浅谈基本建设考古中的一些问题

基本建设考古是文物保护事业的重要组成部分,如何明确取费性质,如何规范工作模式是能否顺利推进基本建设考古的关键。     

云锦府发掘与新乡科技考古的探索

科技考古是利用现代科技分析古代遗存,取得丰富的潜在信息,再结合考古学方法探索人类历史的科学,属于考古学的分支学科。我国现在正处于城市基本建设的快速发展时期,各级考古单位发掘任务都很多,特别是市一级的基层考古单位,主要承担配合城市基本建设的考古发掘工作,普遍存在时间紧、任务重、人员少的情况,科技考古方面往往无暇顾及。     

考古硕果建设丰碑--"河南重点项目和基本建设考古成果展"简介

为突出反映河南省考古工作在支持经济建设方面的工作成绩,系统展示我省建国以来配合重点项目和基本建设的考古成果.2004年4月28日,由河南省文化厅和河南省文物局主办、河南博物院承办、河南省文物考古研究所等22家河南文博单位协办的<考古硕果建设丰碑--河南重点项目和基本建设考古成果展>在河南博物院隆重开幕.     

群众支持了文物保护工作

这次的"全国基本建设工程中出土文物展览会",可以说是四年来配合基本建设保护文物工作的一个总结,一项重大的成绩。获得这成绩的主要原因,是党和政府保护文物的政策已经和群众的爱国热情相结合,考古事业已经和国家的经济建设相结合,从而促进了考古工作中新生力     

方兴未艾的贵州基本建设文物考古工作

西部大开发战略的强力推进,给贵州考古工作带来了前所未有的机遇与挑战。贵州物工作正以空前的速度发展。在《物保护法》的指导下,运用基本建设考古配合的平台,加大对省境水电站、公路、铁路和其他基本建设物调查勘探、发掘及物保护的力度,将使贵州物资源得以有效的整合利用。     

2022年北京冬奥场馆周边长城考古工作述评

2022年北京冬奥会赛场所在地北京市和张家口市是长城资源重要分布区。其长城资源的保存状态、长度、类型、时代及布局特点均很突出。两地的长城考古研究肇始于20世纪初,多年来开展了一系列长城考古调查与发掘工作,取得了一定成果,但基础工作薄弱,成果学术性不强,对长城保护与展示利用工作尚不能形成支撑。而冬奥会的基本建设将在很大程度影响长城遗迹和景观的保护。两地文物部门应以冬奥会的基本建设为契机,依托长城文化带建设,组织长城资源补充调查与认定,开展主动性考古发掘,开展面向保护利用的前期考古勘探、价值研究、长城建筑与古代工程管理制度研究等,并及时公布研究成果,指导后续的长城保护实践。     

丹江口水库河南淹没区考古学术课题的思考

在基本建设工程中,围绕学术课题进行文物考古科学研究是加强文物保护的重要途径。本文根据丹江口水库河南省淹没区的文物分布情况和既往的文物考古研究成果,对设置学术课题的重要性和必要性以及设置学术课题的基础条件进行了论述,进而就所设置的几个主要考古学术课题进行了必要的说明和分析。     

洛阳关林镇唐墓发掘报告

2002年11月至2004年1月,洛阳市文物工作队为配合城市基本建设,先后在洛龙区关林镇中国储运公司802仓库住宅楼考古工地、洛阳市世祺房地产公司世祺嘉苑一期商品楼考古工地、河南省地矿局地质调查一队办公楼考古工地、世祺嘉苑二期商品楼等四处考古工地发掘出唐代墓葬共计61座。墓葬分布比较密集,其中中储802仓库工地发掘墓葬5座,世祺     

城市建设过程中考古勘探前置的意义与问题

2018年中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发《关于加强文物保护利用改革的若干意见》,要求“完善基本建设考古制度,地方政府在土地储备时,对于可能存在文物遗存的土地,在依法完成考古调查、勘探、发掘前不得入库”,考古勘探前置成了地方文物保护工作的新模式。而在此之前,西安等地已开始考古勘探前置模式的探索。文章旨在探讨该模式在城市发展建设中的成效以及其中存在的一些问题。     

