西宁市城市发展战略研究

面对新世纪以及西部大开发的历史机遇,西宁市要重新确立城市定位,以建设黄河上游生态城市和青藏高原区域性现代化中心城市为目标,高起点、高标准搞好城市规划,塑造高原城市新形象,实施开放带动战略、扩市提位战略、科教兴市战略和可持续发展战略,力争把西宁建设成青藏高原重要的交通通讯中心、商贸流通中心、科技化中心、经济与技术开发中心、优势资源精深加工中心、商住休闲中心和青藏高原生态建设、旅游开发的基地。     

广州南沙港在“南拓”中崛起

广州市为积极应对国际、国内环境发展带来的新的机遇与挑战,完善中心城市功能,进一步增强城市竞争力。强化作为国际性区域中心城市的地位,提出了“南拓、北优、东进、西联”的城市空间发展的构想,其中“南拓”就是要依托南沙地区丰富的深水岸线资源和土地资源。大手笔地建设南沙港。以港口为龙头,带动相关产业的发展,为实现大工业、大物流、大交通发展战略．在新世纪全面提升广州城市社会经济发展水平和区域战略地位,为增强国际竞争力奠定坚定的物质基础。     

基于国际酒店集团布局的中国城市网络连接度研究

截至2013年5月,世界酒店业300强中在中国形成网络化经营的20家国际酒店集团已在我国221个城市有布局。不同于以泰勒为代表的基于跨国生产性服务企业布局的城市连接度研究,本文以消费性服务企业中的国际酒店业在华布局为研究切入点,通过城市网络连接度测度发现:第一,我国酒店业城市网络已形成以上海、北京、杭州、西安为中心的层级体系,上海已具备成为国际酒店业首位城市和世界级旅居城市的条件;第二,在环渤海、长三角和珠三角三大经济区域中,基于国际酒店集团服务价值判定的区内和区际城市连接度水平存在较大差异,其中长三角地区连接度总和与均值最高;第三,在酒店业的全球生产网络中,中国城市的酒店业布局具有品牌层次的低端锁定特征,中心性和总部经济效应有待提高。     

世界上最早的城市

城市是人类社会发展到一定历史阶段的产物,它的出现往往被看成是文明产生的标志之一。根据美国学者的观点,衡量—个居民点能否称为城市右5个标准:一、城市与农村相比是有大人口的居民点,二、城市居民密度大于农村,三、城市的基本功能是分配,四、城市是交通中心,五、城市是需求中心。而按照比利时学者亨利·皮朗的说法,最早的城市起源于人类经济活动的市场或是军事活动的要塞。     

西方多中心城市区域研究进展

随着经济全球化的发展,城市功能及其边界不断扩张,城市区域日益取代城市成为参与国际竞争的基本单元。多中心城市区域是城市区域发展的新形态,它作为一种空间组织形式或者工具在欧盟的空间规划中得到了应用。目前,关于多中心城市区域的研究已经成为西方城市和区域空间研究的一大热点。经济学、人文地理学、城市规划学等学科都对多中心城市区域进行了研究,研究重点集中在多中心城市区域内涵和定义、多中心城市区域测度方法、多中心城市区域演进,以及多中心城市区域的功能等方面。     

大力完善城市基础设施全面提长阜阳综合功能——阜阳市建设委员会

近年来,阜阳城市建设工作坚持以科学发展观为统领,以建设区域性中心城市为目标。以加强基础设施建设为重点,按照把城市“规模做大、功能做强、环境做美、品位做优、形象做靓”的要求,全面实施了城市路网、园林绿化、沟河塘治理、灯饰亮化、污水处理等多项工程。初步改变了阜阳的城市环境和城市形象,提升了阜阳经济发展的承载能力。     

古代城市“以中为尊”整体空间特征源流综述——基于唐代以前城市考古遗址的发现与研究

中国古代城市以中为尊、左右对称、错落有序的空间格局特征是其传统文化内涵的关键因素之一,很大程度上反映了当时的社会治理需求。本文通过文明探源、考古学等方面的综合研究成果客观看待《考工记》等文献记载,追溯其思想源流和实践落地的实际情形。针对传统城市空间营造“以中为尊”的规划思想落实在城市规划的实践情况,梳理了中原地区为主的既往城市史研究成果特别是唐代以前聚落考古、城市考古的研究成果,提出三个几何特征和组合关系作为合理的判定要素,将几何判定标准与既有考古实证材料进行比对,阐述居中规划思想的源流及其对唐代以前城市空间格局规划营造的影响和演进总体过程,以推动北京中轴线的价值内涵比较研究,深化对传统城市轴线与传统古建筑群营造特征的认识。     

