Gender and mobility: new approaches for informing sustainability

Feminists have long known that gender and mobility are inseparable, influencing each other in profound and often subtle ways. Tackling complex societal problems, such as sustainability, will require improved understandings of the relationships between gender and mobility. In this essay I propose new approaches to the study of mobility and gender that will provide the knowledge base needed to inform policies on sustainable mobility. Early in the essay I survey the large literature on gender and mobility, teasing out what I see as two disparate strands of thinking that have remained badly disconnected from each other. One of these strands has informed understandings of how mobility shapes gender, while the other has examined how gender shapes mobility. Work on how mobility shapes gender has emphasized gender, to the neglect of mobility, whereas research on how gender shapes mobility has dealt with mobility in great detail and paid much less attention to gender. From this overview of the literature, I identify knowledge gaps that must be bridged if feminist research on gender and mobility is to assist in charting paths to sustainable mobility. I argue for the need to shift the research agenda so that future research will synthesize these two strands of thinking along three lines: (1) across ways of thinking about gender and mobility, (2) across quantitative and qualitative approaches, and (3) across places. In the final part of the essay I suggest how to achieve this synthesis by making geographic, social and cultural context central to our analyses.     

Border crossings: new approaches to the Irish border

This paper explores and extends recent work on the Irish border that has sought to redress the relative lack of attention to the social, economic and cultural dimensions of the border in contrast to its intense political symbolism. In particular it addresses the theme of border crossing as a way to consider the border in terms of its everyday dimensions and in terms of questions of conventional and reconfigured categories of identity shaped by borderland life. The first section of the paper outlines recent approaches to the Irish border and their relationships to the field of border studies. The second section uses new research material to explore the ways in which the border was experienced on the ground in the lives of those most directly subject to its changing nature over the course of the twentieth century. The final part of the paper addresses recent suggestions that those experiences may form the basis of new cross-border and cross-community ‘border identities’. The term ‘border crossing’ in the paper's title thus stands both for the issue of physically crossing the border whose difficulties and effects have been central to the lives of those who have lived near the border, and for recent arguments that shared experiences of the impact of the border may be the basis for new senses of identity and commonality that imaginatively cross the borders of old categories of religion, culture and political affiliation. Recent efforts to reconceptualise border identities are emerging within a context still dominated by more polarised perspectives on identity and history, but they represent one significant strand of engagement with the Irish border. They suggest possibilities for forms of border identities that co-exist with, run counter to or cross cut old categories of division and difference.     

Regional planning in Brandenburg: Putting traditional approaches to the test

The State of Brandenburg represents one of five states that together make up what was the German Democratic Republic. It is now only 6 years ago when its people demanded and accomplished the abolishion of an entire state that was based on a very extensive system of government planning and control. Since unification in 1990, far‐reaching attempts have been made gradually to transform East German society in all its segments and dimensions with the objective to ‘Westernize’ its structure and functioning. With respect to Brandenburg, this process of adaptation has only recently also extended into the field of regional planning. During the first half of 1994, the establishment of regional planning authorities in all parts of the state was completed. These authorities have been charged with the task of formulating regional development plans as a means of securing and improving the living conditions of their inhabitants.     

Introduction: recent approaches to pottery and society in the Southeast

ABSTRACT

This article discusses the themes of this special edition of Southeastern Archaeology on modern pottery studies and summarizes the articles included in this edition. Southeastern archaeologists increasingly are applying new theoretical constructs and techniques to ceramic studies. These new techniques, in conjunction with traditional typological analysis, allow archaeologists to approach the study of past peoples from a broader perspective.     

Gender,Vulnerability, and the Experts: Responding to the Maldives Tsunami

This article examines the initial response by national and international agencies to gender issues during the aftermath of the Maldives tsunami, arguing that it was, in general, inadequate. Some agencies took a gender blind approach, ignoring different impacts on men and women, as well as the effects of complex gender relations on relief and recovery efforts. Other agencies paid greater attention to gender relations in their response but tended to focus exclusively on the universal category of the ‘vulnerable woman’ requiring special assistance, whilst at the same time ignoring men's vulnerabilities. This article argues that such language entrenched women as victims, excluding them from leadership and decision‐making roles and as such served to reinforce and re‐inscribe women's trauma. It is suggested that it is partly because of the nature of international bureaucracies and the fact that this disaster drew foreign ‘experts’ from around the world that the response neglected or over‐simplified gender issues.     

