银器文物防变色缓蚀作用机理的研究

为探讨银器物防变色缓蚀作用的机理,用AES和XPS方法研究了缓蚀剂在银表面成膜的厚度和各组分的化学状态,测测定了PMTA、MBO、MBI的普通拉曼光谱（NRS）,利用表面增强拉曼散射光谱（SERS）研究几种唑系缓蚀剂防止银器物变色的表面成膜过程,复合缓蚀剂组分与银的相互作用,并讨论了其防变色作用的机理,实验结果表明,PMTA,MBI和MBO与银表面存在着较强的相互作用,由于杂环结构的差异,不同缓蚀剂在银表面上呈现不同的吸附取向,形成了更为致密的防变色保护膜,在成膜溶液中,PH值较小时有利于缓蚀剂吸附,处理时间应不少于120min.成膜溶液和含缓蚀剂的硫化钠溶液中,银电极阴极极化时（外加阴极电位≤600mV的测试范围内）,复合缓蚀剂的SERS响应均随电位负移而增强,表明其可有效防止银在腐蚀介质中的变色行为。     

银器文物防变色缓蚀作用机理的研究

为探讨银器文物防变色缓蚀作用的机理,用AES和XPS方法研究了缓蚀剂在银表面成膜的厚度和各组分的化学状态,测定了PMTA、MBO、MBI的普通拉曼光谱(NRS),利用表面增强拉曼散射光谱(SERS)研究几种唑系缓蚀剂防止银器文物变色的表面成膜过程,复合缓蚀剂组分与银的相互作用,并讨论了其防变色作用的机理。实验结果表明,PMTA、MBI和MBO与银表面存在着较强的相互作用,由于杂环结构的差异,不同缓蚀剂在银表面上呈现不同的吸附取向,形成了更为致密的防变色保护膜。在成膜溶液中,pH值较小时有利于缓蚀剂吸附,处理时间应不少于120min。成膜溶液和含缓蚀剂的硫化钠溶液中,银电极阴极极化时(外加阴极电位≤600mV的测试范围内),复合缓蚀剂的SERS响应均随电位负移而增强,表明其可有效防止银在腐蚀介质中的变色行为。     

A Review of Volume 5 of the Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics,Parts III and IV

This paper reviews parts III and IV of the recent Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics. Many of the surveys within the Handbook relate to two phenomena of interest: the recent boom and bust cycle in U.S. housing markets, and the striking growth of home prices in a few global “Superstar Cities.” Real Estate and Urban economists have made progress in modeling these phenomena. There is considerable room for future research, however. There is no coherent story explaining U.S. home price movements in the 2000s that does not run afoul of important stylized facts. We also have not yet identified the relative importance of supply constraints and demand growth in the rise of Superstar City prices.     

The Series Formation and Interpretation of Old Testament Literature

A combined review of three volumes in the series Formation and Interpretation of Old Testament Literature. If these volumes intend to give an impression of the discussion among scholars of the Deuteronomistic History, and of the composition of the Pentateuch, the series is a failure, presenting mostly one side of the debate. On the other hand, the articles on the ancient reception history (nothing modern here) are excellent introductions into that discussion.     

《西域图志》所载镇西府、迪化州地区户口资料考述

《西域图志》中所载镇西府和迪化州地区的户口数被多数学者认为是乾隆四十二年(1777年)的户口数,笔者通过考证各州县的设置年代后发现,镇西府所属各县与迪化州所属各县的户口数并不是同一年的。在细致查阅中国第一历史档案馆所藏清代档案后证实,镇西府所属各县的户口数是乾隆四十一年(1776年)底奏报的数字,而迪化州所属各地的户口数则属于乾隆四十四年(1779年)或乾隆四十五年(1780年)的奏报数字。     

汉代华北的耕作与环境:关于三杨庄遗址内农田垄作的探讨

2003年,河南省内黄县三杨庄汉代村落遗址内发现有大面积的农田遗迹,其中保存有比较完整的旱田垄作形态。汉代聚落遗址内出现农田垄作这一事实,很容易使人联想到汉武帝晚期主要在黄土高原地区推行过的"代田法",现在已经有相关学者对两者作过初步的比较研究;三杨庄遗址内的农田在当时处于华北平原黄河下游的沿岸地带,受当地自然环境的显著影响,其垄作形态相对于"代田法"也出现了一些变化。在相当长的历史时期内,华北平原的自然环境与黄土高原地区一直存在着很大的差异,两地的农业技术也遵循各自独特的发展规律,因此,不能简单地认为三杨庄遗址内农田就是"代田法"的遗存;三杨庄农田遗址的"垄作"作为反映汉代华北平原耕作情况的一个珍贵个案,不会脱离春秋战国时期"畎亩法"的范畴以外,在研究中应该将"垄作法"发展的历史与华北平原的特殊环境结合起来,以探讨三杨庄遗址农田垄作的真实面貌。     

