AN EARLY EUBOEAN SHIP

Summary. A pyxis with the painting of a ship was found during the 1986 Greco-British excavations in the Toumba Cemetery at Lefkandi, Euboea. It was part of a deposit of broken pottery included in the refill of a shaft grave which had apparently destroyed an earlier tomb. The vase can with fair certainty be dated around 850–825 B.C. by the Attic Middle Geometric I pottery associated with it and from its local style.
The painting of a ship contained in one of its panels is, therefore, among the earliest pictorial representations known from Iron Age Greece. It is proposed that the subject may have been suggested to the Lefkandian potter by similar ship scenes on the engraved catchplates of contemporary fibulae.     

COTTAGE SETTLEMENTS AND GARDEN COOPERATIVES IN THE MOSCOW AREA

Spaee-time shifts are analyzed for a particular type of suburban recreational, development—the cottage, settlements and garden cooperatives around Moscow. Measurement of the appearance, stabilization and decline of this recreational function along six major rail lines radiating from Moscow shows a centrifugal shift fostefed by the development of high-speed transportation and the conversion of older recreational areas close to the city to residential and industrial uses. A characteristic feature of the expansion of the recreational zone Over time has been a leaping movement in which the centers of recreational development, after having taken shape for one or two decades, will suddenly leap outward to a more distant zone. Furthermore, suburban cities are beginning to generate their own demand for recreational space and are becoming nuclei of their own recreational zones.     

EARLY GREEK VASES IN CYPRUS: EUBOEAN AND ATTIC

Summary. The aim of the present project is to put to the test by using chemical analysis the origin of early Greek vases imported to Cyprus. In the present case samples were taken from vases found in the cemetery at Amathus published by Prof. J. N. Coldstream. The scientific results coincide with his attributions and confirm the suggestion that there was a revival of communication between the Aegean and Cyprus from the end of the tenth century, and that Euboean vases were the earliest imports to have reached the island and outnumbered other imports.     

Marmots IN THE HIMALAYAN AREA

While the otter livesonfish,the marmot lives on grass Hence,     

青藏高原最早的新石器时代村落--昌都卡若遗址的考古发现

Along the eastern flank of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a range of lofty mountains.In a valley marked by the ceaseless flow of the Lancanjiang River is a prehistoric human settlement quietly observing the passage of time.Thousands of years have passed since the site was abandoned,and few know of its existence today.Indeed,it was only rediscovered in the 1970s,almost as if locals had to brush away the crusts on their eyes after a long night's sleep to even see it.Still,the event sent shockwaves throughout the archaeological field,and it is marked in history books as having been one of the most significant finds.     

LITHIC RESOURCES IN THE EARLY PREHISTORY OF THE ALPS*

Rocks, which are ubiquitous in archaeological sites as chipped or polished tools, were important factors in the prehistoric Alpine economic system. Archaeometric characterization and identification of source areas open the path to a more detailed understanding of the production and diffusion mechanisms behind Alpine lithic industries. An overview of the situation from the eastern to the western Alps in the Mesolithic, the Neolithic and the Copper Age illustrates current debates and issues.     

REMINISCENCE THE EARLY YEARS OF WORKING IN TIBET

In the late Sixties,a group of enthusiastic youths from Henan(an internal province on the central plain) set out with great enthusiasm to go farming and also guard borders on the Tibet Plateau.I was lucky enough to be one of them.Now,as I recall those long and dusty days in an area largely unknown to the rest of the world,I cannot help about of nostalgia.     

