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1.
Margaret W. Conkey 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2007,14(3):285-310
This paper raises questions about the practice of theory in anthropological archaeology. Particular attention is given to
questions surrounding the gender of theory: what genders are more heralded in the theoretical spotlights and how the subject
position of doing theory is gendered. An analysis of the contents of four Readers of Archaeological Theory shows the problematic
selection and thus representation of women’s theoretical contributions, including their effective ghettoization in gender
and feminist archaeology. Insights from how feminists have been grappling with theory are considered, and archaeologists are
urged to confront the ways in which “doing theory” is/is not valued and how it is differentially valued, and to discuss the
place and uses of theory more explicitly and critically. 相似文献
2.
Suzanne M. Spencer-Wood 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(4):498-526
“Powered cultural landscapes” is my term for landscapes that express social power dynamics. Historical archaeologists have
not adopted or developed adequate definitions or theorizations of the terms “power” or “landscape.” Since these terms are
predominantly considered separately in the literature, this article first briefly defines power and develops a heterarchical
theory of power. Then cultural landscapes are defined and categories of human-landscape interactions are constructed. The
bulk of the article applies my heterarchical paradigm to analyze the social power dynamics in selected examples of historical
archaeological research concerned with each category of human-landscape interaction. 相似文献
3.
Anna S. Agbe-Davies 《Archaeologies》2011,7(3):574-595
As social scientists, archaeologists have specialized ideas about what “community” entails. But the concept resonates well
beyond the scholarly realm. What did “community” mean to the people whose lives we study? What does it mean to the groups
with which we engage in the present? The answers to these questions have implications for the legitimacy of archaeologists’
claims to engage in “community archaeology.” Here, the author uses period texts—newspapers—and focus group data to explore
the contours of “community” as understood at two sites with active community archaeology programs. 相似文献
4.
The construction of “citizen-state” relations in the intellectual world of modern China and the establishment of individual
citizenship in political discourse have opened up a political and discourse sphere for modern women to strive for new identities,
wherein some intellectually advanced women have managed to establish their individual identity as “female citizen” by carrying
the debate on the relationship between women and the state with regard to their rights and responsibilities, and on the relationship
between gender role and citizenship. Though the idea of “female citizen” was not provided with a political theory of practical
significance, the subject identity of women, however, was repeatedly spoken about and strengthened in brand-new literary practices,
resulting in a dynamic discourse of “female citizen”; in the meantime, disagreements concerning the concepts of “female rights,”
“civil rights,” and “natural rights” have all helped create significant tension inside the related discourse sphere.
Translated by Feng Mei from Nankai Xuebao 南开学报 (Journal of Nankai University), 2008, (4): 40–47 相似文献
5.
Prudence M. Rice 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2009,16(2):117-156
Studies of the organization of Maya pottery production have been pursued via numerous methods but without theoretical models.
I review available data on production of Late Classic southern lowland Maya polychrome pottery in light of my calendrically
based may model of geopolitical organization. I conclude that: (1) production arrangements vary by “kind” of pottery; (2) “craft specialization”
and “workshops” are inappropriate concepts; (3) study of polychrome production necessitates multiple approaches, including
analysis of decorative content; (4) better “bridging arguments” and “middle-range theory” are needed; (5) figural polychromes
were “inalienable” wealth goods; and (6) they were painted in palaces of primary and secondary centers—may and k'atun seats in the model—in realm-specific signature styles. 相似文献
6.
The Mornington Island Mission in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, was a site of historical engagement between Aboriginal
people and missionaries. In this paper, we apply the theoretical concepts of “domains” and the “intercultural” to the investigation
of this engagement between 1914 and 1942, when the mission was overseen by the Reverend Robert Wilson. Through the examination
of the removal of Aboriginal children, the establishment of a mission compound and Aboriginal camp and the inclusion of Aboriginal
adults into the mission compound through production and economy, we show how mutually constituted domains operated. At the
same time, the interaction between Aboriginal adults and children with missionaries within these domains was increasingly
intercultural in nature. Thus, both “domains” and the “intercultural” are shown to have relevance to the historical case study. 相似文献
7.
