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Alex Keivahn Smith 《Iranian studies》2020,53(1-2):93-111
Iran’s rural mental health care system emerged in a context that included experiments in health care prior to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of a primary health care (PHC) system after the Revolution. Beginning in the 1980s, Iran integrated mental health care into the existing PHC system by treating mental illness much like a communicable disease. Iran advanced treatment options compatible with the existing system, added new training for existing care providers, and incorporated specialists. The integration of mental health care led to the rapid improvement of health outcomes. The integration also created the unintended consequence of privileging pharmaceutical treatments and overlooking mental illnesses affected by somatization. 相似文献
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Three cohorts of older Americans are examined to determine how they perceive the likelihood of being able to access health care in the future. A modified Andersen (1968) model provides the framework for the study. A representative sample of 2,404 noninstitutionalized midwestern older persons separated into three age cohorts (60–69, 70–79, and 80+) was used. Predisposing, enabling, and need factors were examined by logistic regression. Significant differences were found between age cohorts, with the perceptions of the oldest-old and the youngest-old appearing to be markedly more sensitive than those of the middle-old. Need factors of health and the respondents' perceptions of help they needed with instrumental activities of daily living, and enabling factors of community size and the barrier imposed by lack of transportation, combined to explain the perceptions of the oldest-old. For the youngest-old, the significant variables were bills, gender, barriers imposed by inadequate insurance, lack of transportation, and a perception that physicians charged more than allowed by Medicare. Recommendations are made for health care policy with respect to different age cohorts among the elderly, their families, and the rurality of the population. 相似文献
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《中国西藏(英文版)》1994,(6)
HealthCareServiceImprovesinAba¥byYuangJiajuandSongYongBeforeliberation,therewereonlysixpublichealthstationsandtwomissionaryho... 相似文献
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《Interdisciplinary science reviews : ISR》2013,38(3):183-190
AbstractThis paper presents an overview of some recent applications of methods of statistical physics to financial problems such as stock market behaviour and crashes. This field of research has seen intensive developments over the last ten years and is today known as econophysics. The first section of the paper oers a review of the main directions of research in experimental, theoretical, and applied econophysics. A second section then introduces a case study of physical modelling of a financial event, namely a stock market crash seen as a higher order phase transition. The model used is the Ising model in Bethe–Peierls (‘quasi chemical’) approximation. In spite of its minimal character, the model exhibits a statistical pattern of stock market prices consistent with that observed empirically. 相似文献
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Eileen Burgin 《Congress & the Presidency》2013,40(3):270-296
This article explores the role of reconciliation in the passage of health care reform in the 111th Congress. Although counterintuitive, the analysis suggests that the loss of a filibuster-proof super-majority with the election of Senator Scott Brown (R-MA) aided Democrats in clearing the overhaul package by facilitating the use of reconciliation. Reconciliation provided the critical procedural mechanism enabling health care reform to be enacted into law. Despite reconciliation's importance, substantively the reconciliation “fixes” were relatively modest amendments. Moreover, notwithstanding the use of reconciliation, Congress passed the health care legislation with largely conventional means—separate health care reform measures cleared the House and Senate in 2009, in 2010 the House approved the Senate bill, and then both chambers quickly passed the reconciliation addendum. This research draws on discussions I had with over a dozen key actors after health care reform passed. 相似文献
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《Eurasian Geography and Economics》2013,54(6):767-787
Two geographers specializing in China TYalyze that country's health care inequality from 1990 to 2008, for the purpose of: (1) examining spatial-temporal variations of health care inequality at multiple scales (the regional, provincial, and county levels); (2) exploring whether economic growth and transition to a market economy have exacerbated the unevenness of health care; and (3) analyzing the impact of health care inequality on health outcomes, especially mortality. The authors apply GIS-based spatial statistical methods to detect spatial-temporal patterns of health care, and use multilevel regression to examine the linkages between health care, mortality, and regional economic inequality, and ultimately to assess the sensitivity of health care inequality to geographic scale and examine whether reforms implemented to date have resulted in more equitable access to health care. The paper also demonstrates how the concurrent transitions of decentralization, marketization, globalization, and urbanization in China have interactively contributed to health care inequality and mortality. 相似文献