中国早期城址城墙结构研究

一 引 言 早期城是城发展历史的早期或初期阶段,具有一定的原始性和独特性.具体到中国古代来说,早期城址是指史前至夏商时期的城址.城墙又称"城垣",是指围绕在城四周或内外的大型墙体,大多呈闭合状态,或与自然屏障连接成闭合状态,主要功能是军事防御或防洪,也兼有防盗、防野兽侵袭等功用. 城墙结构则是指城墙本体各部分的组成与安排,主要包括城墙形态结构、技术结构、墙基结构等.城墙形态结构可区分为上下形态结构和左右形态结构.上下形态结构或称"纵向结构",是指城墙上下部分的搭配和安排,如城墙是单独的地面墙体,或是由多部分组成;地面墙体与基槽的对应关系如何,如上下一致或是错位.     

SETTLEMENTS AND CHAMBERED TOMBS IN NEOLITHIC FRANCE

Summary. Chambered tombs of megalithic or dry-stone construction are a leading element in the archaeological record of Neolithic France, but appear to have been associated with only small, insubstantial settlement sites. This point is illustrated by reference to evidence from West-Central France, the Paris Basin, Southern France and Brittany. The tombs seem to have played an important rôle in the articulation of dispersed communities, particularly during periods when new land was being colonised. These findings suggest certain modifications to recent ideas about the origin and functions of the West European chambered tombs.     

THE OLIVE IN THE PREHISTORIC AEGEAN: THE EVIDENCE FOR DOMESTICATION IN THE EARLY BRONZE AGE

Summary. In 1972 Colin Renfrew suggested that the rise of Mycenaean civilization may have been made possible by the development of a polycultural triad of wheat, vine and olive in the Early Bronze Age. A careful examination of the botanical and archaeological evidence for the domestication of the olive lends little support to this aspect of the thesis. The palynological evidence from various points in Greece is inconclusive, but for most areas it would seem to suggest that the intensive cultivation of olive began in the Late Bronze Age or even later.
No conclusive archaeological evidence for processing or storage of olive oil exists for any period in the Bronze Age. The question of when olive domestication took place must remain unanswered until more data are available from Early and Middle Bronze Age contexts and more conclusive botanical data have been collected.     

THE EARLY IRON AGE IN THE PARIS BASIN: A STUDY IN CULTURE CHANGE

Summary. The archaeological evidence for Iron Age cultures in the Paris Basin is outlined. The data are heavily weighted to burials, there being little evidence available of settlements, but regional patterns of variation can be recognized. The broader contacts of the region are discussed and the effects of external trade and internally generated pressures on socio-economic systems are considered.     

SOTIRA KAMINOUDHIA AND THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE EARLY BRONZE AGE IN CYPRUS

Summary. The Early Bronze Age (EBA) of Cyprus is a key phase of transformation in the prehistory of the island. Major developments are observed in the economic, social and artistic arenas, but owing to the lack of excavated settlements no firm chronology has ever existed for this period. Excavations in southern Cyprus at Sotira Kaminoudhia, a site with an assemblage belonging in broad terms to the Early Cypriot (EBA) Red Polished ceramic tradition, have helped to fill the lacuna. This paper presents the analyses of a series of radiocarbon determinations from well stratified organic samples in the settlement. These both confirm the EBA status of the site and provide the first firm absolute chronology for the Cypriot EBA. In addition, the new data from Sotira Kaminoudhia provide an opportunity to examine the beginning of this period on Cyprus — specifically the much debated issue of the so-called Philia Phase — both in chronological and socio-economic terms.     

丰镐地区西周墓葬分期研究

目次一典型陶器的型式划分二各类陶器的器形演变特点三层位学依据四墓葬分期五陶器特征的历时性考察六各期年代的推定七结语丰镐地区自二十世纪五十年代以来,已经发掘了一千余座西周墓葬。以往学者对丰镐地区的西周墓葬进行了一系列分期研究〔1〕,但是这些分期意见均是从局部资料入手,对于墓葬中出土的陶罐、陶瓿的演变规律并没有深入分析,对鬲、簋、豆、盂的变化趋势研究也比较粗略,细部变化特点还未深究,各个器类的型式划分缺乏统一全面的分析,因而丰镐地区目前尚未有一