汉字同日本语教育

汉字同日本语教育崔一、汉字是日本语言文字的基础众所周知,汉字本来是中国的文字,大约在公元四世纪前后经朝鲜半岛传入日本。日本人第一次有了自己的文字——万叶假名。汉字的传入可以说是一场重大的革命,使日本在各个方面都产生了深远的影响。它不仅丰富了日本的语...     

小学蒙语文教学浅论

正一、创设学习氛围,加强对蒙古族学生进行热爱民族教育尊重和学习使用本民族语言文字等思想教育。这是一个很重要的问题。不爱民族的人就不尊重民族语言文字,不能学习民族语言文字。对这样的人很难教会民族语言文字。城市的蒙古族学生因环境影响,很容易接受其它民族的风俗习惯和语言文字,而不接受本民族好的风俗习惯,丰富的语言,优秀传统,而且还产生歧视思想。所以我们必须进行热爱本民族语言文字教育。具体做法方面要结合学生的实际情     

规范语言文字 纯洁民族文化

语言是思想的外壳,文字是文明的载体。汉语言文字是中华文明传承的形象载体。规范汉语言文字工作在学校教育中显得尤为重要。规范汉语言文字、纯洁民族文化,使汉语言文字变得更纯正、更美丽.     

浅谈小学语文教学中的人格培养

作为教育活葫中教学科目——语文,其内在所具有的人文精神和历史积淀则为教育中塑造完善人格提供了文字基础和精神条件。而在语文教学中塑造完善人格力量也就成了研究的课题,许多专家学者都出了论著。下面笔者就结合自己的一些教学体会,谈谈语文教学中塑造健康人格的几条途径：     

1868年前后汉字汉文在日本之状况

19世纪中叶,最初由欧洲发起并逐渐向欧洲以外地域推广的现代化运动开始波及东亚。与中国不同,在经历了最初的徘徊之后,日本转而坚定走上欧洲现代化历程。这一努力方向使得日本很快便面临如下问题:用怎样的语言对民众实施教育。而近代日本语言的改良首先面对的便是如何对待自己语言中的汉文抑或汉文字这一问题。于此,民间舆论开始分化:是全部废除汉文字,还是对汉文字的数量进行适当删减。通过本文的观察可知,在近代教育尚未完全展开的19世纪60年代末,主张以假名文字或洋文字为国字的激进改良者的提案并不能得到政府抑或民间的回应,即便如福泽渝吉般的温和改良者所提出的倡议也不能有效激起社会的反响。日本文字的改良尚有待于具有初步近代西方意识的知识者的成批涌现,他们将成为推动社会改革的基础力量。     

试论远古图腾文字及书法雏型产生的动因及其审美理念

概述远古图腾文字起源期,书画同源现象,图腾文字符号与原始书法雏型的关系,从自然美到朴素的形式关、形象美产生的背景及动因。史前艺术宝库的基础。     

双语教育:"科学保护各民族语言文字"的根本途径 ——以"本溪模式"满语教学为例

我国是个多民族、多语言、多文字的国家,各民族语言文字都是珍贵的资源,"科学保护各民族语言文字"是新时期我国的语言国策.双语教育是"科学保护各民族语言文字"的根本途径."本溪模式"满语教学的经验和做法值得学习和推广."科学保护各民族语言文字"需要政府、学校、社会共同配合.     

抗日战争时期陕甘宁边区的新文字冬学运动

近代以来,在西势东渐的压力下,中国人渐对民族文化失去信心,转而追求彻底的变革.文字改革,即以拼音文字取代汉字的主张也是这种反传统倾向的一种表现.随着时代的变化,这种主张越来越政治化,最终一部分共产党人成为这种主张的坚决拥护者和积极实践者,从土地革命时期开始进行新文字教育实践,在抗日战争时期更试图通过冬学等群众性识字运动推行新文字.陕甘宁边区于1940年开始在冬学运动中进行新文字教育试点,1941年冬学运动期间普及到全边区,然而很快于1942年冬学运动期间再次将新文字冬学实施范围缩小到延安县,随后停止了新文字推行工作.这次推行新文字工作的经验教训在当时并没有得到很好的总结,从而影响到中华人民共和国成立后的文字改革.     

基于光谱增强指数与LeNet-5的古书画褪色文字提取与识别

古书画中所记载的文字是了解历史的珍贵资料,对褪色文字进行提取和识别是挖掘和展示历史价值的基础。本工作首次提出基于光谱增强指数与LeNet-5相结合的古书画褪色文字提取与识别方法：利用高光谱成像无损检测、光谱范围广等优点,获取古书画的高光谱数据,分析文字与背景的光谱特征,构建字迹增强指数,实现古书画中褪色文字的增强;构建LeNet-5卷积神经网络,利用手写汉字集进行训练,对密度分割后的字迹图像进行自动识别。以清代画家张士保所作《论道图》中部分褪色文字为例进行了验证,文字识别的正确率为70.8%。结果表明,本工作所提出方法可有效提高古书画褪色文字提取与识别的智能化程度。     

浅析女真文字中的大小字问题

文字代表了一个民族的文化,是一个民族得以传承和发展的基础,对于人们的思想以及生活有着重要的影响,甚至是关乎到一个朝代的兴衰。在我国的女真族中,在文字方面有大小字两种文字,但是对于这两种文字之间到底有什么样的区别,区别在什么地方,一直都是考古界所研究的谜题。对于女真族文字的研究,可以折射出女真族时代发展的文化背景,通过文字的记载,可以了解当时的政治、经济以及整个朝代的兴衰,对于我们更全面的了解女真族有着深刻的意义。文章中通过对女真族文字中大小字的区别进行粗浅的分析,希望得到学术界的指正。     

