青岛物流产业发展的空间竞争研究

物流是在网络信息技术支持之下,由运输、仓储、包装、装卸、加工和配送等环节所组成的,有形物品从产出源地到最终消费地的流动仓储活动。物流产业是推动地区经济发展的新型服务产业,是社会分工深化的结果。通过构建国际物流流程模型,探索港口城市国际物流的运作机制和一般规律;通过对三大港口城市进行港口-腹地关系的对比分析,揭示青岛物流产业发展所面临的国际和国内竞争;最后,结合青岛在区位、水深、腹地以及港口设施等方面的优势,提出青岛物流产业发展的方向及对策。     

从上海与北方关系的演变看环渤海经济崛起

上海开埠以后,在成为全国最大对外贸易口岸的过程中,把北方变成了它的间接经济腹地,带动了北方经济的外向化。进入20世纪以后,环渤海港口城市的直接辐射作用得到加强,促使该地区的直接对外贸易迅速发展,经济现代化水平迅速提高,并迫使上海的有效辐射范围从北方逐步向长江流域退缩。直接龙头取代间接龙头,是近代区域经济发展的内在规律和必然结果。它加速了环渤海经济的崛起,不利于上海经济的更好发展。     

论近代中国北方外向型经济的兴起

近代以后,我国北方广大地区的社会经济结构逐步由传统的农、牧、工、商业经济向现代外向型经济转变。这一嬗变与北方沿海港口尤其是天津港的开埠和发展,有着极为密切的关系。天津进出口结构的变化,则是北方社会经济这种变迁的主要体现。通过港口与腹地间经济的互动作用,近代北方外向型经济体系逐步架构起来。     

近代西北皮毛产地及流通市场研究

甘肃、宁夏、青海、新疆、绥远、察哈尔以及陕西的北部位于我国农牧分界线以北地区,是我国主要的皮毛产地,近代中国70%以上的皮毛产于这一地区。近代西北皮毛市场兴起是以天津开埠为起点。天津开埠后逐渐成为中国北方最大的港口和出口市场,其经济腹地不断由华北向西北延伸,带动了近代西北皮毛市场的兴起。近代中外贸易的主要特点是西方列强利用不平等条约对中国原料的掠夺。因此,在西北皮毛市场兴起的过程中,外商、洋行、买办起了先导作用。在近代西北皮毛的市场链中,以产地市场为基础,以中转市场为枢纽,以出口市场为尾闾,形成了比较完整的市场体系。皮毛市场的勃兴,对西北区域市场与国际市场的联系产生了至关重要的作用,增加了西北地区经济发展的现代化因素。     

天津开埠后的皮毛运销系统

开埠以后，天津及其腹地皮毛的运销系统，是随着天津外向型经济的发展和天津与腹地间货物运输方式的变化而逐步完善起来的。在这一过程中，天津皮毛的来源地区、营销方式、产销数量等都发生了巨大的变化。皮毛运销系统的逐步完善，极大地促进了天津外向型经济的发展。     

从货币流通量看清代前期的经济增长与波动

The eighteenth century was the heyday of Chinese traditional economic development, that the monetization and sharp increase in the supply of silver stimulated long-distance trade and the rise of regional merchants groups, and increased industrial and agricultural production all reflecting the overall economic development of this period. Along with commoditization and monetization of the economy, monetary supplies and government financial behavior had increasing influence on the economy. The shortage of monetary supplies gave rise to three economic depressions: the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Jiaqing’s reign, and Daoguang’s reign. This study clearly indicates that the scholarly debate over the “stagnation” or “growth” of the Qing economy perhaps merely depends on the period of time and aspect of the economy one examines. The two viewpoints can be somewhat reconciled. Translated by Feng Mei from Qingshi Yanjiu 清史研究 (Studies in Qing History), 2008, (3): 24–43     

长江三角洲主要集装箱港口扩张与竞争

伴随着全球经济和贸易的一体化发展,作为世界物流的最主要形式的集装箱运输也快速增长。尤其在长江三角洲地区,近几年来集装箱港口迅速扩张,各港口之间展开争夺腹地集装箱货源的激烈竞争。本文从长江三角洲主要集装箱港口设施建设以及集装箱运输的现状入手,通过该地区两大集装箱港口-上海港与宁波港对其共同腹地-浙江省的国际集装箱生成及流向的调查,引入腹地市场区位商的概念,分析两港口对浙江省集装箱货源的吸引力及竞争态势。     

近代天津城市边缘区的形成及其结构特征

During the first half of the 20^th century, when China experienced a new tide of urbanization, a tendency appeared, in which the upper strata moved to the urban center and the lower strata distributed over the marginal area, where poor people formed a new community. This marginal community bore distinctive characteristics no matter in spatial structure or in residents’ life style in the development of modern Tianjin. The lower culture from the marginal areas and the upper culture from the foreign concessions constituted an interaction urban cultural structure in modern China. Translated by Lü Chunjun from Tianjin Shifan Daxue Xuebao 天津师范大学学报 (Journal of Tianjin Normal University), 2007, (4): 37–41     

