四川古代造船业发展概况

巴蜀造船事业起源甚早。传说夏禹治水所乘的独木舟。就是在四川梓潼制造的,它是各种船只的始祖。在昭化、广汉、巴县等地出土的船棺,长约五米,宽约一米,首尾差别不大,各地相距八、九百里。而出土船棺却有相似之处。再次证明岷江、长江、嘉陵江一船相通。巴蜀先民逐水生息,生前乘船。死后以船为棺。也说明舟船的重要地位。秦人巴蜀,随即在四川大造舟船,以便浮江伐楚。     

蒲江船棺墓与新都木椁墓出土印章的研究

蒲江船棺墓与新都木椁墓出土印章的研究吴怡在四川巴蜀文化的考古发掘中,发现并出土了大量的青铜印章。从已经出土的情况来看,这些青铜印章大致可以分成汉字印和巴蜀符号印等几类。印章的印文也可以分为符号文和篆书字体等几种。在有的巴蜀青铜印章的印文中已经出现了汉...     

读《宣汉罗家坝》札记

四川宣汉罗家坝遗址在巴国考古和巴文化研究中有重要地位,自发现以来一直受到学界的高度关注。《宣汉罗家坝》是巴文化研究第一部田野考古报告,它的出版将大大推动罗家坝遗址考古和巴文化的深入研究。报告中的方形墓坑的M33应为船棺葬,可至少推测复原出7具船棺。M33出土了一件标准的楚式缶,有耳,同墓所出的铜环推测跟耳配套,时代为战国时期。船棺葬并非巴人特有葬俗,推测广元和汉中至少一部分为蜀所控制,并存在一条蜀和中原地区直接联系的道路。     

成都商业街船棺出土漆器及相关问题探讨

商业街船棺出土漆器与楚漆器相比有相似之处,但区别是十分明显的。商业街船棺出土漆器的纹饰完全是模仿同时期中原式青铜器上的蟠螭纹和红铜镶嵌的龙纹。题材单一,缺少变化,从漆器的这些特征推测,战国早期前后的蜀国青铜器中应有较多中原风格的青铜器,说明蜀的上层统治向慕中原化。     

论船棺葬

船棺葬是中国南方和东南亚各地乃至太平洋群岛普遍流行的一种葬俗.本文广泛收集了到目前为止发现的有关船棺葬的考古学资料和民俗学资料,进而论述了船相葬的分布、时代、族属和所反映的丧葬观念.文章认为,行船棺葬的民族均属蒙古利亚人种南亚类型,船棺葬俗实际是海洋民族的重要文化特征.船是海洋民族生产与生活中不可缺少的用具,死后以船为棺,目的是满足死者在想象的另一世界中的生存需要,并祈求死者福佑活着的人们,即行船棺葬的目的是为了人,而不是为了神.它集中体现了海洋民族的信仰,追求和生活方式.     

什邡荥经船棺葬墓地有关问题探讨

最近出版了由四川省文物考古研究所编辑的《四川考古报告集》①,其中发表了《什邡市城关战国秦汉墓发掘报告》和《荥经同心村巴蜀船棺葬发掘报告》,另外还有《涪陵小田溪９号墓发掘简报》和《广元市昭化宝轮院船棺葬发掘简报》。在小田溪以往曾发掘过两批７座墓葬②,此次发掘的９号墓从各方面看与“前两次发掘的一样”。其为巴文化墓葬已无疑问。昭化宝轮院共清理９座墓,“与１９５４年所出船棺葬处在同一个墓葬区域”。出土器物也“都与该地过去发现的船棺葬所出器物相似”。１９５４发掘的船棺葬属巴文化③,所以此次发掘的船棺葬属巴…     

什邡船棺葬出土方形王印考

1992年1月,在四川省什邡县丝绸厂工地发掘的21号船棺葬,出土了一批珍贵文物,其中有1件铜质方形印,印长宽各3.5、厚0.2厘米。背中间有小圆穿孔鼻纽,四周有4字;印面有图形符号。1994年8月,李江、杨剑在四川召开的先秦史暨巴蜀文化国际学术讨论会上首作报道,题为《由什邡战国船棺墓群略谈相关一些问题》,认为印背     

蒲江新出土巴蜀图语印章探索

１９９８年１月５日,在蒲江县城东１公里处的鹤山镇飞龙村６组建筑工地,发掘出１具战国时期的船棺,船棺中出土１枚巴蜀图语铜印,至此,该村先后已发现船棺５具,出土巴蜀图语铜印２枚。新出土的铜印,形制奇特,为鱼形印,张开的鱼嘴,肥硕的鱼身,燕尾似的尾鳍向上翘,形似鳜鱼（蒲江俗称巨婆鱼）,背面桥形纽（图一）。这种鱼在四川河中是常见的品种,也是蒲江河溪水域中的常产。过去出土的巴蜀图语印章,形制上有正方形、长方形、八角形、圆形、椭圆形、半圆形（或称山字形）。鱼形印在四川是首次发现。鱼形印长３厘米,最宽处１．９…     

商业街船棺蜀字一解

2002年,成都商业街发现战国时期的独木棺和船棺群,其中一具土型船棺棺尾有一古蜀文字,形如十字交叉的两把双头叉（如图一）。此字孙化君推测为“帝”字,意味着棺主有蜀帝的身份。     

■竝■戈跋

此戈长27.4,援长19.1,内长8.3,胡长13.8,栏长14.8厘米,有三穿,重510克。一九五九年得于上海炼艺銅厂廢銅中。戈有銘六字,曰"(?)",内上有巴族象形符号一組,与四川冬笋壩船棺葬出土銅兵所鑄符号类同(参閱《四川船棺葬发掘报告》五十三頁插图之2与9)。戈身飾虎紋,虎身下延直至胡末,双耳突出,越栏至内上,以包戈柲。《后汉书》卷一一六載巴之     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.