测量脆弱漆膜强度的夹具的研制及其在漆器修复中的应用

为了评价漆器修复过程中的回软程度,自行研制了一种能够表征面积微小、形态不规则的脆弱漆膜强度的夹具。该夹具与万能材料试验机配合使用,可对漆膜回软前后的强度进行定量测试。实验结果表明,陕西兴平墓葬出土的一明代漆棺残片,经聚乙二醇水溶液回软处理后,膜强度得到了明显提高,回软修复效果良好,该工作对亚浸水类型漆器文物的回软修复、保护具有科学指导意义。     

The Tertiary Turn: Locating “The Academy” in Autobiographical Accounts of Activism in Manchester,UK and Auckland,Aotearoa New Zealand

Abstract: Activists often strategically negotiate sectoral boundaries by switching between public, private and voluntary sectors over the life course in order to pursue their aims. This paper draws on a cross‐national study that explored the extent of this inter‐sectoral movement and the specific “career pathways” activists developed in relation to governmental, private and voluntary/community sector organisations. Using an analysis of 46 biographical narratives gathered from activists in Manchester, UK and Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand during 2007 we situate “the academy” in these life stories of activism. Teasing out from these accounts the motivations behind a turn towards tertiary education at particular moments we examine how “academia” supports and sustains individual activists while legitimising and professionalising their activism. In so doing, we track the tactical transfer of knowledge, skills and expertise effected by contact with “the academy” to make substantive and conceptual claims around the future role universities might play in the knowledge economy.     

康熙制作、赏赐松花石砚考

对康熙朝制作松花石砚的具体起始时间,学界有不同看法,作者通过深入考察康熙三四十年代松花石砚的制作发展过程,讨论了康熙朝松花石砚的发展史。作者通过分析提出两阶段说,特别是使用奏折等资料,梳理了康熙帝赏赐松花石砚的状况,揭示了赏赐对调节君臣关系的作用。康熙帝制砚、赏砚的行为被子孙所仿效,形成了清代特有的砚的政治文化。康熙帝制作松花石砚有认同中国传统文化以及建构自身优秀文化的政治深意。     

Edward Abramowski's concept of stateless socialism and its impact on progressive social movements in Poland in the twentieth century

The author traces the impact of Abramowski's ideas on the recent history of Poland. His concepts were not only popular in the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) and the syndicalist movement in the interwar period (1918–1939), but they also exerted a profound influence on the cooperative movement and democratic left-wing opposition in the 1970s and 1980s. The leaders of the Workers’ Defence Committee (KOR) were much influenced by Abramowski's ideas and, according to some researchers, the Solidarity movement from 1980 to 1981 in Poland was the culmination of his concepts. Today's anti-systemic movements in Poland (anarchists, syndicalists, alter-globalists) are also inspired by Abramowski. The author also draws attention to certain similarities between Abramowski's ideas, Kropotkin's idea, Gramsci's concept of civil society and the thought of the young Marx. The author also outlines Abramowski's social ideas in the context of ideas promoted by the main theoreticians of the Polish left in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.     

Professionalising Teaching: enhancing the status of teaching,improving the experience of learning and supporting innovation in higher education

Extant literature on professions suggests that there is a readily recognisable set of characteristics of a profession, but this is a contested issue, particularly in the area of recognising the professionalism of those who teach and support learning in higher education. In the UK, the Institute for Learning and Teaching was set up as a result of the Dearing report to recognise the experience and expertise of those working in these areas. The ILT offers a model for professionalising teaching, to which continuous professional development (CPD) is key. Geographers and those who teach related subjects are already in the vanguard of this activity.     

Sumozhe Suppressed,Huntuo Halted: An Investigation into the Nature and Stakes of the Cold-Splashing Sogdian Festal Dramas Performed in Early Eighth Century Tang China

This article investigates two specific dramatic elements-the huntuo 渾脫 and the sumozhe蘇摩遮-at the core of the controversial "cold-splashing Sogdian plays" (pohan huxi潑寒胡戲).The huntuo could be a felt hat,an oilcloth,a pelt headdress,or a theatrical striptease.With deep multicultural roots,the sumozhe (samāja) combined masquerade,ambulatory drama,dance,and music into a boisterous spectacle.In addition to examining the high cultural stakes underlying the public performance and imperial support (or prohibition) of these plays in early eighth century Tang China,this essay proposes a link between these hibernal festal dramas and Turkish K(o)se plays.