浅谈我国教育不公平的现状／原因及对策

社会公平是社会和谐的重要保证,而教育公平是社会公平的重要内容。教育公平是提高社会整体素质的一个基本措施,是实现社会和谐和可持续发展的重要手段,也是实现社会良好运行的重要保障。     

教育公平视野中的社会信息化鸿沟

实现优质公共教育资源共享是保障教育公平,实现教育信息化可持续发展的的重要内容。社会信息化鸿沟是社会领域信息公平问题,它是诸多现实制约因素合力的结果,可以分为显性与隐性两类。认识和消除社会信息化鸿沟,克服制约教育信息化建设中的数字鸿沟障碍,是实现教育公平的关键。     

公平分配是构建和谐社会的重要内容

社会公平体现在社会的政治、经济和其它利益在全体社会成员之间合理而平等的分配上.这个平等即指权利平等、分配平等、机会均等.因而,追求公平正义是实现社会和谐的前提.当前,在我国收入分配领域中存在着一些突出的问题.解决这些问题,已成为促进我国经济发展、构建社会主义和谐社会的重要内容.     

中国争取教育性别公平的第一役

教育的性别公平是人类平等理想的重要内容 ,它指在教育的三个阶段都实现对两性教育利益分配的公平 :一、在教育起点上 ,使两性入学机会或进入其他教育系统的机会均等 ;二、在教育过程中 ,向两性所提供的基本教育条件包括培养目标、学习年限、课程设置、教学条件和师资质量等都基本相同 ;三、在教育结果方面 ,使两性获得的发展水平和资格认定相同。而历史上所有男性本位的社会性别制度都是对两性进行分离的性别歧视教育 (本文指广义教育 ,包括家庭、学校和社会教育 ) ,以从人生起点控制女性。其内容就包括了在上述三方面的不公平 :一、在教育…     

加拿大公共政策中的性别意识及启示

文章通过分析加拿大和我国公共政策中的性别意识,指出我国要落实男女平等的基本国策,必须将性别意识纳入公共政策和决策主流,使性别平等成为公共政策制订者的基本价值目标;加强社会性别理论的研究,为性别平等政策的完善提供依据;加强性别统计,建立与完善妇女发展状况社会监测评估机制。     

公平分配是构建和谐社会的重要内容

社会公平体现在枉会的政治、经济和其它利益在全体社会成员之间合理而平等的分配上。这个平等即指：权利平等、分配平等、机会均等。因而,追求公平正义是实现枉会和谐的前提。当前,在我国收入分配领域中存在着一些突出的问题。解决这些问题,已成为促进我国经济发展、构建社会主义和谐社会的重要内容。     

公平社会从哪里来——对话周保松

公平社会,我可以做些什么 人物周刊：在你心目中。怎样才算公平社会？公平社会是否就是好社会？ 周保松：这是一个“What”的问题。对我来说,一个公平社会,就是每个公民能有尊严地活着,基本权利和自由受到充分保障,同时有平等的机会和经济条件实现自己的理想;而政府在实行市场经济的同时,提供各种社会保障并尽量避免生产工具和社会财富过度集中在少数人手里。     

公平感知视角下居民支持旅游可持续发展的影响因素分析——以喀纳斯图瓦村落为例

为揭示民族旅游地居民支持旅游可持续发展的影响因素和形成机制,本文整合社会交换理论和韦伯的合理性理论,构建了社区增权、居民公平感知以及旅游可持续发展支持关系的概念模型.以新疆喀纳斯社区的3个民族村落居民为研究对象,采用系统抽样方法收集363份问卷,并运用结构方程模型进行数据分析.结果表明:社区增权正向影响公平感知和可持续发展支持,社区增权是实现旅游公平和可持续性的有效途径;公平感知在社区增权和可持续发展支持间起中介作用,公平法则是居民参与旅游交换的内在机制;公平感知正向影响居民可持续发展支持.研究发展了居民感知和态度的理论框架,为实现民族旅游地的可持续发展提供了有益指导.     