Susan Kus 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》1997,4(3-4):199-213
It has been said that “archaeology is anthropology or it is nothing.” And so archaeologists have become conversant in and
contributors to cultural theory. Other archaeologists have undertaken ethnoarchaeological studies on material culture when
ethnographers have not supplied the data needed. Yet archaeologists might undertake more traditional participant-observation
fieldwork to help nuance the cultural questions we ask and to render our tales of the past more convincing, in particular,
when we purport to speak of the sensuous and meaningful experience of the “prehistoric other.” This article discusses the
venturing of one archaeologist in Madagascar tracking aspects of the classic problem of state origins across archaeology,
oral history, ethnoarchaeology, and ethnography.
This process of joining objective analysis to lived experience is perhaps the most proper task of anthropology, the one that
distinguishes it from other social science… 相似文献
8.
Jianxin Hou 《Frontiers of History in China》2007,2(1):1-24
The Western terms “feudal” and “feudalism” have been widely and improperly translated as “fengjian” in contemporary China. The early Western Sinologists and Chinese scholars, including Yan Fu, did not originally make such
a translation. Yan initially transliterated the term “feudalism” as fute zhi in his early translations. It was not until the 20th century, when Western classical evolutionism found its way into China,
that “feudalism” was reduced to an abstract concept, and the Western European model was generalized as a framework for understanding
development in China and the whole world. Only then did Yan Fu first equate “feudalism” with “fengjian,” and China was believed to have experienced a “feudal society” in the same sense as Europe. From the perspective of intellectual
history, using evidential and theoretical analyses, this article attempts to show that feudalism was a historical product
in the development of Western Europe and existed only in Europe, “fengjian” is a system appropriate only in discussions of pre-Qin China, and China from the Qin to the Qing experienced instead a system
of imperial autocracy. The medieval periods in the West and in China evidence widely divergent social forms and hence should
not be confused with the same label.
__________
Translated from Zhongguo Shehui Kexue 中国社会科学 (Social Sciences in China), 2005, (6): 173–188 相似文献
9.
Maryam Dezhamkhooy 《Archaeologies》2011,7(2):372-386
Identity is one of the most important matters in social theory, especially in recent decades. Identity is a fluid phenomenon
which forms in the process of every day activities. Individuals get practical knowledge of society to do intentional practices.
They operate actively in identitizing process. Gender identity is one of important dimensions of individual identities constituting
in social relations to others. Different socio-economic classes experience different social relations and engage in different
identity processes. This research studies the formation process of feminine identity in the process of marriage (in contrast
with the concept of virginity) in lower socio-economic classes of Bam. Body as site of identity and focus of close contact
between agency and structure becomes the object of various changes and with creating difference-especially within group differences-distinguishes
individuals from one another. Cultural materials is used intentionally in this process. The research is based on finds of
“Bam Contemporary Archaeology Project: Excavation in Disastrous Layers”. Six collapsed houses ruined by 2003 earthquake have
been excavated. Meshkani House which is represents low socio-economic class is the focus of research. The research take an
archaeological approach (reconstructing behavioral patterns of individual and societies base on material culture) investigating
gender structure and gender sociability processes in Bam, Iran. The sites being contemporary, has created an extended range
of facts. In some cases for better understanding of the context, local people were interviewed .The information from “Disaster
Ethno-archaeology Project of Bam” was also used in this study. 相似文献
10.
In this article, I present some results of the archaeological study about the cultural manifestation of the Ranquels. This
Indian group occupied the north part of the province of La Pampa, Argentina, from the late eighteenth century until the end
of the nineteenth century. Through a perspective that links the theoretical and methodological purposes of historical archaeology
of the landscape, I analyze the settlements' distributions, the access to natural resources, the methods of circulation, and
the strategies of interethnic conflict with the national army and the colonists on the border area. Taking into consideration
the archaeological record and its contrast with written sources, I have defined some indicators about the process of culture
change. My special interest concerns changes in nineteenth-century Ranquel material culture produced before the dissolution
of the ethnic groups because of the military actions of the “desert conquest.” 相似文献
11.
