环境史在欧洲的缘起、发展及其特点

环境史研究虽然晚至20世纪80年代才在欧洲出现,但成绩斐然。在一定程度上可以说,历史地理学、法国年鉴学派、汤因比的有关著作,为环境史在欧洲的兴起提供了理论基础。从总体上看,和美国相比,欧洲的环境史研究具有更多的跨学科研究的特色和全球史的视野,而且从一开始就重视城市环境问题。     

中岛真雄与近代中国东北的日本殖民化报纸

在近代日本对中国东北的殖民文化侵略史上,中岛真雄是一个关键性人物,在日俄战后的二十年时间里,他先后在营口、沈阳、哈尔滨创办了《满洲日报》、《盛京时报》、《大北新报》三个著名中文大报,成为名副其实的中国东北殖民地报业出版第一人。追踪和考察其创办三报的过程,有助于在更深层次上认识日本殖民文化侵略的复杂性及其作用,并推进中国报业发展史的研究。     

WHAT IS CULTURAL POLICY RESEARCH?

Cultural policy research exists in many contexts, asks many different kinds of questions and adopts a wide repertoire of research methodologies from a raft of academic discourses. This article investigates the research questions and approaches being undertaken by those working in this field. In order to achieve this, the article draws upon readings of contemporary publications in the field and on the authors’ experiences of building a research capacity in the area of cultural policy in a British – and, more particularly, a post‐devolution Scottish – university. The article traces the emergence of an academic discipline in the field, and seeks to advance this by reviewing a tripartite research agenda investigating: the history and historiography of cultural policy; the principles and strategies of cultural policy; and, the relationships between cultural policy and cultural theory/cultural studies.     

故宫早期刊物的特色及其历史意义

故宫早期刊物是什么样,发表过哪些内容,刊物本身有何可资借鉴之处?本文历数故宫博物院主办早期各刊的办刊背景、内容梗概及沿革始末,对各刊发表内容及数量作了翔实的分类统计,在对大量数据和实例分析的基础上,论述了故宫早期刊物的特点、作用和意义。     

对马克思分工-阶级理论的再解读

长期以来,人们把马克思主义的阶级理论归结为“生产资料所有制决定阶级的划分;阶级斗争推动社会发展”这样一种理论模式。现在,人们发现运用这种理论模式解释历史和现实都遇到众多的困难,于是出现了要求用西方社会学的社会分层理论代替阶级分析理论的呼声。这是对马克思阶级理论作教条式误读引起的不良后果。实际上,马克思主义的阶级理论本是一种“分工—阶级理论”,按照这样的理论,就应把阶级视为在一定生产力发展水平决定的分工体系中处在不同的地位、发挥不同的作用、因而对生产资料和生产成果拥有不同的占有或支配权利、并因而具有不同的思想和行为取向的社会集团。运用这样的分工—阶级理论分析历史和现实社会的阶级、阶层及其相互关系和与之相应的社会变迁,才能看清社会历史演进的规律性和必然趋势。     

从引文分析看大陆华侨华人研究——基于CSSCI（1998-2005）的研究

以中国社会科学引文索引(CSSCI)为操作平台,以核心作者群的被引论著为样本,对样本篇数、篇次、作者、机构、地域分布、主题分布、年代分布等因素进行了引文分析和量化的描述,并从文献的角度对大陆华侨华人研究现状进行评估。结果表明:大陆华侨华人研究1993—2002年是高峰期,形成了以福建、北京、广东为主的核心作者群,高等院校仍是华侨华人研究的主要机构,研究主题以经济、社会、历史为主,学术论文的利用率不高,高水平的研究成果不多。华侨华人研究在学术界的整体影响力不大,某些不够科学和规范的引证态度和方法亟需改进。     

论中国边疆学学科建设的若干问题

本文认为,从专门史与边疆史地研究发端的中国边疆学,在学术积累、学术水平、学术规范、队伍建设等方面,目前已具备成为专门学科的条件。中国边疆学以中国边疆地区的历史与现状为研究对象,以专门史、历史地理学、法学、人类学、国际关系学、边疆现实问题等学科作为学术支撑点。此外,本文作者还就中国边疆学应采用的新的视角与方法、应集中研究的重要问题等进行了分析与展望。     