科学发展观背景下的性别平等问题

科学发展观把追求平等和社会公正作为发展的目标,而社会性别平等问题则是其重要内容之一。为此,在承认性别差异的同时,追求事实上的性别平等,是科学发展观的具体体现。     

差异公民资格与分配正义的实现

中国社会正处于两重转型的过程之中,社会有序发展和利益整合发生冲撞,道德实践层面和价值规范层面相互摩擦,城乡二元结构的差异导致分配制度的不公平亦日趋明显,这就阻碍了分配正义的实现。差异的公民资格和差异平等的正义观念正越来越成为差异性群体争取自身权利的理论武器。因此,对差异的公民资格的保护是实现分配正义、体现分配公平的有效手段。     

Struggling with ‘this gender relations thing’ in the Papua New Guinea Church Partnership Program

Gender equality and women's empowerment has become a cornerstone for successful development. Religious teachings and practices, like ‘traditional culture’, are often viewed as contributing to gender inequality and oppression. The increased engagement by donor agencies with religious organisations prompts questions about how religion, gender and development intersect in particular places, and the implications this intersection has for the transnational ‘gender agenda’ of development agencies. This article focuses on the dialogue about gender in the Papua New Guinea Church Partnership Program. Analysing the struggles taking place, it argues that the processes that shaped local Christianities are also at work in the churches' translations of the ‘gender agenda’. These churches are gradually emerging as agents for gender justice as they develop their own approaches to gender work that support the churches' mission to ‘live the Gospel’ in their practice of holistic integral human development. However, to progress further, in recognising the necessity for men to lead the struggle for gender justice, the dialogue must focus on the personal transformation of men in relation to their understanding of masculinities and gendered power dynamics. From this foundation, structural and political change can be advanced.     

Global policy paradigms,gender equality and everyday lives in Beijing,Hong Kong,Seoul and Taipei

Focusing on the interface between gender equality, the labour market, and everyday lives in four East Asian societies – China, Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan – this article seeks to articulate the spatial expression and multi-scalarity of global governance and policy paradigms. It will demonstrate that whilst regions, places and people are influenced by global processes and paradigms, these move and embed in different ways across spaces, time and scales. In this context, the article seeks to develop a more nuanced appreciation of ‘the social lives’ of global policy models, engaging with the role of ideas and institutions and the interactions of transnational, national and local dynamics in the shaping of gender equality policies and everyday experiences. Drawing on qualitative data collected in Beijing, Hong Kong, Seoul and Taipei the article draws out the perceptions of individuals from different policy, sectoral, social and cultural settings of gender equality. It highlights the tensions and disjunctures between general principles and particular situations, and in embedding gender equality policies into the social imaginaries and everyday lives of women and men. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing the role of place and power relations in shaping localized responses to and experiences of gender justice.     

20世纪90年代社会学视野下我国社会政策和社会问题研究中的社会性别分析述评

妇女解放和男女平等的追求一直是人类社会一个永恒主题。文章通过对 2 0世纪 90年代这 1 0年里我国社会学界在社会政策和社会问题研究中所反映出来的社会性别意识和观念进行概括 ,总结出他们在研究中所表现出来的一些特点 ,并详细地分析了这些研究中存在的三种情况 ,即对社会性别的忽略或笼统化、一定的社会性别歧视、合理的社会性别分析描述和以抨击偏见维护两性平等。通过综合述评 ,旨在引起我国政界和学界在今后社会政策制定和社会问题研究中对性别问题的高度注意 ,最终促进人类社会的良性协调发展     

Gender equality: a core dimension in Rural Development Programmes in Austria?