时空间行为与智慧城市专题研讨会暨第九次空间行为与规划研究会在南京大学召开

<正>2014年1月3-5日,由南京大学建筑与城i:卜规划学院、南京大学智慧城市研究院、南京大学人文地理研究中心联合主办,北京大学城市与环境学院智慧城市研究与规划中心、南京麒麟新城指挥部、《人文地理》编辑部协办的"时空间行为与智慧城市专题研讨会暨第九次空间行为与规划研究会、第二届城市信息化、智慧城市和空间规划研讨会"在南京大学曾宪梓楼隆重举行。本次研讨会吸引了60余位时空间行为和智慧城市研究领域的专家和学者,分别来自美国伊利诺伊大学、荷兰乌特勒支大学、香港大学、香港浸会大学、南京大学、北京大学、清华大学、同济大学、中山大学、北京联合大学、东南大     

20世纪90年代江苏省中心城市的增长模式和集聚扩散特征研究

本文计算评价了江苏省地区级中心城市的中心性,并利用重力模型划分主要中心城市腹地范围,通过分析人口密度函数的变化探讨了20世纪90年代江苏省中心城市的增长模式和集聚扩散特征。江苏省中心城市增长模式和集聚扩散特征存在南北差异。     

浅析1970年以来美国中心城市的发展

1970年美国人口统计显示郊区人口已经超过了中心城市,这意味着美国城市化发展历程中的一个重大转折:中心城市失去了大都市区中的绝对优势地位,郊区成为大都市区发展的主体.此后,中心城市的发展日益陷入困境:人口大量流失、就业向郊区扩散、城市衰败贫困、社会问题严重.这一状况引起了美国社会各界的广泛注意.城市危机的恶化势必影响到民众的安居乐业和整个社会的稳定,因而战后历届美国政府都采取了振兴中心城市的措施,力图有所作为①.学术界人士则批评政府政策缺乏稳定性和可行性,效用有限.     

Ghosts,Memory, and the Right to the Divided City: Resisting Amnesia in Beirut City Centre

Violently divided cities are incubators of ethnic conflicts. Under the auspices of postwar reconstruction, these cities are supposedly disciplined into peace through the regeneration of the city centre, including privatization, commercial adaptation and gentrification strategies. Such dynamics render city centre space amnesiac, with no reference to the history of sectarian violence, and exclusivist by limiting public access. Rather than foster peacebuilding, city centre regeneration exposes the dangerous weakness of the neoliberal peace built on accommodating ethnic and socioeconomic divisions. This paper connects Lefebvre's right‐to‐the‐city to non‐sectarian social movements’ struggle to forge participatory democracy in Beirut's city centre. A key aspect of these movements’ activities is to reprogramme memory—cosmopolitan and inclusivist—into the city centre, a project supporting peacebuilding.     

Impact of property rights and ownership on the development of Warsaw’s contemporary city centre

The paper raises the problem of the impact of unregulated property and ownership rights on the development of the city centre. It applies to Warsaw as a post-socialist city that has recorded fast economic growth since the country’s communist regime collapsed in 1989. We follow the course of changes in the city centre of Warsaw, in particular, those pertaining to land use and high-rise buildings for office use as investments that encounter difficulties under the unregulated status of construction sites and lack of clear regulations for private property restitution that was nationalized under socialism. To describe and explain the difficulties, we provide data showing the location of large companies and office buildings, and examples of conflicts as well. Unregulated ownership issues and property rights weigh on Warsaw’s city centre, now vastly dispersing and gravitating westwards, and prevent the district from rational and effective development.     

Functional change as an indicator of transformation near the old city centre of Istanbul

Over time, the residential areas close to city centres have experienced change in their function and social structure. In Istanbul a functional and social change is also observed, especially in the residential buildings near the historical city centre. This study investigated this process of transformation through a research project conducted in the southern part of the Istanbul Historical Peninsula (old city centre) and documents the recent functional changes in this district. It also considers the role of tourism in the process of inner city transformation. On the basis of the data collected during the study, proposals are forwarded for the future development of the area.     

Residential location,workplace location and car driving in four Norwegian cities

Based on a study in four Norwegian cities (Oslo, Stavanger/Sandnes, Bergen and Trondheim) differing in size and centre structure, this article illuminates how residential and workplace location, local-area density and transit accessibility influence different aspects of travel behaviour. We find strong effects of residential and workplace distance to the city centre on overall driving distances and commuting distances. We also find clear effects of local area densities around residences and workplaces on the choice of car as a travel mode, along with less pronounced effects of the distance from dwellings and workplaces to the city centre. In the cities with the best developed transit provision, we also see clear effects of transit accessibility at the residence on the propensity of choosing the car as travel mode. The results provide strong support of Norwegian national policies of urban densification as a planning strategy to curb the growth in urban motoring. However, although the influences of urban structure on travel show many similarities across the four cities, there are also important differences reflecting variations in centre structure (predominantly mono- or polycentric) and population size. The magnitude of the influences of various urban structural characteristics on travel behaviour are thus highly context-dependent.     