Establishing Connections,Restoring Relationships: Exploring the Historiography of Nursing in Britain

This paper provides a comparative historiographical framework within which to reconsider the history of nursing. It asks why nursing has remained largely sidelined within the history of medicine, while the latter has gained mainstream respectability in the wider field of historical research. Gender historians are challenged to look at the under‐explored aspects of nursing's history such as pre‐Nightingale nurses and nursing, and the multiple and international meanings of race, class and gender as experienced by this unique cohort of women and men. The paper draws upon key texts in the history of nursing and of medicine and includes a discussion about use of imagery within significant publications and what this says about intended readerships. It concludes that, unlike medicine, nursing professionals have to some extent hijacked the history of nursing, while the subject has been further hampered by Florence Nightingale's legacy and the subsequent emphasis on the professionalisation of nursing.     

HISTORIOGRAPHY: A FIELD IN SEARCH OF A HISTORIAN?

Richard Kirkendall's collection of essays, The Organization of American Historians and the Writing and Teaching of American History, examines the history of the Organization of American Historians (OAH) from its founding to the present, using that history to illuminate how the writing of American history has changed over the last hundred years. The book provides coverage of all the major dimensions of the Mississippi Valley Historical Association's (MVHA) and the OAH's activities, ranging from the work of its scholarly publications, the Mississippi Historical Valley Review and the Journal of American History, to its role in promoting the teaching of American history. Overall, the essays in the volume tell a story of the organization's progress toward greater inclusion and democracy, falling prey to a Whig interpretation of historiography. In doing so, the book is part of a larger tendency in the way that historians have approached historiography, which in turn reflects their ambivalence about their relationship to the historical process. Thus, even as the very enterprise of historiography is premised on the recognition of how historians are themselves the products of the historical process, historians have revealed the limits to that recognition in their approach to the subject. This essay shows how deeply rooted this duality has been in the study of American historiography and illuminates some of its sources by placing Kirkendall's book in the context of how the MVHA and the OAH have treated historiography over the course of the organization's history.     

The History of the Jehovah's Witnesses: An Appraisal of Recent Scholarship

Zoe Knox's analysis of the English‐language historiography of the Jehovah's Witnesses and the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society was published in this journal in 2011. It assessed four types of historical writing on the organisation: the Watch Tower Society's own publications; material produced by two categories of detractors, namely ex‐Witnesses and Christians writing from other denominational perspectives; and academic studies. There are vast quantities of all but the last of these. Her article thus concluded with a call for scholars to take this religious community more seriously as an historical subject, echoing an appeal made by Rodney Stark and Laurence Iannaccone to social scientists in 1997. This review essay is intended to supplement Knox's historiographical analysis by appraising recent publications on the history of the Jehovah's Witnesses. As we shall see, although scholarship on this topic remains sparse, particularly given the organisation's visibility, since 2011 several important books have appeared alongside others which make contributions to the limited sum of our knowledge of the origins and emergence of the organisation and the way it has operated in different historical contexts. In short, the field requires reappraisal in light of these publications.     

Politics and Eschatology: Reassessing the Appeal of the “Jewish Indian” Theory in England and New England in the 1650s

This article examines the “Jewish Indian” theory — which claimed that American Indians were the ten lost tribes of Israel — in 1650s England and New England. The theory found support in England while failing in New England. This difference in reception can be explained by considering its ecclesiological, political, and eschatological implications. Biblical commentators in both England and New England held to a form of “Judeo‐Centric” eschatology, which looked for a sudden, miraculous conversion of the Jews and their eventual superiority to Gentile believers. Such beliefs undermined crucial elements of New England ecclesiology when applied to Native Americans. Conversely, the New England Company used the theory in its publications as a fund‐raising tool in England. These publications impacted upon debates on Jewish readmission to England in the mid‐1650s, with New England missionary models suggested as a way of evangelising Jews. This article therefore argues for the importance of understanding eschatological beliefs in local contexts, while demonstrating the way in which such beliefs can be maintained and reoriented in the face of apparent disconfirmation.     