考古发掘之后的文物保护

考古发掘是一项科学的研究工作,也是为了使地下埋藏的文物免遭建设性破坏的一种有效措施,有时则是一种不得已而为之的办法。多年以来,我国的考古发掘主要以配合基本建设工程为主,经过考古工作者的艰苦努力,大量的文物从隆隆的推土机下被抢救     

考古实践与理论思维——兼评《关于考古学文化及其命名问题》

区系类型理论的构筑和完善,考古学化的命名和作用,考古学类型和化的区别及其地位,化和族属的关系等等,凸现出20世纪中国考古学实践的主要特色,深入思考其中的成败得失,拓展考古学的理论思维,是中国考古学走向新世纪的必由之路。     

Liangzhu and Centennial Archaeology: The Underestimated Neolithic Age in China

The discovery in Yangshao, Mianchi, Henan in 1921 marked the beginning of modern Chinese archaeology. Nowadays, Chinese archaeology has gone through a full 100 years. Through the hard work of generations of archaeologists, Chinese archaeology has achieved sustained growth and development. Chinese archaeology has been advancing for a century and has made great contributions to the construction of Chinese history and culture. Archaeology has important practical significance in contemporary times. Archaeological exploration is not limited to discovering the past, but also lies in the thoughts of gazing at history in the current context. Chinese archaeology in the new era is committed to integrating the spirit of this discipline into cultural construction and social life, so as to learn the new by reviewing the past. After more than 80 years of archaeological exploration, many large tombs of the Liangzhu culture were discovered one after another, mainly including burial of jade, from the 1970s to the end of the 1980s. The ritual jade artifacts such as cong (a long hollow piece of jade with rectangular sides) and bi (jade disk), as well as the differences in the levels of tombs, all reflect the high development of Liangzhu society. The ancient city of Liangzhu was discovered in 2007, and the water conservancy system was confirmed in 2015, pushing the Liangzhu culture to the height of national civilization. In 2019, the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City was listed as a World Heritage site.     

新疆史前时期考古学研究现状

新疆史前时期考古学的研究,已经取得一批丰富的考古材料和科研成果。本文尝试概括1949年以来新疆史前时期考古学研究,进行一个研究历程的文献综述。就新疆史前时期的考古学研究文献进行梳理,具体考察新疆史前时期的考古学研究成果。试图了解当前新疆史前时期考古学研究的现状、特点,对未来的研究工作提出建议和展望。     

Seven Interventions with the Flatlands: Archaeology and its Modes of Engagement Contributions from the WAC-6 Session, “Experience, Modes of Engagement, Archaeology”

This volume is the product of the WAC-6 session, “Experience, Modes of Engagement, Archaeology”, which was part of the conference theme, “Archaeological Theory? Legacies, Burdens, and Futures.” The following contributions embrace emergent, analog, and paper-based media and move on from the worn observation that these media can be important tools towards active interventions that demonstrate how they affect practice and theory when employed critically and reflexively. This introduction orients the focus of the volume through a discussion and case study that place theoretical emphasis on experiences documented through multimedia. Important questions are raised throughout concerning: archaeology and digital representation, the creation and destruction of archaeological information, authenticity in representations, the construction of archaeologists’ identities, and the non-linearity of archaeological practice. The studies in this volume approach archaeology through the lens of experience and multimedia engagement. In doing so they blend or altogether question the traditionally divided realms of theory and practice. Consequently, these contributions work with the interrelated agendas of the present between media ecologies and archaeology, and the changing pace and character of archaeology in the 21st century.     