The Nation in Utero: Translating the Science of Fetal Education in Republican China

As Chinese nationalists grappled with the political and military weakness of the young Republic of China, some sought to strengthen the Chinese race by advocating a return to the ancient practice of fetal education. Fetal education held that every sight, sound, and flavor that a pregnant mother took in through her senses, as well as her emotions and demeanor, directly affected her fetus. This paper examines how the text Taijiao, Song Jiazhao’s 1914 Chinese translation of Shimoda Jirō’s Japanese work Taikyō, presents a modern reformulation of fetal education that draws upon both modern Western science and East Asian medicine. As the text uses modern biology and psychology to explain and demonstrate the efficacy of fetal education, it also narrows the scope of fetal education to focus almost exclusively on the mother’s psychological state. Similarly, as the text turns to instruct women on the practice of fetal education, it draws upon Edo and Qing gynecological principles to emphasise the importance of the pregnant mother’s emotional self-control. Ultimately this text represents a neo-traditionalist response to modernity as it presents a Neo-Confucian vision of fetal education focused on a pregnant mother’s moral self-cultivation and emotional self control.     

大学公共体育课实施主体参与性教学的可行性研究

通过对大学公共体育课教学的调查,发现其中还存在诸多问题,问题的解决需要采用新的教学模式和新的教学方法,参与性教学可以有效地解决这些问题。本文分析了参与性教学的内涵、特点和在大学公共体育课教学中实施的可行性及其意义。     

民国时期华文教育本土化探析——以国语文教材的编写为视角

论文以民国时期大陆学人与东南亚学人所编东南亚华校国语教材为视角,探讨华文教育本土化问题。认为大陆学人所编东南亚华校国语教材的本土化倾向包括选材符合国外实际、稳妥处理敏感话题、教给儿童规范汉语及配以实用方便的教学法;东南亚学人所编东南亚华校国语教材的本土化倾向包括突出第二语言教学的特性、使用外语进行解释及强调国语文的特点。     

Making Italians: colonial history and the graduate education system from the liberal era to Fascism

This article explores the role of colonialism in the education of the Italian elites from the Liberal era to Fascism through a study of the teaching of colonial history in the universities. The rebirth of Italy's colonial ambitions at the end of the nineteenth century and their expansion during the two decades of Fascism resulted in the creation of new courses in ‘Colonial Sciences’ in the higher education curriculum. The development of these studies was also part of a longer-term series of changes in the Italian university system that started in the early twentieth century. Colonial History was taught in only a small number of institutions in the Liberal eras, but gained greater importance and autonomy under Fascism. An analysis of the courses, of the careers of those responsible for them and of the text books they used offers a measure of their differing impact on the education of Italian students in the Liberal and Fascist periods and reveals the models of ‘italianità’ they set out for the future ruling class.     

陈灿宦滇述论

陈灿是晚清云南的一位重要官员。对陈灿的评价,史书颇多赞誉,也有近人称其为“反民主逆流”,让人甚感困惑。学界对陈灿的研究甚为简单。本文试从经济、教育、军事、边界边务、著述、思想等方面,对陈灿在滇活动作一全面考察,并对陈灿进行客观评价。     

明四夷馆中日本馆译语编撰考

明四夷馆是中国最早培养翻译人员的专门机构,四夷馆设立于明永乐年间,初设时有八馆,没有专设日本馆,其从属于何馆,史料记载不一。在明四夷馆的翻译教材会同馆本《华夷译语》中,出现了13馆译语,其中包括日本馆。虽然无法确切推断日本馆设立的时间,但是可以通过对《华夷译语》的研究推测出日本馆译语的大致编撰时间。     

中华本诸史《选举志》商斠

<新唐书>、<旧五代史>、<宋史>、<金史>、<元史>、<明史>、<清史稿>七部史书,皆有<选举志>,对于研究我国从隋朝以后确立的科举制度以及相应的学校教育、选官制度等,参考价值颇高.笔者做<七史选举志校注>,均以中华书局整理本为底本,并参考今人诸多成果,受益匪浅,但也发现中华整理本存在标点与校勘方面的一些问题,特列出商斠,以就正于专家学者.     

Les horizons géographiques,entre continu et discontinu1

This article analyses the metaphor of education and politics, commonly referred to as the allegory of Plato's cave. It develops the geographic concept of the horizon of novelty and otherness as a ‘dialectic’ of continuity and discontinuity, as well as an articulation between human mobility and immobility. In return, it poses the question of horizontality, always shown but never stated, as a critique of a metaphor crushed by the verticality that institutes the political connection, not in relation to the other but as a transcendence, and bases human education on the crushing of emotion. Beyond these readings, Plato's text allows the articulation of philosophy and geography in a common ‘logos’ and thus constitutes not only one of the foundations of an anthropological approach to geography but also one of the bases of the Western world and Western thought.     

Going beyond the grid: literary mapping as creative reading

Drawing from the importance of narrative inquiry in contemporary geographical reasoning and teaching, this paper focuses on some practices set around the relationship between maps and literature. Reader-generated maps, maps produced starting from the reading of a literary text, are at the core of a reflection on the potentialities of literary mapping in higher education; relating maps and literature in an educational environment, I suggest creative reading and creative mapping as co-constructive practices that are able to guide students in addressing and internalising the complexity of spatial categories. Reflecting on the students’ literary mappings, I focus on the various ways that the literary map contributes to mobilising the space of the text, guiding students in approaching spatial issues from a different (and creative) perspective. Time, point of view and literary trans-scalarity are the key narrative concepts that guide and inform possible inductive ruminations on literary mapping as a learning strategy. Following the core question of “what literary mapping might be and do in the digital age”, I aim to resituate contemporary discussions on literary mapping in an educational environment.