天津——近代北方经济的龙头

具有优越地理区位、便利交通条件和良好经济基础的天津,开埠后又利用通商口岸所特有的宽松环境、发展机会和广阔市场,逐步成为北方最大的对外贸易中心、工业中心和金融中心,成为近代北方经济的龙头,极大地推动了北方广大地区经济的现代化进程。真正充分发挥港口城市天津所固有的巨大经济优势和潜力,有利于今天北方市场经济的全面、健康、快速发展。     

政府行政不当的纠正与规范

参与国际市场竞争与规范政府行为,是当前和未来社会经济生活中的一个主题。然而,政府行政不当,是我国社会经济运行中所面临的一个重要问题。政府行政不当,会严重影响我国参与国际市场竞争的各项经济活动和行政工作的有效性。因此,要真正按照社会主义市场经济规律的要求定位政府的角色,加快行政体制改革,建立健全规范的行政法律法规体系和社会保障体系。     

民国时期乡村建设运动的农村改造模式

The campaign of rural reconstruction during the republic period was a comprehensive exploration of the changes in the traditional countryside. It establishes that the transformation of the countryside is a key issue in China’s modernization and attempts to find an effective way to connect the two. In political transformation, it promoted the system of democratic autonomy; in the transformation of agricultural economy, it advocated a joint-stock system with enterprise and market features; in the transformation of farmers’ quality, it tried to equip the farmers with basic modern cultural and technological knowledge. The characters above show a pattern of relatively systematic reconstruction of the countryside with modern significances. Translated by Li Dan from Jindaishi Yanjiu 近代史研究 (Modern Chinese History Studies), 2006, (4): 95–110     

The transformation of traditional Chinese guilds in modern times

As traditional business organizations that played an important role in China’s economy, guilds have faced unprecedented challenges in modern times due to the invasion of Western capitalism and the changes of the traditional Chinese economic structure. It was difficult to maintain the old guild rules, such as limitations on opening new workshops, recruiting new apprentices, etc. Thus, some guilds that insisted on maintaining the old rules fell into decline, while other guilds, either willingly or unwillingly, made reforms in their organization and structural function to adjust themselves to the new situations. The latter gradually transformed into the modern trade association. The different fates of traditional guilds proved that guilds had to reform properly and adapt themselves to new economic and social environments in order to survive in modern times. __________ Translated from: Jiangsu Shehui Kexue 江苏社会科学 (Jiangsu Social Sciences), No.2, 2004     

近代山东经济格局变迁研究——以港口与腹地互动为视角

19世纪60年代烟台、青岛、威海和龙口等港口先后开埠通商,口岸贸易使腹地工农业获得了长足发展,由此引发了山东省经济格局的调整,即经济轴心由沿运河纵向分布变为沿港口和铁路的横向布局。而且由于腹地与非腹地、腹地内部劳动地域分工的差异导致了省内经济发展的不平衡。这种格局对当代山东经济地理产生了深远的影响。     

Getting the China Story Right: Insights from National Economic Censuses

Two Hong Kong-based geographers critically interrogate competing interpretations of the nature and dynamics of China's ongoing economic transformation. Based on the data gathered from China's first and second national economic censuses, they examine the pattern and process of ownership transformation in the Chinese economy, focusing on employment, capital assets, and output as well as productivity and industrial innovation. Emphasis is placed on the following critical issues: (1) after three decades of opening, China's national economy continues to be dominated by domestic enterprises (with foreign and overseas Chinese-invested enterprises limited to only a few industrial sectors and highly specific locales); (2) the bulk of capital assets and key large-scale industrial sectors remain in state ownership; and (3) spontaneous, bottom-up privatization of the labor market has occurred without a corresponding privatization of the capital market. In examining these and other issues, the authors argue that the evolving, complex "China story" can be better understood only after abandoning reliance on preconceived theoretical models derived primarily from Western experience. They support their case by first challenging the conventional neoliberal view of privatization as an independent force or predetermined condition, arguing instead that it is conditioned by prevailing social and political influences. Likewise, they posit that rapid expansion of private and individual businesses at the grassroots level has owed more to relaxed state control than to active state involvement envisioned by the thesis of state corporatism. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: E22, E23, E24, O11, P20. 8 figures, 6 tables, 87 references.     

