邓小平农民脱贫致富思想

邓小平农民脱贫致富思想 ,是以消灭贫穷论为基础和理论出发点展开的。它包括互相联系的三个组成部分 ,即农民脱贫论、农民致富论、农民扶贫论。邓小平的农民脱贫论揭示了农民脱贫的保障条件、农民脱贫的意义、农民脱贫的途径与方式 ;农民致富论阐明了农民致富性质、致富方法、致富道路、致富保证等思想 ;农民扶贫论包括扶贫的必要性和重要性、扶贫的基本思路及方法等方面     

From Dionysus to the Anti-Christ

Abstract

This essay is a reconstruction of Rene Girard's Christian apology in “I saw the Devil fall like Lightening.” It develops Nietzsche's antithesis between Christ and Dionysius which Girard identifies as the antithesis of modernity as such. Against Girard's own alliance with Carl Schmitt the essay adopts the Trinitarian point of view suggested by the author, in order to show that it is Erik Peterson's “Trinitarian” critique of Carl Schmitt's political theology of sovereignty which could fulfill the “true” aim of the author in fact much better.     

The Peasants Revolt of 1381 and the chronicles

This paper contains a textual comparison between the eight accounts of the events in London, June 1381. It reveals a close interrelationship between these accounts, and the author therefore provides a new evaluation of their reliability as a source for the events of the revolt. A stemma is proposed which, among other things, shows that the Anonimalle chronicle should be regarded as a secondary compilation.     

The Peasants Revolt of 1381 and the chronicles

This paper contains a textual comparison between the eight accounts of the events in London, June 1381. It reveals a close interrelationship between these accounts, and the author therefore provides a new evaluation of their reliability as a source for the events of the revolt. A stemma is proposed which, among other things, shows that the Anonimalle chronicle should be regarded as a secondary compilation.     

农民战争补说

站在新世纪的高度回溯近百年来的中国史研究,人们会感到一个明显的事实,即人们过于将历史研究现实化,赋予它意识形态的特性,而忽视了历史本身的性质。农战史研究就是一个鲜明的例子。上世纪初叶,在辛亥革命浪潮的波及下,太平天国研究一度兴盛,二三十年代短短20年间,出版的太平天国史著作近30部之多,在中国史学史上第一次出现了高度集中的学术论题;接着到来的新民主主义革命,则将整个中国历史上的农民战争史研究提到了相当的历史高度,人们简直就将历史上的农民战争看做是现实中国革命的直接序幕;新中国成立后的中国史研究,更将农战史研究装扮成一朵耀眼的明珠,40年间发表论文4000多篇,出版著作300多部,在史学研究领域形成了趋之若骛之势;而到了80年代中期以后,随着现实生活中阶级斗争问题的鲜有提及,随着农业国向工业国的迅猛过渡,加之建立稳定社会秩序的目标日益迫切,农战史研究则遭遇了前所未有的冷漠。从学术自身发展的要求出发,围着意识形态转的现象应该得到改变。对于传统的以阶级斗争为纲的农战史研究来说,今天是到了一个需要认真回溯、总结、清理并使之终结的时代。但中国是一个传统的农业大国,几千年的农业社会一直延伸进今天的时代,农民问题、农民的历史和现状,是我们认识国情的最为重要的方面。所以,抛开以阶级斗争为纲的农战史和农民问题研究、乡村社会研究等等,仍是一个需要深入开掘的领域。所以,我们今天重提农战史研究,希望从新的历史高度对之重新审视,用新的视角、新的方法和反思的精神,清理以往的研究,开拓新的思路,以期使被极度冷落的农战史研究,再次成为历史研究的新的生长点,并绽开出比传统的“五朵金花”更为娇艳、也更富有生命活力和科学魅力的史学鲜花。本期所选用的几篇笔谈短文,表达着编者对农战史研究复苏和新生的热切期待。     

A Workshop on European Peasants

Art critics and scholars have puzzled over the behavior of Pablo Picasso, Gerhard Richter, and Sigmar Polke, three important modern painters who have made frequent and abrupt changes of style. In each case, assuming this behavior to be idiosyncratic, the experts consequently failed to recognize its common basis. But stylistic versatility is in fact often a characteristic of conceptual innovators whose ability to solve specific problems can free them to pursue new goals. This contrasts sharply with the practice of experimental artists, whose inability to achieve their goals often ties them to a single style for an entire career. The phenomenon of the conceptual innovator who produces diverse innovations is an important and new feature of twentieth-century art; Picasso was the prototype, and he has been followed by a series of others, from Marcel Duchamp and Francis Picabia to Bruce Nauman and Damien Hirst. Versatility has furthermore been a characteristic not only of modern painters but also of conceptual innovators in other arts, and of conceptual scholars. Recognizing the common basis of this behavior deepens our understanding not only of twentieth-century art but also of human creativity more generally, for it adds a dimension to the contrast between conceptual and experimental innovators.     

从天上看西藏:壮哉美哉!奇妙的大地山川

许多人都有坐飞机旅游的机会,并能够从天上看世界,可是很少有人将所看到的画面拍摄下来。我们所以将这组作品推荐给大家,是想说明,当您乘坐飞机旅游的时候,千万不要忘了用相机留下那里的美妙、那里的精彩。——编者     

From the Parish to the Publich Realm

The parish church held a central place in local communities in the 18th century, both physically and symbolically; however, the institutions and practices governing the churches differed significantly between the Scandinavian countries. This article traces the development of local church government in Norway from its position under 18th-century absolutism to its inclusion into the new system of local self-government, established in 1837. It is compared to the very different institutions of self-government in Sweden in the same period. Although there were many lines of continuity within local government across the political dividing line marked by the Norwegian constitution of 1814, both local church offices and the parish community underwent conceptual changes related to the new constitutional system. Local church government therefore provides an example of how the notion of the population in general changed from absolutism to constitutional rule; from commoners in contradistinction to the state to communities constituting the very foundation of the state.     

武汉国民政府的农民政策

武汉政府时期形势错综复杂,面临的问题很多,其中农民问题是中心问题.各种政治势力纷纷提出自己的政策主张,并力图影响政府的决策.从政府决策体系和政府过程的角度,对武汉政府的农民政策的变化进行分析,是一种新的研究尝试.武汉政府的农民政策从积极走向消极直至反动,是当时各种政治势力和政治利益博弈的结果.     

从习俗到法治——试析英国法治传统形成的历史渊源

英国的法律体系经由习俗到普通法,再到议会立法三个阶段的发展,最终确立了英国的宪政体系和法治传统。在这一漫长的历史过程中,自下而上的法律渊源,诺曼贵族的法制努力,以及英国社会经济力量的变化和各阶层的抗争,都对英国法治传统的形成产生了巨大的影响。