试论傅斯年的教育思想

试论傅斯年的教育思想马亮宽傅斯年一生的思想学术涉及许多领域,本文着重对他的教育思想,尤其有关高等教育思想观点进行初步探讨,敬请师长批评。一、傅斯年教育思想的形成中国近代是中国人民灾难深重的时代,同时又是中华民族觉醒、奋起的时代,尤其是无数的志士仁人为...     

傅斯年“史学只是史料学”思想辨析

傅斯年“史学只是史料学”思想辨析江心力傅斯年在１９２８年写的《历史语言研究所工作之旨趣》一文中明确指出：＂近代的历史学只是史料学＂,这一主张成为傅斯年史学思想的重要内容,在历史学界产生了深远的影响,厘清它产生的渊源及基本内涵,对于讨论中国近代史学史一...     

傅斯年与新史学派

傅斯年是我国近现代时期涌现出来的史学大师之一,对我国史学现代化做出了不可磨灭的贡献。众多名师大家均认为其史学思想受乾嘉学派、兰克史学等影响,却很少论及其与新史学派的关系。本文试从中外新史学派的兴起、新史学派对傅斯年的影响两个方面来论述傅斯年与新史学派的关系。     

傅斯年、陈寅恪与兰克史学

傅斯年与陈寅恪两位史学大师关系甚密,他们对现代中国史学都产生了深刻的影响.本文阐明近世西方兰克史学治史之旨趣,揭示了兰克给后世留下的两种印象,并侧重通过傅斯年、陈寅恪与兰克史学的比较,以说明他们两人所受西方吏学特别是兰克的影响.作者认为,傅斯年与陈寅恪史学思想的形成均有其共同的西学支撑,那就是兰克文学.     

傅斯年历史理论思想之现代哲学前提考释

傅斯年的哲学思想长期被学界忽略,导致片面理解其史学思想。他其实是一位具备深厚理论素养的理论家,不仅在历史理论研究方面身体力行,而且其哲学思想颇富现代特征。要真正理解傅斯年史学思想的意旨,消解所谓傅斯年思想的自身矛盾,必须将其置于现代科学/哲学思想的序列中,理解为一个具备连续性和统一性的理论体系。傅斯年反对的仅仅是近代理性主义意义上的历史理论,但实际上结合现代科学的整体知识观念,奉行演绎主义的历史理论。他的立场不是西方近代基于归纳法的实证主义,而是基于历史语境主义和演绎主义的新实证主义。在此意义上,他的思想是超越主客二元对立的,不仅不能简单地把他理解为那种狭隘的客观主义者,而且在他的理论体系中,主体性甚至更加不容忽视。     

“傅斯年学术思想的传统与现代”研讨会综述

正值傅斯年先生去世60周年之际,为了缅怀傅斯年的学术志业,推动和深化傅斯年研究,聊城傅斯年研究会和台湾大学共同主办了“傅斯年学术思想的传统与现代”研讨会,以此来纪念傅斯年先生。大会于2010年8月27日至29日在美丽的江北水城——聊城举行。来自中国社会科学院、北京大学、中共中央党校、北京师范大学和聊城大学等单位,以及来自美国、日本,以及我国台湾等地的专家学者50余人,共向大会提交论文30多篇。与会学者围绕傅斯年学术思想及相关问题进行了热烈讨论,以此来告慰这位杰出的学人。     

傅斯年的风骨

傅斯年是我国近代著名的国学大师、历史学家、学术领导人,曾任北京大学代理校长、国立台湾大学校长,有着＂黄河流域第一才子＂、＂傅圣人＂之美誉,被胡适称为＂人世间一个最难得最稀有的天才＂。傅斯年不仅博学多才,而且不畏权贵,堪称有风骨、有血性的知识分子的典范。1937年,傅斯年当选为国民参政会参政员,兼任西南联大教授。任职期间,傅斯年主张抗战,抨击贪官污吏,     

傅斯年学术思想述评

作为一个五四运动的学生领袖、一个历史学家、一个政治和社会评论家、一个学术组织者,傅斯年可能是20世纪中国思想界和学术界最充满色彩和最有影响力的人物之一。本文将从傅斯年的"古史重建"说、"夷夏东西"说、学术评价及其傅斯年的政治个体等四方面来论述傅斯年在中国学术史中的重要地位及深远影响。     

傅斯年的民族观及其在《东北史纲》中的运用（上）

＂造成一个国族＂并藉此＂将国民打成一丸＂,既是清末民初时期凝聚国族意识的政治思潮,也是以汉族意识高扬为核心的国家整合行动,更是在多民族环境下因应欧美民族国家建构潮流的政治思考和学术取向。傅斯年所处的时代,恰恰就是中国步入现代国家的时代,而一再关切＂书生何以报国＂的傅斯年自然不能不卷入这一时代潮流当中。本文在现代国家建构的背景下,以傅斯年民族思想和在《东北史纲》中的运用为核心,分析了民国初年国族建构思潮的历史脉络。     

傅斯年的史学思想

傅斯年的史学思想主要体现在四个方面,一是史学就是史料学,他认为史学的对象是史料,其进步要归功于史料;二是倡导绝对客观的历史学,否认史学应该为现实服务;三是坚持保证历史学的"客观性",需要借鉴自然科学的方法,实现方法工具的扩充;另外傅斯年也形成了一系列史学方法论,主要有历史比较法和思想史研究法。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.