Economic growth and restructuring in Canada's heartland and hinterland: From shift‐share to multifactor partitioning

The geography of the Canadian economy has long been dominated by heartland‐hinterland contrasts, with manufacturing identified as the dominant function of most heartland cities in analyses of the 1961 and 1971 census data. However, the proportion of employment in manufacturing has been declining in the heartland provinces of Ontario and Quebec over the past fifty years and some geographers argue that the heartland‐hinterland dimension of the regional economy is being overridden by city‐regions that are integrated into global networks of production and trade. The heartland‐hinterland trends are examined using multifactor partitioning (MFP), an advanced shift‐share methodology, for the period of 2001–2006. This is the first intercensal period in which Canadian business has faced the full impact of the removal of North American tariff protection and the increased globalization of the Canadian economy. The data covers employment by eighteen industry sectors for the seventy‐three economic regions defined by Statistics Canada. MFP measures the region and industry‐mix effects, which are interpreted as in the traditional shift‐share model (though they are derived more accurately) and, in addition, an interaction effect. The results demonstrate that the broad heartland‐hinterland differences in the distribution of population and employment growth are increasing not decreasing and that the hinterland is in fact falling further behind the heartland in employment growth. However the Calgary‐Edmonton corridor and the Lower Mainland of British Columbia are emerging as a western heartland. The population size of cities does affect their rates of employment growth, but so too does their location: the growth of heartland cities is outpacing those in the hinterland. The Appendix provides the equations for two‐variable multifactor partitioning.     

Lost at Sea: Finnish government,shipping companies and the United Nations embargo against China during the 1950s

Finnish Cold War foreign policy was based on the desire to stay out of all international disputes. Yet, during the 1950s, two Finnish tankers, Wiima and Aruba, received an enormous amount of foreign attention when they tried to sail to Communist China. The United Nations had urged all countries, including non-members such as Finland, to stop selling strategic goods to China, which had intervened in the Korean War. The embargo created a highly profitable opening in the shipping market for anyone willing to transport such goods, and Finnish companies tried to fill it. This article suggests that they were in fact undermining the embargo more extensively than has been generally known. When the Finns were criticized for their actions, they interpreted this as a sign of the ruthlessness of great powers. At first, the Finnish government failed to recognize that these companies drove the country into the middle of international conflict and then took little decisive action to steer the country out of it. The allegedly pragmatic Finnish foreign policy was in this case actually based on unreliable information and incorrect assumptions.     

The expansion of water communication and transportation between north and south China during the Six dynasties

Although a split and turbulent age, the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern dynasties, known as the Six dynasties, witnessed a continuous expansion of waterway communication and transportation between north and south China. A significant waterway from Hangzhou to Tianjin held the greatest potential for development during this period, eventually leading to the construction of the Grand Canal in the Sui dynasty. __________ Translated from: Wuhan Daxue Xuebao 武汉大学学报: 人文科学版 (Wuhan University Journal, Humanity Sciences), Vol. 2, 2004     

边界效应与跨国界经济合作的地域模式——以东亚地区为例

边界是划分不同政治实体及其管辖地域的政治地理界线。国际边界对地区经济发展有屏障和中介两种效应,并在一定条件下可相互转化。从跨国界经济合作的角度,可划分出封闭型、半封闭型和开放型等边界类型,不同的边界类型对跨国界次区域经济合作的影响不同。边界效应在空间维上是可变的,通过空间扩散向腹地外延。文中图示了核心腹地、紧密腹地和边缘腹地三种类型。在经济全球化和区域经济集团化的推动下,开放型边界逐渐增多,跨国界次区域经济合作日益发展,成为区域经济集团化的一种重要表现形式。本文以边界经济合作发展迅速的东亚地区为研究样本,提出了边界跨国界经济合作的3种基本地域模式,即通道模式、贸易口岸模式和开发区模式,并探讨了各自在边界经济合作中的发展内涵及发展前景。     

Imperial power, gentry power and clan power: Western and Chinese cultural traditions in a comparative perspective

The differences between China and Western countries in human and physical environment has brought about two distinctive models of state. In the Chinese-style state of quasi-consanguinity, in which family and state have a similar structure, imperial power, gentry power, and clan power are the product of common ownership of consanguineous groups. The similarity in the structures of these three kinds of power derives from the fact that they are all restricted by the power of lineage generated from the self-sufficient small farmer economy, and must obey the conventions of ancestors which hold the benefits of the group as supreme. The relationship between these three kinds of power, is definitely not the one that is based on the division of power that is founded on individual private ownership in Western countries, where ‘public power’ and ‘individual private ownership’ are antithetic, but are three aspects of the patriarchal dictatorship that complement each other. Therefore, village rule in China and autonomy in the West are two totally different concepts, and gentry power is also not the ‘authorized power’ from the state. __________ Translated from the Journal of Tianjin Normal University, 2004: 1     

An overview of recent research on modern Chinese economic history

China formally adopted the policy of reform and opening up to the outside world in 1978. Since then, both economic practice and economic theory in China have undergone profound changes, and the academic study of modern Chinese economic history has been encouraged to expand its research horizons under the rubric of “liberating the mind and seeking truth in the facts”. A number of important monographs and essays have been produced and the study of modern Chinese economic history has entered a flourishing period. Current research focuses on two major topics: China's New Democratic economy and the planned economy during the period 1949–78; and, China's socialist market economy from 1978–2006. The study of these two areas shows numerous interconnections, points of comparison and causal links. The many and important lessons to be drawn from these studies both exhibit Chinese characteristics and have universal implications.