An Exploration of Peer-to-Peer Teaching and Learning at Postgraduate Level: The Experience of Two Student-Led NVivo Workshops

This paper explores peer-to-peer teaching and learning at a postgraduate level using the example of two NVivo workshops run by geography postgraduate students. The workshops took place in March and May 2011 and feedback was collected from all attendees in both sessions. This paper aims to provide a practical guide to organizing and facilitating such an informal workshop on the NVivo software for postgraduate students based on the outcomes of the two workshops. Hints and tips for others considering running similar events are provided based on the feedback received following the sessions and reflections on the organizers experiences.     

试论儒家语境下"水火之喻"的本义消解

子产的政治观念与执政实践都趋向猛政,“水火之喻”原本是对其猛政主张的说明,“宽猛相济”自非是子产“水火之喻”的本义。然而在传统儒家的宽政语境下,学者对子产猛政的历史存在要么漠然视之,要么权变调停,要么根本否定其真实性,子产“水火之喻”的本义因而也不断被消解。出现这一现象的根本动因是,子产在春秋政治史上,具有无可替代的重要而隆崇地位,儒家试图将子产思想作为资源纳入其宽政思想体系,其结果是史实屈从于观念。     

Qualitative Methods for the Study of Policy Diffusion: Challenges and Available Solutions

This article deals with the question whether and how processes of policy diffusion can be examined with qualitative methods. More specifically, how can qualitative methods address the “twin challenge of interdependence,” namely the challenge to identify diffusion, on the one hand, and the challenge to discriminate between mechanisms of diffusion, on the other? I argue, first, that there are three distinct qualitative techniques that can be used, namely cross‐case analysis (often based on systematic case selection), within‐case process tracing, and counterfactual reasoning. I demonstrate how these techniques can be adapted to the study of policy diffusion. Second, a combination of these methods is the best practice, since they are largely complementary in terms of the twin challenge of diffusion. The discussion draws on numerous illustrations from recent qualitative policy diffusion studies. The article closes with some suggestions for further methodological development in the study of policy diffusion, including the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods.     

The Effects of Beneficiary Targeting on Public Support for Social Policies

We assess the tendency for the public to use group‐centric policy evaluations with evidence from a survey experiment concerning two issues within the social policy domain, health care and aid to cities. By randomly varying target group identity within each issue and using both negatively and positively regarded groups our evidence shows that differences exist in the tendency for members of the public to use group‐centric heuristics. Group‐centric evaluations are related to party identification and political ideology. Across both issues conservatives and Republicans are more likely than liberals or Democrats to adopt a group‐centric heuristic. Partisan and ideological differences suggest that established theories miss the mark by emphasizing how universal policy designs are preferred to designs that target unpopular groups.     

Credibility in Policy Expertise: The Function of Boundaries Between Research and Policy

As science becomes an increasingly crucial resource for addressing complex challenges in society, extensive demands are placed upon the researchers who produce it. Creating valuable expert knowledge that intervenes in policy or practice requires knowledge brokers to facilitate interactions at the boundary between research and policy. Yet, existing research lacks a compelling account of the ways in which brokerage is performed to gain credibility. Drawing on mixed‐method analysis of 12 policy research settings, I outline a novel set of strategies for attaining symbolic power, whereby policy experts position themselves and others via conceptual distances drawn between the “world of ideas” and the “world of policy and practice.” Disciplinary distance works to situate research as either disciplinary or undisciplinary, epistemic distance creates a boundary between complex specialist research and direct digestible outputs, temporal distance represents the separation of slow rigorous research and agile responsive analysis, and economic distance situates research as either pure and intrinsic or marketable and fundable. I develop a theoretical account that unpacks the boundaries between research communities and shows how these boundaries permit policy research actors to achieve various strategic aims.     

Urban geoarchaeology and environmental history at the Lost City of the Pyramids,Giza: synthesis and review

Sediment accretion in ancient urban sites and tells records a combination of cultural and geomorphic processes. Urban geoarchaeology is focused on site accumulation, collapse, weathering and erosion, as constrained by architectural plans and structures. These may document settlement growth and decay, as well as environmental history, posing a multidisciplinary challenge of interactive and fluctuating processes.     

