Last out — First in

I first met Sir Granville Beynon as a first year undergraduate student at the University College of Swansea in 1953. I later joined his research group and was his postgraduate student from 1956–1959. This was a particularly exciting time in Sir Granville's career; he was heavily involved in the International Geophysical Year, 1957–1958, was appointed to the Chair of Physics in Aberystwyth (1958) and awarded the CBE (1959). I was the last student to complete a Ph.D. in Ionospheric Physics at Swansea and the first postdoctoral research assistant to be appointed in the new group formed at Aberystwyth. I have very fond memories of this period during which I received an excellent training in ionospheric physics and radio propagation.     

寻味made in——酒店之特别料理

你知道吗？在法国,厨师是属于艺术家的范畴。去酒店,不仅仅是为求一晚寄宿,更重要的是,尝一尝各大酒店中“卧虎藏龙”的食材,试一试名厨们的手艺,看他们如伺将当地和从国外空运来的食材进行搭配,创造出一道道美丽迷人的酒店料理。     

Hand in Hand——Chairman Leqoi Visits California

Nurtured by the moist winds of the Pacific Ocean, California is a beautiful American state. Among its famous cities, San Francisco is the one "most favored by Americans".On May 28, a group of Tibetan government officials and entrepreneurs arrived in San Francisco at the start of a 10-day-long friendship visit to the city and the state at large.Meeting Mayor BrownAccompanied by Wang Yunxiang, Chinese Consul General in San Francisco, the Tibetan delegation, led by Leqoi, Chairman of the Tibet     

History repeats itself—flooding in moray in August 1970

GEOMORPHOLOGY

The cycle of Erosion in Different Climates. By Pierre Birot. Translated by C. I. Jackson and K. M. Clayton. 9×6. 144pp. 21 figs. Batsford, 1968. 35s.

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY

Geography and Regional Administration. By T. W. Freeman. 8 ¼ × 5 ¼. 200 pp. 34 figures. Hutchinson, University Library, London, 1968. 13/6d.

BRITISH ISLES

Eday and Hoy: a Development Survey. R. Miller and S. Luther‐Davies. 10 × 8. 94 pp. Issued by Department of Geography, University of Glasgow, 1968. 12/6d.

EDUCATIONAL

The British Isles: a colour geography, J. B. Goodson, 10×7 ½. Pp 121, 284 illustrations. Nelson, London, 1968. 18s 6d.     

China's Tibet in My Eyes——Letters From Readers

ver the past 15 years sinceChina's Tibet (Chinese edition)was launched, we have receivedmany letters from our enthusiastic readers.They have made comments and given ustheir constructive views. While we havereceived bouquets, we have also received"brickbat…     

Recent progress in transequatorial propagation—review

Transequatorial propagation of HF and VHF radio waves is placed into three categories according to the physical mechanisms. Specular reflection off the underside of the anomalously dense equatorial F-layer is predictable by ray tracing and limited to frequencies less than about 60 MHz. Multipoint reflection from bottomside irregularities applies for the same radio frequencies but is associated with travelling ionospheric disturbances and spread-F traces on ionograms. This type of TEP may be used as a technique for studying some of the properties of bottomside irregularities. Ducted propagation of VHF waves depends upon high plasma density gradients and occurs along equatorial plasma bubbles during the evening hours. Observations on the ducted VHF mode relate to the behaviour of plasma bubbles.     

Computed tomography in paleoanthropology — an overview

Computed tomography (CT) was first applied in the early 1970s and introduced subsequently a new perspective towards anatomical imaging. In the last decade, high-resolution CT (HR-CT) had a high impact on anthropology and paleoanthropology through its ability to define and explore subtle differences in hard tissue structures in fossil and extant humans and nonhuman primates. CT is very suitable for unique fossil material, because it is destruction free and the original material stays intact while the internal structures are digitized. The imaging yields a virtual copy of the object, which can be used for the generation of detailed copies of original fossil material. CT data allow multiple studies in parallel and independently on specimens which are not commonly accessible. Diverse CT systems with different performance characteristics as designed for different functions can make it difficult for a researcher to choose the most appropriate CT system and to check the image quality of CT scans. The physical principles involved in CT imaging and the principles of signal processing and computer graphics can help to choose the best scan setting and the most suitable CT system for a study. Quantitative and qualitative analysis can also be improved and comparisons between different studies can be facilitated when the above mentioned principles are taken into account. In the following, I will give an overview of the different CT systems and discus both theoretical and practical matters of CT imaging using the example of trabecular bone.     

Winds in the ionosphere—A review

Winds in the upper atmosphere, and their effect on the ionosphere, are reviewed with an emphasis on information useful to ionospheric studies. The winds are driven by pressure gradients from solar and auroral heating, with some forcing by tidal energy from below. Simple calculations which balance the pressure gradient by ion drag and Coriolis forces are generally unreliable, so large-scale numerical models of the coupled atmosphere and ionosphere are required. The accuracy of these global models is limited by uncertainties in the energy inputs at high latitudes and at the lower boundary (about 90 km). The best current wind data come from incoherent scatter radar or airglow installations, at a few sites and for only a few nights per month. Satellite data are also available for several years, and results to 1989 are incorporated in the global HWM90 model. This seems acceptable for determining mean winds at night, less good during the day, and least good in the southern hemisphere where few data were available. Plots are given to show the mean winds at different latitudes and longitudes, for use in ionospheric calculations.Meridional winds alter the height of the mid-latitude F layer, causing large changes in the effective loss rate. This is the major cause of observed seasonal changes, of differences between the hemispheres, and of changes at different longitudes. An increased knowledge of the winds is essential for further progress in F region studies. Ionospheric data provide the most promising route, using routinely scaled parameters. The simplest calculations compare observed peak heights, obtained from M (3000)F2, with the value h_o predicted by simplified “servo” equations. Errors occurring for some hours after sunrise can be overcome using model results to define h_o this allows rapid and accurate wind calculations at dip latitudes of 23–62°. Winds can also be obtained from full model calculations, designed to match observed values of peak height or density.     

Roads in Shannan in My Eyes——An Interview With Shannan Highway Bureau Director Li Zhanying

He is a Tibetan who, however,speaks perfect Chinese. On his name card, the he uses a Chinese name: Li Zhanying.     

For the Illumination of Tibet——State Aid in Power Industry

The State Grid Corporation of China （the State Grid for short） is in charge of powerconstruction in the whole country. Attaching great importance to promoting the development of Tibet, it adopts the policy of aiding Tibet in projects, technology and cultivation of talents, playing an important role in the socio-economic development of Tibet.     

China′s Tibet in My Eyes——Letters From Readers

Over the past 15 years since China‘s Tibet (Chinese edition)was launched, we have received many letters from our enthusiastic readers.They have made comments and given us their constructive views. While we have received bouquets, we have also received “brickbats”, which, of course, we deem valuable for the improvement of our     

Venture Investments in Israel—a Regional Perspective

This paper analyses the geographic distribution of venture investments in start-ups in Israel, using data for the period 1995–2004. The findings show that their location behaviour differs from that of high-tech activities: they show a pattern of “dispersed concentration” (as compared with a pattern of “concentrated concentration” of high-tech activity), with high levels of concentration in focal places, but at a commuting distance from the main metropolis. This is explained by the fact that venture investors also play the role of entrepreneurs and managers. The comparison between different types of venture investors shows that local venture capital funds lead to the heaviest concentration in the metropolis, in comparison with foreign venture investors. This heavy concentration of venture investments implies increasing regional gaps, with a minimal participation of peripheral regions, even those that enjoy some high-tech activity.