Angela Middleton 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(1):170-187
This paper discusses missionization in New Zealand and Australia during the nineteenth century. Despite sharing aspects of
colonial history and a geographical proximity in the South Pacific, the development of missions in both countries was disparate,
leading to two very different types of missions, types I have identified as the “household” mission in New Zealand and the
“institutional” mission in Australia. In both types common themes can be found, concerned with the “civilizing mission,” domesticity,
and gender roles. These two types of missions were replicated in other parts of the globe, such as North America and the Pacific. 相似文献
12.
Meghan C. L. Howey 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2011,15(3):329-357
Copper kettles, in high demand among indigenous communities of the Northeast/Great Lakes, became prominent items in the exchange
repertoires of early Basque, French and Dutch traders. Kettles’ origin with these “Others” and its connection to a medium
(copper) that had held symbolic significance for millennia led them to be used in an indigenous ‘metaphorical’ value regime
influencing trade during the late sixteenth/early seventeenth century. An artisan living on the threshold of colonial encounter
in Northern Michigan between 1470 and 1660 CE—having seen European goods but not having access to them—harnessed the mimetic
faculty to make a small, miniature, ceramic imitation or skeuomorph of a European trade kettle. Rather than the sincerest
form of flattery, I suggest this imitation was made to acquire the power of the original to fend off the colonial danger and
to connect to this symbolic value regime. I suggest the “magic” of mimesis offered personal and organizational power in the
indigenous Northeast/Great Lakes during early contact. This specific case speaks more broadly to how mimesis can provide a
robust framework for exploring the material cultures of colonial encounter. 相似文献
13.
Jin Jiang 《Frontiers of History in China》2007,2(2):234-253
The rise of the melodrama as a literary and theatrical genre appears to have had a co-relation with the rise of industrial
cities in modern times around the globe from Europe, North America, to East Asia. In China, this phenomenon manifested itself
in the yanqing (lit. speaking of feelings) genre that dominated the popular culture scene in Shanghai in the most part of the twentieth
century. While the yanqing genre was an expression of particular Chinese modern experiences, it also provided a channel for these local experiences
to partake in and enrich a global experience of modernity. This study shows how yanqing arts helped ordinary Shanghai residents deal with changing patterns of gender, love, and family relations in the fast-growing
and modernizing city. Through such re-examination of the yanqing culture this study tries to shed new light on some important questions in modern Chinese history and help correct traditional
elite views of this history.
Translated from Shilin 史林 (Historical Review), 2006, (4): 70–79
Parts of this article have been presented at the international conference, “As China Meets the World: China’s Changing Position
in the International Community, 1840–2000,” held at Vienna, May 15–19, 2004; and “The First Modern Chinese Social History
Conference,” held in Qingdao, Shandong, August 2005. It is modified by the author when translated into English. 相似文献
14.
This article reviews current developments in European regional studies. A brief history of settlement archaeology as practiced
in Europe is followed by a discussion of new approaches to regional analysis and surface survey. I argue that recent, steady
investments in the technology, methods, and theory of regional archaeological analysis and surface survey have stimulated
advances in the study of settlement patterns and settlement pattern change through time in many parts of Europe. When innovative
technologies (e.g., remote sensing, GPS, GIS), methods (e.g., geoarchaeology, “siteless” survey), and new theoretical frameworks
(both processual and postprocessual) have been combined, breakthroughs in our understanding of European settlement have resulted.
In the last half of the article, I describe some of these breakthroughs in a broad discussion of European settlement history,
beginning with the earliest prehistory of Europe through the Middle Ages. Shifts in perspective are particularly apparent
for phases of transition: from the Middle to Upper Paleolithic, Paleolithic to Mesolithic to Neolithic, and with the rise
and expansion of states. 相似文献
15.
