The Thought and Role of Ayatollah Hossein'ali Montazeri in the Politics of Post-1979 Iran

Ayatollah Montazeri was a Khomeinist who came to regret being Khomeini's unabashed protegé. Though he has never abandoned the doctrine of velayat-e faqih, he has sought to reconceptualize it by furnishing it with democratic principles. In this, he has not been credible, although he has managed to portray himself as a reformer among some Iranian activists who themselves have credible reformist credentials, such as Akbar Ganji. But other reformists believe that the principles of the mandate of the jurist permit authoritarian abuses. And those among them who seek a mujtahid's support for overthrowing that doctrine would prefer to turn to the writings of Ayatollah Dr. Mehdi Ha'iri (d. 1999).     

Ayatollah Khomeini: From Islamic Government to Sovereign State

This paper argues that the mature form of the political doctrine of the Ayatollah Khomeini (1902–89), Iranian Shiite religious authority and architect of the Islamic Republic of Iran, grew out of an encounter with the modern understanding of the state and the concept of sovereignty. Khomeini’s political doctrine, called the Absolute Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, although based on a religious foundation, should be studied as a break with the traditional understanding of political power in Shiism. It will be argued that such a political doctrine can play the same role as the Christian rhetoric of the early modern political thinkers played, pave the way for modernization of Shiite political thought, and prepare the ground for a modern temporal conception of politics.     

The Day in Lhasa

Procession at Sunup As the sun rises,pilgrims,one after another,come from various directions and gradually form a procession around the Potala Palace.Undeniably,in the short term,this daily procession has been reduced due to the negative impact of the tragedy that occurred on March 14~(th) in Lhasa. Notwithstanding,today it seems everything has returned to normal.     

The Day in Lhasa

Procession at Sunup As the sun rises,pilgrims,one after another,come from various directions and gradually form a procession around the Potala Palace.Undeniably,in the short term,this daily procession has been reduced due to the negative impact of the tragedy that occurred on March 14~(th) in Lhasa. Notwithstanding,today it seems everything has returned to normal.     

高句丽将军坟的陪葬墓

将军坟是集安高句丽古墓中保存最好的一座大型方坛阶梯石室墓。多数学者认为它是高句丽第20代王长寿王的陵墓。将军坟后面原有一排陪葬墓,中外学者对其数量存在着分歧。1997年清理发掘后,有人认为第二座陪葬墓北侧的长方形石砌台基可能是祭台。通过古代墓祭的相关记载与考古迹象分析,应当是串形的陪葬墓。     

A Day With The Bainqen

Ａ　Ｄａｙ　Ｗｉｔｈ　Ｔｈｅ　ＢａｉｎｑｅｎＡＤａｙＷｉｔｈＴｈｅＢａｉｎｑｅｎ￥ＢＩＺＩＴｈｅｅａｒｌｙｍｏｒｎｉｎｇＯｃｔｏｂｅｒａｉｒｉｎＴｉｂｅｔｉｓｃｏｏｌａｎｄｃｒｉｓｐ．Ｎｏｎｅｔｈｅｌｅｓｓ,ｔｈｅｓｉｘ－ｙｅａｒ－ｏｌｄ１１ｔｈＢａ...     

美国国殇日见闻录

<正>在美国旅游时,看见星条旗降了半旗,询问之下,才恍然得知,原来不经意间我们遇上了美国一个重要的国家假日——国殇日(Memorial Day)。这当然是意外经历,虽然可能遭遇游客暴增、房价上涨的假日综合症,同时却也可能会遇上平常看不到的有趣又有意义的假日活动。这一次的美国国殇日,就让我们好好开了一番眼界。     

沙土下的宝藏

几千年岁月的河流把曾经的痕迹大部分冲刷干净,也许只是偶然,才在一片沙地上封存了一些古人的记忆。如果不是江西大洋洲的惊人发现,我们也许就会彻底地遗忘他们。     

The excavation and identification of the ex-American whaler Day Dawn

Fouille et identification du baleinier Day Dawn (Australie Occidentale) mike McCarthy Cette étude illustre un nouveau procédé permettant de relever les contours intérieurs et extérieurs d'un bateau. Cette méthode a été appliquée sur un bateau construit en 1851 et naufragé sur la côte ouest d'Australie.     

汉阳陵出土陶牛的葬仪内涵

西汉景帝阳陵自上世纪90年代开展考古工作以来,现已清理了陵园建筑基址、外藏坑、陪葬墓等诸多遗存,出土了极其丰富的各种遗物,其中陶猪、陶羊、陶狗、陶鸡、陶牛等陶塑动物为一大宗。相对而言,陶牛数量不是很多,但仔细分     

The Origin of St. Valentine's Day

Jubilee Congress of the Folk-Lore Society; Papers and Transactions. (24 Papers.) William Glaisher, Ltd., 1930. Pp. 319- 8?" x 5 5/16". 5 pl., 2 text ill. 21s.     

中秋土乡话月饼

每年的农历八月十五是我国民间传统的中秋佳节。据说早在秦汉时期人们就开始过中秋节了,到了唐代这个民间的节日已经成了全国性的。所以,许多民族都用不同的方式进行庆祝。     

找寻深埋地下的乌金宝藏 到开滦矿山公园探秘采煤全过程

<正>唐山,一座因煤而生的城市。它蕴藏着的丰富煤炭资源,曾经让这个城市在中国近代工业史上有着浓墨重彩的一笔。而随着煤炭资源的开采,在唐山的地下,那些已经不具备继续开采条件的采煤巷道永远地留了下来。开滦矿山公园,一个化腐朽为神奇的地方,在原有中国第一佳矿"唐山矿——一号井"采煤作业区附近,这个占地面积近115万平方米的公园,不仅展示了开滦煤矿在中国近代工业史上的许多"第一",还打开地下采煤的神秘大门,让游客在地下60米的古老巷道里体验采煤的艰辛。