A bioarchaeological approach to the Iron Age in Switzerland: stable isotope analyses (δ<Superscript>13</Superscript>C, δ<Superscript>15</Superscript>N, δ<Superscript>34</Superscript>S) of human remains

In Switzerland, a large number of Iron Age burial sites were found in the last century. Changes in living conditions and socio-cultural behavior may have occurred over time and space and could be reflected in the dietary habits, social stratigraphy within populations and migration patterns. This study attempts to shed light on these aspects with the application of stable isotope analyses. Human remains from 11 different burial sites (n?=?164) in the area of today’s Swiss Plateau and Swiss Alpine regions were investigated. Temporal and geographical variations as well as sex and age-related dietary differences were analyzed through isotopic studies (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and δ³⁴S). In total, the data of 129 individuals could be evaluated. Highly significant differences between the burial sites were found, with higher δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values in the Alpine regions. Cultural and/or climatic changes as well as the different geological conditions might have led to distinct patterns of crop cultivation and animal husbandry and consequently to significantly different dietary habits in the Plateau and the Alpine regions. The data indicate a higher intake of millet and animal protein including early dairy production in the southern regions, probably influenced by the Mediterranean world. Cultural exchange between geographical regions might have been facilitated by migration during the Iron Age as suggested by the δ³⁴S.     

The revolution <Emphasis Type="Italic">Will</Emphasis> be televised<Superscript>1</Superscript>: African archaeology education and the challenge of public archaeology— Some examples from southern africa<Superscript>2</Superscript>

La arqueología ya se reconoce como una fuente crítica para desarrollar la herencia en áfrica. Sin embargo, la instrucción arqueóloga tiene escasos recursos monetarios. Esta presentación se?ala algunos de los retos y oportunidades para desarrollar arqueología pública en áfrica usando los ejemplos de Botswana y Sur áfrica.

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Résumé L'archéologie est maintenant reconnue comme une source importante pour le développement du patrimoine en Afrique. Toutefois, l'enseignement de l'archéologie est extrêmement peu financée. En se servant d'exemples au Botswana et en Afrique du Sud, ce papier met en relief quelques uns des défis qui attendent l'archéologie publique en Afrique ainsi que les opportunités qu'elle aura de se développer.

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You will not be able to stay home brother You will not be able to plug in, turn on and cop out The revolution will not be televised The revolution will not be brought to you by Xerox In 4 parts without commercial interruptions The revolution will be no re-run brothers The revolution will be live (Gil Scott-Heron, http://gilscottheron.com)

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This phrase is adapted from Gil Scott-Heron's poem “The Revolution Will Not be Televised” (http://gilscottheron.com) and I acknowledge its inspiration of my conviction of the importance of teaching African archaeology.

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This article was prepared while I was a visiting Senior Research Fellow at Wolfson College, Cambridge. I thank my sponsors the Smuts Memorial Fund and Wolfson College for their support. I thank the reviewers of this article and acknowledge their contributions. The University of Botswana granted me leave to pursue my research.     

The influence of manuring on stable isotopes (δ<Superscript>13</Superscript>C and δ<Superscript>15</Superscript>N) in Celtic bean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia faba</Emphasis> L.): archaeobotanical and palaeodietary implications

This paper examines the impact of animal manure on δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C values in a legume, Celtic Black broad bean (Vicia faba). In a field experiment, V. faba was cultivated in plots treated with farmyard manure and pure sheep manure. The results indicate that highly intensive manuring can increase δ¹⁵N values in beans, stems, leaves and pods. In comparison, manuring had a relatively small impact on δ¹³C values. In terms of palaeodietary reconstructions, the high δ¹⁵N values in very intensively manured beans (+3?‰) are equivalent to the trophic-level effect. Based on the experimental results, it is suggested that high δ¹⁵N values in archaeobotanical remains of V. faba may be attributable to small-scale cultivation with intensive manuring.     

<Superscript>230</Superscript>Th/U chronology of ore formation within the semyenov hydrothermal district (13°31′ N) at the Mid-Atlantic ridge

A radiochemical study was carried out on massive sulfides from Semyenov hydrothermal district at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. New and published results provide evidence that ²³⁰Th/U ages obtained for massive sulfides are reliable. The sulfide deposits from the West, North-West, North-East, and East hydrothermal sites at the Semyenov hydrothermal district were formed between ∼124 ka and ∼37 ka ago. The hydrothermal activity might have started in the eastern part of the district and moved to the west by episodic ore formation.     

&lt;&lt;史记&gt;&gt;&lt;&lt;汉书&gt;&gt;校读札记

《史记》和《汉书？是我国历史上两部重要的史书,但在漫长的流传过程中,两书均出现了一些讹误。本文通过对它们相关部分的比勘,校读出了两书中存在的一些错误,分析了致误的原因,有助于更好的利用这两部书进行古籍研究和整理工作。     

&lt;&lt;春秋&gt;&gt;说例

古人解《春秋》,多以孔子作《春秋》的前提,目的是深入领会圣人垂教后世的褒贬大义,由此归纳出种种所谓义例。但《春秋》是否确曾经孔子改作,无从证实;前提既不可靠,由此得出的义例则更是想当然而已。其实,只须抛开成见,仔细阅读《春秋》,就可看出它就是鲁国历代官史官原始记录的汇编,但其中确实存在着能够贯通全经的记事原则和用字规范,是真正的《春秋》体例。本文仅从七个方面归纳了《春秋》的记事原则和用字规范,并对     

&lt;&lt;韩非子&gt;&gt;校勘商榷

自清末至今,《韩非子》一书了出现了多种校注本,均是以影宋乾道本为底本,用其他版本对其进行校勘,纠正了不少讹误,但也存在着误校的现象。误校的原因有二;一是不知字词古义,二是不明通假。本文对部分误校的字词提出了商榷,做了较为详细的考证。     

&lt;&lt;学林&gt;&gt;点校商榷

王观国《学林》对经史诸书的笺释注疏排比异同,考证得失,颇多胜解,有较高学术价值。笔者经析其文意,查对经史原文,发现中华书局本之点校谬谬误百出。本文对其中尤明显之错误提出数条,并加辨正。     

杜道坚&lt;&lt;老子&gt;&gt;注略论

本文以不同时期有不同的“老子”这一老学发展的共同规律为背景,较为系统地阐述了宋元之际著名的道教学者杜道坚的老学著作《道德玄经原旨》与《玄经原旨发挥》中的主要思想,认为其中的核心内容“皇道帝德”说反映了宋元时期以儒家的政治道德学说解释《老子》已达到了一个新的高度,由此也可以具体真切地看出该时期老孔同归,儒道交融这种思想发展的历史总趋势。     

&lt;&lt;原本玉篇残卷&gt;&gt;引&lt;&lt;说文&gt;&gt;与二徐所异考

本文仅就《原本玉篇残卷》即朝梁陈间顾野王所撰之《玉篇》篇写本的部分原貌中,所征引许慎《说文》的一些例证,来校勘今传世的大小徐本《说文》乖离许氏原书本真之弊,并随文偶尔略作分析,由此说明其价值之重。     

&lt;&lt;搜神记&gt;&gt;校勘札记

《搜神记》向为世人所重,近十几年有多种整理本问世,近十几年有多种新整理本问巨,汪楹校注本以精审著称,成为后出各本的底本、参校本,但汪本可商之处不少,吴金华、张觉及笔者发表了多篇校补性的文章。今又续得若干条,集为一篇。本文虽是讨论《搜神记》整理本中存在的词语考释、校勘、标点等问题,但也约略可见古籍整理工作中普遍存在的一些问题。