元刻宋人别集

王状元集百家注分类东坡先生诗二十五卷 (宋)苏轼撰 题(宋)王十朋纂集 刘辰翁批点 东坡纪年录一卷 (宋)傅藻撰 元建安熊氏刻本.傅增湘跋.框高20.7厘米,宽13.2厘米.每半叶十一行,行十九字,注文小字双行,行二十五字,黑口,左右双边.     

宋刻唐人文集(一)

骆宾王文集十卷(唐)骆宾王撰宋刻本(卷六至十配毛氏汲古阁影宋抄本),(清)黄丕烈、顾广圻跋.框高18.7厘米,宽11.2厘米.每半叶十一行,行二十字,白口,左右双边.     

元刻元人别集(下)

伯生诗续编三卷 (元)虞集撰 题叶氏四爱堂诗一卷 (元)虞集、吴全节等撰 元后至元六年(1340)刘氏日新堂刻本(目录一至二叶影元抄配,卷中其他缺字影元抄配).     

元刻总集提要

迂斋先生标注崇古文诀三十五卷 (宋)楼昉撰元刻本框高15.3厘米,宽9.8厘米.每半叶十一行,行二十一字.     

宋刻唐人文集(三)

新刊经进详注昌黎先生文四十卷外集十卷遗文三卷 (唐)韩愈撰 (宋)文谠注 王俦补注 韩文公志三卷 宋刻本(卷十二至十八配另一无注宋刻本).框高21.6厘米,宽15.4厘米.每半叶十行,行十八字,小字双行同,白口,左右双边.     

宋刻唐人文集(二)

白氏文集七十一卷(唐)白居易撰宋刻本(卷三十二至三十三配明影宋抄本).框高22.1厘米,宽15.3厘米.每半叶十三行,行二十二至二十九字不等,白口,左右双边.     

The remains of the saints: the evidence of early medieval relic collections

This article explores the materiality of early medieval devotion to the saints. It argues that, even though most of the material objects themselves no longer survive, there is nevertheless much to be gleaned from surviving caches of relic labels about what churches believed they possessed. It exploits the same evidence to explore how types of relic‐objects changed over time, track evidence for the importance of oral tradition in their formation, and identify pathways of circulation. In demonstrating how churches curated the relics in their care, it pinpoints the active participation of scribes and relic custodians in interpreting and re‐interpreting them.     

元版元人别集

知常先生云山集五卷(元)姬志真撰元泰定二年(1325)李怀素刻本章钰跋.存三卷(卷三至五).框高23.4厘米,宽16.5厘米.每半叶九行,行二十字,白口,左右双边.     

Australian approaches to countertrade: State and firm responses

Countertrade (or barter trade) has become an important element of the international political economy in the past 15 years, and is said to typify the emergence of neo‐mercantilist tendencies in the international system. The implications for Australia arising from this alteration in the ‘rules of the game’ with respect to the international system are profound. This article explores how the Australian government, and Australian‐based firms, have responded to the emergence of countertrade. We demonstrate that in the absence of government leadership on the issue, firms have developed their own coping mechanisms of dealing with countertrade.     

A new synthesis: Resituating approaches to the evolution of human behaviour

Most anthropologists would agree that humans are simultaneously historical, biological, behavioral, and social. However, many researchers retain a relatively dualistic paradigm dividing anthropological questions into biological and/or social aspects. Many practitioners of Neo-Darwinian perspectives prioritize natural selection in all explanations of human evolution. Many other anthropologists refuse to acknowledge a significant role for biological features and biological histories in human action, sensation, and engagement. Both perspectives are misplaced. Incorporating emerging perspectives in evolutionary theory into the broader anthropological discourse may help discard simplistic dualisms and resituate our assessments of the evolution of human behavior. In this essay I review three major emergent themes in evolutionary theory; Multi-Inheritance Systems Theory, Developmental Systems Theory, and Niche Construction. I suggest, with one brief example, that placing these elements in transaction with other perspectives in anthropology might enhance the possibilities of assessing human evolution and behavior.