The Influence of Building Attributes on Residents' ‘Images of the Past’ in the Architecture of Salt City,Jordan

This paper presents an empirical study conducted in a small traditional city, Salt, Jordan. An investigation was made to examine residents' ‘images of the past’. The objective was to identify building attributes that influence these residents' images. A survey research design using multiple sorting tasks with open‐ended questions was used to identify these building attributes. The images were elicited through the observation of coloured photographs of a sample of older buildings in the city centre. Images of the past were examined within three content areas: knowledge of the past; date of construction; and character of the past of Salt City. The building attributes investigated were: contour, size, shape, surface quality, signage, visibility, use, and significance. The results of the study suggest that older buildings in the centre of the city evoked similar images of the past focused on public or social buildings along with residential settlement building. Attributes relating to images of the past were original use, date of construction, historic signage, and historic integrity. This study presents an approach for operationalising an image of the past.     

The gentrification of progressive red-light districts and new moral geographies: the case of Amsterdam and Zurich

Even though there is a long tradition of red-light districts (RLD) being concentrated within the city centre, gentrification policies in many European cities now aim at spatially dispersing the sex market (and its workers) to the fringes of the city. Moving RLDs out of the city centre (or transforming them into more-upscale entertainment provision) calls into question the physical place allotted to sex work in our cities, as well as the moral geography behind these decisions. This article examines urban regeneration processes in two particular European cities – Amsterdam and Zurich – both cities with a long history of progressive drug and sex-work policies where sex work has been part of the visible urban fabric. In the article we look at urban policies and the legal framework, as well as at moral reasoning and discourses around the legitimacy of moving sex-workers away from city centres. We argue that in both cities moral arguments play an important role in the legitimization of the transformation of the RLD which contributes to a new race and gender order that stigmatises sex-workers as a group as if they were all victims of trafficking.     

Intensification in the city centre: Barriers to implementation in Regina,Saskatchewan

As cities aim for more sustainable patterns of urbanization, intensification has emerged as a core planning strategy. In 2013, the City of Regina set new intensification targets: absorb 30% of annual population growth through intensification and add 10,000 residents to the city centre by 2035. In the decade since, implementation has been unsuccessful. This study explores the barriers to core area intensification in Regina by engaging with key informants through semi-structured interviews. Our findings identify the most significant barriers as soft market demand, a city centre that is unappealing as a residential context, insufficient political will, an absence of developers who specialize in core area intensification, and unfavourable development economics. These findings illustrate the unique challenges faced by mid-size Canadian cites in disrupting entrenched development patterns and driving development towards the downtown.     

西部大学城对未来西安市城市空间扩散的影响

本文在简单介绍了西部大学城及西安市城市空间扩散基本情况的基础上,具体分析了西部大学城对未来西安市中心城区用地面积,教育空间,人口空间,产业空间等方面的城市空间扩散的影响,并提出了在此过程中需要注意的问题及对策,为促进西安市城市空间有序扩散提供一种理论支撑。     

震撼的安纳托利亚古文明——土耳其伊斯坦布尔考古博物馆展陈

在世界历史文化名城土耳其伊斯坦布尔老城区的核心地带,有一座拥有一百万件藏品的大型考古博物馆。它那稳重的希腊式建筑风格的馆合,和老城区的整体风格交相辉映。伊斯坦布尔考古博物馆于1891年6月13日正式向公众开放,     

Pursuing the Peripheral Path? A Path-Dependent Analysis of the Frankfurt and Munich Fairs

As a result of increasing competition and internationalization, many Western European cities have invested in exhibition facilities. Surprisingly, many new exhibition centres emerge in the urban periphery. An assessment of the 34 largest exhibition centres in Western Europe shows that only 16 are still centrally located while 18 now have a peripheral location. This is a drastic break from the traditional location of these centres in inner city cores. Behind this observation of spatial change is a complex set of dilemmas about investments in current or new locations. A fresh analytical model (based on assumptions of path dependency) is constructed and employed to analyse time and place specific determinants and opportunities. Two contrasting cases are selected in comparable German cities. Frankfurt decided to renew its facilities in the centre of the city, whereas Munich opened a relocated exhibition centre in 1998. Based on these case studies, the paper concludes that there is no autonomous force pulling exhibition centres towards the periphery, but it is rather a misfit between the central location and new physical, functional, spatial, and institutional demands that causes a facility to move.