中国的通史传统与世界史编纂

中国的通史传统是指在长期、丰富的通史编纂实践中,中国历史学家逐渐形成的以通古今之变为核心的历史认识理论和通史编纂思想。通史传统是中国历史编纂学重要的理论资产之一。在世界史研究和编纂过程中,应当通过对通史传统的深入挖掘和不断发扬,赋予当代中国世界史研究理论体系鲜明的民族特色,并进一步推进马克思主义理论、中国史学优秀传统和当代中国世界史研究的融会贯通。     

森林史研究:以菲律宾森林滥伐史研究为重点

本文主要介绍国际森林史研究的发展历程和解释菲律宾森林滥伐史的主要观点。就国际森林史研究来看, 经历了一个从重点研究温带森林史向热带森林史转变的过程。就菲律宾森林滥伐史研究来看, 提出了诸如人口增长压力说、木材生产和贸易说、林业政策鼓励说、行政不力和政治腐败说等重要解释框架。森林史研究需要超越从单因素出发进行解释的现状, 需要向综合研究转变。国别和专题的森林史研究需要从全球森林史和环境史的整体视野来关注。     

国外旅游的社会文化影响研究进展

旅游的社会文化影响研究在西方开始于20世纪60年代,几十年来积累了大量的研究案例,理论、方法也日臻完善。文章根据国外学者在研究思路、使用方法等方面的不同,把四十年来的研究分为60、70年代的定性描述、片面评价阶段;80年代的细分、量化研究阶段;90年代后的跨学科、多方法相结合阶段,分别介绍了各时期的主要观点、研究方法、重要论著,并进行了简要的分析评价。认为把旅游现象放在大的社会背景中,注重旅游业的特点进行跨学科、综合的研究是今后旅游的社会文化影响研究应该努力的方向。     

WRITING THE HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AID

International aid has been a significant element both in economic development and international politics since 1945, but has been insufficiently integrated in the discipline of history. The present article discusses the main problems of method, sources and discourse in the field of aid history, based on the recently published three‐volume history of Norwegian development aid. The shifting conjunctures of aid are seen in relation to main paradigm changes in development theory. It is emphasized that history is not a macro‐evaluation, but that it provides a basis for reflection, in this as in other fields.     

A short history of the Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology

SUMMARY: After 50 years of existence, it is appropriate to review the history of the Society, and appreciate what it has achieved not only through its conferences and publications but also in its success in promoting the archaeology of recent centuries. From a position of rare part-time interest in this period by a few enthusiasts in 1966 we can now celebrate explicit post-medieval specialists within museum, state, local government, contract, and academic archaeology, with representatives active within the Society.     

The correspondence of Johann Bartholomäus Trommsdorff (1770-1837): more then a source book of pharmaceutical history

The aim of this paper is to present the publication of the correspondence of Johann Bartholom?us Trommsdorff (1770 bis 1837) and to inform about the history of this project as well as the methodical proceedings and the content of these letters. The opportunities and limitations of the modern Trommsdorff research, based on the publication of his correspondence, will be shown. His contacts have been manifold and expansive. He corresponded with many famous scientists in pharmacy, chemistry, medicine and with important people of intellectual origin. Trommsdorff was a highly important person of the international European relationships in the field of pharmacy. Many publications certify the importance of the Trommsdorff-correspondence. The publication of these letters has opened new biographical aspects and allows to follow the connections and ways of communication in the new age of the foundation of scientific pharmacy.     

一座尚未充分利用的近代史资料宝库--中国旧海关系列出版物评述

中国旧海关留存的卷帙浩繁的海关文献,是近百年社会经济史研究中一项最为完整、系统的统计数据和文字资料。哈佛燕京所藏的海关资料和京华版《中国旧海关史料》所收录的出版物具有重要的文献价值,以季报、年报、十年报告、国内贸易册、月报等为层次,将其宝贵内容作以介绍,弥补以往简单地介绍海关文献之不足,研究者若能利用这一丰富的资源,将会拓宽和深入中国近代史的研究。