The Determinants of Policy Introduction and Bill Adoption: Examining Minimum Wage Increases in the American States, 1997–2006

Faced with long intervals between federal minimum wage increases in recent years, state legislatures are increasingly likely to take action. Motivated by the relative dearth of empirical work on minimum wages in the American states, this article considered various explanations to determine which factors are associated with legislative efforts to pass wage increases. Taking seriously the view that disagreements over the effects of minimum wage increases enhances the influence of political factors, we drew on the policy adoption and diffusion literature to examine how internal determinants (political and economic variables) and regional diffusion pressures relate to both the introduction and adoption of minimum wage legislation in the American states in the years between the last two federal minimum wage increases (1997–2006). Employing negative binomial regression to analyze annual bill introductions, we found that a number of political variables are related to the consideration of minimum wage increases. However, using event history analysis to examine annual adoptions of minimum wage increases, we found few of the same variables matter. We concluded with a discussion of the empirical results within the context of the broader policy literature and cautioned future scholars to consider seriously whether political factors exert distinct influences at different stages of the policy process.     

新中国成立初期“团结中西医”方针的确立

新中国成立初期,第一届全国卫生工作会议制定了团结中西医的卫生工作方针。但是在执行中,却出现了歧视限制中医的错误倾向。毛泽东和中共中央及时发现和纠正了这一错误倾向,使团结中西医的卫生工作方针得到了全面落实。毛泽东和中共中央的相关论述及措施对中医药事业的发展具有重要的历史意义和现实意义。     

The Behavioral Impact of Drinking and Driving Laws

All U.S. states have laws designed to discourage people from drinking and driving, but enforcement varies across the states. Existing studies offer conflicting evidence on the effectiveness of these strategies in deterring drinking‐and‐driving behavior. Deterrence theories imply that the mere existence of such laws has little impact on criminal behavior, but the perception of enforcement and the probability of being detected have a deterrent effect. To test these hypotheses, we develop a measure of the propensity to drink and drive using item response theory and national survey data. Inferential models test the impact of perceptions of enforcement, actual enforcement levels, and deterrence laws on criminal propensity. Results indicate that the existence of statutes impacts only those least likely to drink and drive, while perceptions of the likelihood of arrest and individual agreement with the goals of drinking and driving laws significantly reduce the propensity for almost everyone. Actual enforcement rates display no behavioral effect.     

The public relevance of the church and Catholicism in Italy

Abstract

This article highlights the particular situation of the Catholic religion in Italy which distinguishes itself for its systematic organization, active association-forming and cultural vitality, unrivalled in any other European country either Protestant or Catholic. On the one hand the church in Italy still disposes of such a wealth of clergy and religious figures, dioceses and parishes, educational and social institutions, ecclesiastical groups and associations, and so on, that it can maintain a diffuse presence scattered over the national territory; it deploys numerous forces and resources which form an integral part of normal social relationships that animate civil society. On the other hand, the church and Italian Catholicism today are particularly active at a cultural level, with their contribution of ideas and experience on vital questions arising in social coexistence (ranging from the family to bioethics, from religious freedom to the secular State, from national identity to the multiethnic presence, and so on).     

吉林大学文物室藏古陶文

吉林大学文物室藏着一批古陶文实物 ,皆未经著录。作者按国别与时代 ,对这些陶文作了分类整理。文中对若干陶文的释读 ,提出了新的意见。     

20世纪60年代前期的大兴调查研究之风与国民经济调整

20世纪60年代前期的大兴调查研究之风和国民经济调整同属探索时期的中国共产党在遭遇挫折之后,郑重地自省并自纠其缺点错误而采取的重大举措。调查研究为经济调整提供了可靠的依据和坚实的基础,经济调整成为推动调查研究之风形成广泛深入之势的强大动力。调查研究和经济调整二者在实践中形成良性互动,同时二者的实践还使全党重新恢复了实事求是的理性传统,进一步证明实事求是思想路线对党的各项事业的重要作用。     