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农村合作医疗制度的历史考察 总被引:32,自引:0,他引:32
农村合作医疗制度是新中国农民在自愿互助的基础上建立起来的集体医疗保健制度。在20世纪50年代中期它随农业合作化运动的兴起而产生,1965年毛泽东的一月指示和“六·二六”指示推动其发展,1968~1969年《人民日报》组织的大讨论带来大办合作医疗的热潮。“文化大革命”后,合作医疗逐步实现制度化,但自80年代开始传统的合作医疗日趋萎缩。90年代以来党和政府为发展、完善合作医疗制度做出了很大的努力,进一步提出建立、完善新型合作医疗制度和医疗救助制度。农村合作医疗的实践积累了丰富的经验。农村合作医疗不仅是适合中国国情的保障农民防病治病的好办法,受到广大农民的欢迎,而且得到世界卫生组织的高度评价。 相似文献
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Bryan Sitzes 《Iranian studies》2020,53(1-2):43-72
Existing histories of public health in Iran often center on elite or urban narratives. This paper shifts the focus to Iran’s villages by examining the twentieth century public health history of rural northern Khuzestan. It argues that Khuzestani villagers desired, rather than resisted, modern medical services. However, vertical decision-making and the prioritization given by public health planners to economic concerns over social well-being led to the uneven distribution of services and failure to fulfill the expectations of Khuzestan’s villagers. This paper uses memoirs, official reports, correspondence, and other records from the Development & Resources Corporation, along with reports from Iran’s Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, to bring a richer picture of Iranian villagers’ twentieth century history into focus. 相似文献
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为农村居民建立健康档案工作在我国处于起步阶段,根据农村居民健康档案的特点,规范健康档案的管理和有效利用,实现对农民健康的动态和连续管理,发挥健康档案对农村居民健康管理的作用,意义重大。 相似文献
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《Family & Community History》2013,16(2):153-166
AbstractFor more than a century before the opening of Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (1852) children in England were treated by and even admitted to Voluntary Hospitals. Amongst the earliest English 18th-century records to give the patient's age, are held in Northampton General Hospital, in an archive dating from its foundation as the Northampton Infirmary in 1744 afford a fascinating glimpse into in- and out-patient child health. The hospital archive has recently rediscovered the 1743 Statutes, contemporary patient literature, minute books, contemporary engravings of the outside and inside of the hospital and menus. Thus we can speculate with a high degree of certainty as to what would be the then current Infirmary environment and treatments for illustrative examples of the children seen in the period 1744–45. 相似文献
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新时期农村合作医疗改革述论 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
新时期农村合作医疗经历了曲折的发展历程。随着家庭承包经营的推行,农村合作医疗迅速瓦解,覆盖率由20世纪70年代末的90%下降到1985年的5%。90年代初开始,党和政府努力恢复合作医疗,但重建工作一再受挫。农民自费医疗的境况带来了严重的社会问题。2003年初,新型农村合作医疗制度出台,这是又一项富有中国特色的社会主义制度创新。几年来的试点和推广实践证明,新型农村合作医疗制度符合我国的实际,对保障农民身体健康、维护社会和谐和促进经济发展具有重要意义。同时,建立完善的农村医疗保障制度需要各方力量的整合,任重而道远。 相似文献
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抗战时期根据地的疫病流行与群众医疗卫生工作的展开 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
抗日战争期间,日本帝国主义的侵略引起和加剧了各种传染病在中国各地的流行,造成大量人员死亡和生产力下降.人多是中国坚持长期抗战的基础,而病灾成为这个基础的严重威胁之一.在八路军控制的各根据地,起初由于各种条件的限制,主要关注于军队和党政机关的医疗卫生工作,而对群众医疗卫生工作重视程度不高.1943年以后各根据地普遍强调群众医疗卫生工作的重要性,初步建立了各级医疗卫生机构,提倡中西医合作,组织中医,建立医疗合作社,开展清洁卫生运动,在疫病流行时组织医疗队进行救治,取得了一定的效果.同时也加强了八路军与群众的联系,一定程度上普及了新的卫生知识,改变了乡村旧的医疗卫生习惯,并促进了乡村社会的政治动员.亦成为抗战时期乡村社会变迁的一个侧面,并为解放以后中国医疗卫生事业的发展积累了一定的经验. 相似文献
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The provision of adequate primary health care in developing countries is often troublesome. The problem is to provide a sufficient number of facilities to be geographically accessible, yet few enough to be properly stocked and staffed. In many less developed countries accessibility problems are exacerbated by extensive rainy seasons in which travel is only possible on paved roads. Using the covering tour model we investigate the use of mobile facilities to resolve this dilemma in Suhum District, Ghana. The model minimizes a mobile facility's travel while serving all population centers within range of a feasible stop. Computational results show that in the rainy season the model cannot provide full coverage; over six percent of the population is beyond a covering distance of eight kilometers. In the dry season, 99 percent of the population can be served by a tour at a covering distance of seven kilometers.Beyond a distance of four kilometers, the dry season problem becomes a trade-off between the distance traveled by healthcare patrons and mobile facilities. These results illustrate the importance of flexibility of mobile systems: if accessibility cannot be provided in all seasons it may still be provided at favorable times of the year. 相似文献