The Internationalism of German Castle Research: Bodo Ebhardt,His European Network,and the Construction of 'Castle Knowledge'

Abstract

Recent monographs and articles emphasize the strong impact of nationalism and racist thinking on archaeology. In contrast to the treatments which focus on single nation states and on archaeology as a politically legitimate science, this paper explores the tension between internationalism and racist premises in German castle research, and how it manifests itself in the construction of knowledge about medieval castles across national borders. I will focus on Bodo Ebhardt, Germany's most famous and influential castle researcher of the first half of the 20th century. The analysis of his scientific work, and of his personal contact with other European researchers as well as with German politicians and patrons, will shed light on the changes and continuities in his network, and in particular on his construction of the past that was influenced by the formation of this network, which, in turn, affected his assessment of medieval castles.     

江苏考古工作世纪之初的思考

20世纪江苏考古学取得了一系列骄人的业绩,进入新世纪江苏考古的体制建设、学科建设、人才建设以及在工作中的课题意识：团结协作精神等等都面临着如何与时俱进的新挑战。     

The archaeology of post-medieval death and burial

SUMMARY: The richness of post-medieval mortuary archaeology is explored through a broad number of cases, also identifying trends in research agendas and theoretical approaches, through time. This article considers the archaeology of burial and mourning; the osteological study of demography and health; the reconstruction of the individual biographies of the dead and hitherto marginalized histories, with a focus on the archaeology of the United Kingdom, but with reference to work which has taken place elsewhere, including Europe and North America, reflecting the past emphasis of Post-Medieval Archaeology. The growth of forensic archaeology is discussed, as well as technological developments in the study of the dead. Work on the ontological and ethical status of the dead in archaeology is explored. In conclusion, some of the major challenges to the field, including those of cross-disciplinary work and public engagement, are highlighted.     

WHAT I BELIEVE: DOING ARCHAEOLOGY AS A FEMINIST

I propose that a feminist approach will enrich archaeology in the Southeast and Midsouth. Feminist archaeology starts by taking the lives of women seriously in thinking about past human societies. This standpoint has implications for all topics of interest for Southeastern archaeologists: subsistence patterns, craft production, exchange, development of political systems, warfare, ritual, and so forth. Feminist archaeologists are also self-reflexive about and alert to conditions of work in the profession of archaeology. They pay attention to the importance of the intersection of gender, age, status, and other aspects of personal identity and to the need to accept ambiguity in interpretation. I review how a feminist archaeology might be applied to the archaeology of the South and what risks a feminist archaeology might raise.     

21世纪中国考古学的若干特点及发展趋势:从“中华文明探源工程”说起——王巍所长专访

21世纪以来,中国考古学呈现出新的学科特点和发展趋势。中国社会科学院考古研究所王巍所长认为,中国考古学随着自身的发展特别是在以"中华文明探源工程"及其各项阶段性成果的推进与影响下,形成了中国气派和中国特色,正朝着科学化、国际化、社会化、大众化的趋势和方向发展;中国考古学需要与国际考古界加强交流,博采众长,走向世界;作为一级学科的考古学的学科建设应是从文物管理机构到文物考古研究机构所共同担负的责任,需要形成一整套既符合中国实际,又顺应中国考古学发展的二级学科的设置,同时培养能够满足考古学发展需要的人才;公众考古是目前考古学新的发展走向,考古界需要转换意识和机制,培养专业人才,坚持考古的纯洁性和道德规范,以更好地服务社会与遗产保护事业。     

Remembering and Forgetting Sites of Terrorism in New York, 1900–2001

Abstract

This article assesses the manner in which terrorist attacks have been remembered and forgotten within New York during the twentieth century. As a 'global city', New York has frequently been the focus of individuals and groups seeking to promote their cause by attacking targets in the city, its businesses, its infrastructure, its organizations, and its citizens. By examining how these events were reported and subsequently incorporated or dismissed within both the urban fabric and the city's 'collective memory', this article addresses how violent terrorism is engaged with by society. Building upon the advances made within the study of modern conflict archaeology, this article examines the possibility of an archaeology of terrorism.