比较文明学的当代形态及研究实践

比较文明研究是全球化时代的一种新兴的研究方向与学科,它对于理解当代世界多元文化共存的局面有重要意义,所以受到国际学术界的高度重视;文明与文化概念之间存在着差异与同一关系;比较文明学具有学科建设的方法论意义,比较文明研究的语境受到世界各民族文明之间关系不同历史阶段的影响;国内文明比较研究已经具备创建新学科与理论形态的条件;综合世界比较文明研究的主要模式,中国比较文明研究理论可以将世界文明分为八大文明体系,从文明认识论、本体论、方法论与实践论等层次进行理论建构。     

The Impact of Temporary Immigrant Workforce Growth on Employee Verification Policies in the United States

The U.S. Department of Labor admits temporary immigrant workers to address labor shortages in local markets. Yet, do elected officials make it less difficult for some immigrants than others to secure employment in a state? Using U.S. temporary immigrant labor admissions data between 2006 and 2014, I examine the extent to which growth rates of main foreign‐born subgroups influence E‐Verify policies that require employers to authenticate the legal immigration status of employees. I find that state policymakers are less likely to enact E‐Verify policies in response to the growth of immigrants who work in specialty occupations (H‐1b visas). In contrast, the growth of immigrants working in nonspecialty occupations (H‐2a and H‐2b visas) increases the likelihood of enacting E‐Verify policies over time. The results suggest that policymakers release strict rules for employment only for highly educated immigrants who work in specialty occupations that offer higher paying salaries and career advancement opportunities. Disaggregating a monolithic foreign‐born population indicator into more specific class components provides an important contribution to public policy studies. Scholars will likely overlook the contrasting effects of specialty and nonspecialty immigrant workforce growth on policy decisions relating to immigrant employment.     

《归潜志》史论的内涵与意旨

刘祁《归潜志》作于金亡之后,这是一部记述金代人物事迹的著作,其史论着眼于文治的视角,反思了金代兴亡的原因.探讨了士风与国祚之间的关系.另一方面,《归潜志》史论也反映了作者对新皇朝文治的希翼,具有明显的政治意义.     

统购统销政策的取消与中国农村改革的深化

中国的改革开放是从农村开始的。在农村改革的第一步即实行以"大包干"为主的家庭联产承包责任制取得一定成效后,必然要求改革农村商品流通体制,变革农村的产业结构,取消实施已久的农产品统购统销制度,建立新型的农村发展体制。目前国内学术界对农村改革起步阶段的研究相当重视,并取得了许多成果,而对农村改革第二阶段的研究则相对薄弱。本文在梳理相关资料基础上,对农村统购统销制度改革中的若干问题进行分析,揭示中国农村改革的曲折性与反复性,展现中国共产党领导中国人民矢志改革的坚定决心、追求国强民富的信心及冷静处理改革中出现的新问题的能力。     

殷墟龟腹甲新缀三则

本文新缀龟腹甲三则,并分别作了说明与考释。内容涉及商代农业、田猎、祭祀、丧葬等诸多方面,其中第二则缀合,更为历组卜辞时代提前说提供了强有力的支持。     

抗战胜利后国民政府的棉纱布抛售政策研究

本文主要探讨抗战胜利后在纺织事业管理委员会(代表国民政府)之管制下,中国纺织建设公司(代表国营纱厂)和上海及苏浙皖区棉纺织工业组成的第六区机器棉纺织工业同业公会(代表民营纱厂)实行棉纱布抛售政策的过程,进而探析纺织资本家对该政策的态度及其与政府的关系.     

中国共产党早期对私营经济的认识及政策演变(1921～1936)

从建党初期开始,共产党人在探索中国革命道路过程中,不断深化对私营经济在中国社会经济中的性质、地位和作用的认识,并在政治斗争实践中,初步形成了一些关于民族资本主义工商业的方针政策。中国共产党对私营经济早期认识的曲折、反复以及在政策上的摇摆,折射出这一时期共产党人对中国国情认识的逐步深化和对革命发展道路的复杂与艰辛的探索。