浅析十七届四中全会对党内民主建设的创新

中共十七届四中全会关于党内民主建设提出了很多新思想、新观点,主要有：党内民主是党的生命,集中统一是党的力量保证;在党内民主建设中要坚持和完善党的领导制度;以保障党员民主权利为根本,以加强党内基层民主建设为基础;完善党代表大会制度和党内选举制度;完善党内民主决策机制等。     

关于发展党内民主的若干思考

党内民主是执政党的生命,是提高党的执政能力的关键。我们党加强执政能力建设,必须发展党内民主,保障党员权利,完善党内选举制度,健全完善"两会"制度,加强监督机制建设,以实现党内民主的制度化和法律化。     

党内民主制度启示

现代社会的政治文明是政党制度文明,尤其是执政党的制度文明。欲使整个社会呈现政治文明,就必须使执政党的执政理念、政治行为纳入党内民主进程,纳入党内制度建设的程序,方显党内公正与党内和谐,以带动整个社会民主与社会和谐。中国的执政党是中国共产党,政党制度是中国共产党领导下的多党合作制。在这样一个宪法原则下,本文试图探讨党内民主与党的制度建设相结合的必然性,以及如何扩大党内民主。     

党内民主建设的历程回顾及思考

中国共产党自创立以来就把党内民主建设作为自身建设的重大历史课题。在90多年的艰难探索与实践中积累了丰富的经验,取得了显著成果。回顾党内民主建设的历程,总结党内民主建设的经验教训,对于丰富发展党内民主理论,提高党的科学执政水平具有十分重要的意义。     

浅议党内民主发展存在的问题及解决途径

中国共产党是执政党,党内民主是党的生命。所以进一步发展党内民主对巩固政权和构建社会主义和谐社会有着重大的意义。然而党内民主发展中还存在许多问题。所以为了进一步发展党内民主,必须找到发展党内民主的有效途径。     

关于干部工作民主化之浅见

干部工作民主化，是干部制度改革的重要内容，是党的群众路线在干部工作中的贯彻和体现，也是建立适应社会主义市场经济要求的干部管理机制的需要。党的十四届四中全会作出的《中共中央关于加强党的建设几个重大问题的决定》指出：“扩大选拔任用领导干部工作中的民主”，“要疏通和拓宽党内民主渠道，使党员对党内事务有更多的了解和参与。”因此，进一步实现干部工作的民主化，对于正确地坚持党的干部路线，保证党的重大方针政策的贯彻落实，都具有十分重要的现实意义。干部工作民主化势在必行干部工作民主化，是发扬民主、建设社会主义民…     

论陈云的党内民主思想

要充分发扬党内民主,是贯穿陈云革命人生的一个重要主张。他认为无产阶级政党 应当是最有纪律的党,也是最讲民主的党。在执政条件下坚持和发扬党内民主,是防止官僚主义、 保证党的正确领导和推进人民民主的重要条件。党内民主,就是要有正常的党内生活。要正确理解 和处理民主制与集中制的关系;要尊重和保证党员的民主权利;要有积极而健康的批评和自我批 评;健全党内民主,要有制度保证。陈云的党内民主思想具有重要的理论价值和现实指导意义。     

加强党的制度建设 提高党的制度建设水平

党的制度,即党内法规和制度是党在长期革命和建设实践中,以文件形态或习惯传统形态传承下来的,是各级党组织和全体党员共同遵守的办事规程和行为准则。我们通常把党的制度分为五大类型,好党的组织制度、领导制度、工作制度、生活制度和监督制度。加强党的制度建设,对于调节党内关系、指导党内生活,规范领导行为,保证党的事业的顺利发展具有极其重要的意义。一党的制度建设,是指通过建立健全党内法规和制度,严格执行党的纪律,使党的工作和活动逐步实现规范化、科学化、制度化。党的制度建设应该包括以下几个方面的含义：（1）党的…     

浅析党内民主建设在新时期的重要性

党内民主建设是关系到党的生机与活力的重大问题,是关乎党的生命的紧迫问题。党内民主是党的生命,也是加强和改进党的建设、保持党的先进性的关键环节。党内民主建设在党的建设中和建设社会主义和谐社会中都具有重要意义。     

论改革开放以来党内基层民主建设的基本经验

党内民主是党的生命,党内基层民主是党内民主的基础性工程。科学总结中国共产党改革开放以来推进党内基层民主建设的基本经验,对于党在新的历史时期扩大党内基层民主、增强党内生活的原则性和透明度具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.