by Timon and the concept of the DNA double helix), both of which are commonplace as well as unique.     

志于道 据于德 依于仁 游于艺

志于道、据于德、依于仁、游于艺是古人圣贤对一个有着整全修养的日常生活比较全面的概括.志于道是向远处的企望引导,志于天道,使生活有超出日常繁琐事务的眼界;据于德是向近处的落实出发,据于人道,修行以达远方;依于仁是友人互相讲习促进,以明道修德;游于艺则是在六艺的领域中悠游自乐,在优游涵泳中成德达道.这些思想在中国的绘画、书法中也有充分的体现.     

The Medieval Manor of Penhallam,Jacobstow, Cornwall

THE remains of the medieval manor of Penhallam lie in a sheltered valley in the parish of Jacobstow, some 3 miles from the sea. It was one of the principal houses of the Cardinham family who held, under the king, the largest seignory in the county of Cornwall. Extensive excavation between the years 1968 and 1973 revealed substantial remains of a sophisticated manor house, standing within an earlier ring-work. The stone-built house was constructed in four periods during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. It was deserted in the middle of the 14th century and was gradually demolished. Mo remains of the buildings were visible above ground at the time of the commencement of the excavation. The site, now known as Berry Court, takes the name of a small homestead of probable 16th-century origin, standing on the outer edge of the moat.

There was no visible trace of the hall associated with the early Norman ring-work, but its existence is attested by the subsequent development of the site. Excavation revealed that there were stone buildings standing on the four sides of a courtyard. They comprised a hall, camera, chapel, service rooms, lodgings and a gatehouse. From these remains it was possible to obtain much information about the construction and development of a medieval manor house in the 12th and 13th centuries. Excavation of the 13th-century gatehouse and drawbridge well revealed the construction, assembly and operation of a counter-balanced bridge.

The excavation finds, attributed to the 13th and early 14th centuries, have been presented to the Royal Institution of Cornwall at Truro.     

杨家埠民间工艺文化旅游开发研究

杨家埠是一个民间工艺文化底蕴深厚的古老村落。久享盛名的杨家埠木版年画以此为渊薮,蜚声海内外的潍坊风筝从此腾飞,并且二者以此为沃土,日后成长为民间文化宝库中闪烁着奕奕光辉的两朵奇葩。除此之外,扎花灯、核雕、根雕、嵌银、草编、泥塑、布玩具等民间工艺也在杨家埠民间艺人的精心栽培下得到发展和壮大。直至今天这些传承了几百年的民间工艺在杨家埠仍然盛行不衰。     

Symmetry Its Significance in Science and Art

Abstract

Five types of symmetry are discussed: isometry, homoeometry, antisymmetry, colour symmetry, and symmetry of the most general kind. Examples are drawn from many different fields of science and art, including music and poetry. The inclusion of dissymmetry, or perturbed symmetry, is especially important in providing access to some of the most profound aspects of nature and art. Finally, the question of why symmetry plays such an important part in so many fields is raised.