Joshua Samuels 《Archaeologies》2010,6(1):62-81
Foucault’s concept of the “heterotopia” has been applied broadly throughout the humanities and social sciences. Archaeologies
of the recent past are well-suited to examine these “other spaces”: blurring the line between past and present while juxtaposing
archaeological, archival, and ethnographic data, they can draw attention to the gaps, contradictions, and alternate orderings
that make up the world around us. Using the extensive agricultural land reforms and building programs undertaken by Italy’s
Fascist government in Sicily in the 1940s as an example, I extend the heterotopia concept to an analysis of archaeological
landscapes, critically exploring the benefits and limitations of a heterotopic perspective in archaeological contexts. 相似文献
16.
Suzanne M. Spencer-Wood Sherene Baugher 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(4):463-474
This article starts by defining the term “powered cultural landscapes” and then provides a brief history of research on this
topic in historical archaeology, starting with the settlement pattern paradigm that did not use the word “landscape,” and
progressing to the landscape paradigm and the subsequent increasing use of the word “power” in cultural landscape research.
Topics of research initially addressed landscape power dynamics between classes, followed by racial, ethnic, and finally gender
power dynamics. Frameworks for analyzing power dynamics have progressed from the Marxian domination and resistance framework
for class and racial power dynamics, followed by feminist analyses of male domination, to the recent development of a feminist
inclusive heterarchical model of power dynamics. 相似文献
17.
Alison Wylie 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2007,14(3):209-216
Gender research archaeology has made significant contributions, but its dissociation from the resources of feminist scholarship
and feminist activism is a significantly limiting factor in its development. The essays that make up this special issue illustrate
what is to be gained by making systematic use of these resources. Their distinctively feminist contributions are characterized
in terms of the recommendations for “doing science as a feminist” that have taken shape in the context of the long running
“feminist method debate” in the social sciences. 相似文献
18.
In this paper we consider archaeology as a product of social interaction, and discuss how ancient Egyptian materiality has
been an important part of identity building in Brazil. We begin by reviewing our theoretical setting, and suggest that a postmodern
approach is most helpful to our goal of understanding the social context of the public uses of archaeology. The paper then
turns to the trajectory of “Egyptomania” in Brazil, from the 19th century onwards, highlighting the importance of cultural
movements such as Kardecism and Masonry in this trend. We argue that the use of Egyptian subjects in Brazil has connections
with social inequality, racism, and gender biases. Finally, we present a case study on positive recent trends in the presentation
of ancient Egypt in school textbooks which highlights critical approaches to the use of ancient Egyptian subjects in contemporary
Brazil. 相似文献
19.
Maria O’Donovan 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2011,15(2):267-278
The Catskill Mountains in upstate New York have been a tourist destination since the early nineteenth century. At a superficial
level, the history of Catskill tourism follows a basic trajectory from elite destination in the nineteenth century to more
inclusive tourist area in the twentieth century. This trajectory incorporates a “trickle down” theory of tourism and leisure
that masks the complexity of changes in social relations. Jewish tourism in the Catskills evidences how class, ethnic, and
gender relations intertwined in the creation of a specific place—the Borscht Belt. Archaeology in the Borscht Belt places
tourism within larger capitalist relations in America and complicates concepts of tourism as consumption and leisure. 相似文献
20.
Zhitian Luo 《Frontiers of History in China》2009,4(4):479-509
Research on modern Chinese history in the past 30 years can be equally divided into two parts, which are different in terms
of attended issues, observed objects, and investigated topics, and also employ different perspectives to explore “problems,”
utilize different materials, and resort to different formats for narration. To understand this “thirty-year” (post-1978) historiography,
it is necessary to go back to the “seventeen-year” (1949–1966) research before the Cultural Revolution and examine and analyze
these studies for trends of continuity and fracture in the accumulation of scholarship. On the other hand, future research
should be cautious about even an unconscious tendency of self-isolation, keep an open mind, and fully consider the numerous
foreign elements “present in China” in the modern period, their consequences, and impact. 相似文献