The supranational gender equality regime of the European Union (EU), in place since the 1990s, affects gender-related social policy including the so-called ‘gender-neutral’ policy fields such as the common agricultural policy and rural development policy. Especially, the implementation of gender equality in all policy fields through the strategy of gender mainstreaming in EU Structural Funds and Rural Development Programmes has become a key challenge for political and administrative players and stakeholders. Analysis reveals that the existing institutional, political and social barriers for an effective implementation of gender equality in rural development policy are manifold. Instead of promoting rural women's agency and empowerment, Rural Development Programmes and processes in Austria are preserving and perpetuating traditional gender roles and patriarchal structures in rural society.     

Situating Justice in the Environment: The Case of BHP at the Ok Tedi Copper Mine

The rubric of sustainable development has now gained wide theoretical and political acceptance in the global community. However, after the Rio Declaration, each nation must now confront the specific question of how to decide between those industries and activities that are sustainable and those that are not when conflicting social and ecological interests are at stake. Any fundamental change to resource allocation will have social distributional consequences, and the issue of justice therefore becomes a critical element of any sustainability formulation. This paper contributes to this debate by exploring the potential for a politically grounded theory of justice in and to the environment. More specifically, we argue for a situated analysis that nevertheless retains the postulate of a neo-Kantian universal ethic as the foundation for global institutions that could integrate and safeguard the principles of justice and ecological responsibility underpinning most notions of sustainability. We show this by locating the question of justice in a particular conflict of interest, that between the Australian mining giant Broken Hill Proprietary, Ltd., and the traditional landowners of an area on the Ok Tedi river in Papua New Guinea.     

Culture, Class and Urban Policy: Reconsidering Equality

This paper considers the emerging policy agenda for urban–social renewal in relation to academic debates about equality and difference. Signalling problems with prevailing political and geographical approaches to class, the possibilities offered by a poststructuralist engagement with issues of equality are discussed. Policies for social regeneration and inclusion are analysed with regard to their approach to working–class cultures and are argued to be reductive and contradictory in core respects. More progressive and integrated understandings of class–cultural relations, such as those presented in the work of Nancy Fraser and Pierre Bourdieu, are identified as necessary to a meaningful concept of social justice for contemporary urban social policy.     

UNION DISCUSSIONS OF GENDER EQUALITY IN THE SWEDISH TRADE UNION NEWSPAPER JOURNALISTEN, 1961–1989

Sweden is arguably one of the most gender-equal countries in the world, and the historical development of that equality has been studied in detail. However, less is known about how the idea of gender equality was adopted in different professional spheres. In this article, I focus on this topic by using one profession, journalism, to analyse how gender equality was placed on the trade union agenda and negotiated in Sweden between 1961 and 1989. Drawing on a framing analysis of the discussion of gender equality in the trade union newspaper Journalisten, I argue that the Swedish Union of Journalists and its members took a somewhat moderate position in the struggle for gender equality, which, during the decades in question, was mostly framed as a women’s question. For the most active advocates of gender equality, it was nevertheless a deeply felt issue, and their work can be defined as trade union feminism.     

海滨湿地生态旅游可持续开发模式研究——以江苏盐城海滨湿地为例

本文以江苏盐城海滨湿地为例,在分析湿地生态旅游的内涵与盐城海滨湿地生态旅游开发条件的基础上,探讨了海滨湿地生态旅游可持续开发模式,提出了湿地生态旅游可持续开发模式的实施对策。作者强调,海滨湿地生态旅游开发必须以生态保护为前提,以湿地生态旅游资源与环境为基础,以湿地生态旅游产品为龙头,以生态旅游市场为依托,体现生态教育功能,关注社区利益,重视生态环境保育和生态补偿,通过适度开发促进湿地生态旅游资源、环境和社会经济的协调、可持续发展。     

城市规划中的社会公平性问题浅析

本文以可持续发展的观点,分析了在现代市场经济条件下城市规划中的社会公平性问题的表现形式;并通过建立分析模型,借助地理信息系统的空间分析功能对规划用地中的公平性问题进行了探讨性的分析研究;文中还就苏州工业园区为例,介绍了其规划中的公平性问题处理的成功经验,最后强调了城市规划中对规划公平问题重视的重要性。