大东北的山东人

当“闯关东”作为几代人的情结将要被记忆尘封的时候．“振兴东北”让东北又一次光鲜地站在了世人面前。山东人是“闯关东”的主力军。那这些移民到东北的山东人现在怎么样了呢?为此,我特意走访了三个东北的山东屯。     

闯关中--史上一次主动和有意义的移民纪实

史上一次主动和有意义的移民纪实一部经典的电视剧《闯关东》,让更多人了解了历史上这次悲壮的移民运动。但鲜为人知的是,在不同的历史时期,为了躲避战乱和灾荒,山东人也曾携家带口“闯关中”。     

闯关东,重组近代东北

山海关古称榆关,从古至今都是中国内地通往东北地区的交通要道.山海关以东,也就是东北地区,在明朝以后又俗称为关东.闯关东中的“关”,指的就是山海关.闯关东是17世纪至20世纪中国内地向关东移民运动的一种俗称,山东、河北、河南、山西等省的流民,或为生活所迫,或为关东物产所诱,筚路蓝缕地“闯关”或“渡海”前往关东地区艰苦创业.     

吴大澂宁古塔招民实边引发闯关东大潮

中国近代史,可说是一部列强侵华史,也是一部中国人民的抗争和探索史。这一时期发生的无数次大大小小的战争,使中国社会发展尤其是经济发展遭受严重破坏,数千万人丧生。而从清末到抗战时期,近半个世纪的中国移民大潮——“闯关东”,则拯救了山东、河北、山西、河南、淮北、内蒙中部广大北方地区千百万饥寒交迫、濒临死亡的人民生命。     

《陈明侯将军》序

《陈明侯将军》序张海鹏陈隽先生、佟立容女士所编纂的《陈明侯将军》一书告成,推我写序。我与此书有些许关系,难以辞谢。陈干,字明侯,山东昌邑人,中国同盟会会员。幼年家贫,１６岁离家闯关东时,寻觅辽沈一带甲午战场遗迹,深感国家受辱,人民遭难,即投身于挽救国...     

近代中国的三次大移民

闯关东、走西口、下南洋,被称为近代中国的三次大移民。相比于中国古代数次移民浪潮和当代意义上的移民活动,这三次大移民具有明显的几个特点:一是时间漫长。三次大移民的起始与终结,并不局限于1840—1919年这个历史教科书规定的中国近代时限之内,实际上早在第一次鸦片战争之前就已经出现,五四运动之后也远没有停止甚至还掀起高潮。三次大移     

重走先人之路 真实的“闯关东”

300多年以前,一股"闯关东"的浪潮席卷山东。齐鲁大地上的农民们推着小车.挑着担子.用两条腿开拓出一条充满血泪的"闯关东"之路。一个"闯"字,沸腾了他们的生活,也造就了他们的性格。当时光渐渐冲淡这段历史时,一部电视剧《闯关东》.将人们尘封的记忆重新唤醒。主人公朱开山,似乎就是他们的时代背影。"闯关东"人群的后代如今生活怎样?是否真的如朱开山般智、勇、忠、义?……记者沿着当年"闯关东"的线路.走进了这个群体。无论是200多年前的周氏兄弟,还是近50年前的殷敬海、寇前塘.他们像一群驰骋在东北三省茫茫雪原上的"西部牛仔".挎枪、骑马、闯天下;他们大块吃肉,大碗喝酒.豪气冲天.又充满民族正义感;他们那段辛酸而又激扬的历史.正是一代代山东人的英雄本色。     

吴村民间信仰活动调查

同很多东北村落一样,笔者进行调查的吴村也是一个移民村。据村中人讲,“老吴家”原来是在旗人,祖籍山东,先祖曾做过将军(吴氏宗谱就是以这位将军为族群源头的),不过在告老还乡时命终于半路,致使家族无法兴盛,仍旧以种地为生,生活十分穷苦。后来这位先祖的后代有兄弟四人闯关东来到辽南复县,分三处拓荒务农,吴村便是其中之一。     

我亲历的日本关东军投降

正我叫康登勤,生于1935年2月,家在山东省金乡县化雨乡袁集村。1941年,我6岁的时候,家里生活十分困难,当时在我们山东老家有着闯关东的传统,当生活实在过不下去的时候,亲邻们往往一起携家带口去东北谋生,闯关东虽然也很艰苦,大多都是干苦力活,但毕竟能吃上饭。在此之前,我们村里就有人到东北谋生,并在哈尔滨落下了脚。我的父亲康     

他打响东北矿工抗日第一枪——纪念东北抗联11军军长祁致中烈士诞辰一百周年

<正>今年是东北抗日联军11军军长,祁致中烈士诞辰一百年的日子。祁致中,山东曹县常乐集乡赵连成村祁庄人,1913年出生,1931年随同乡闯关东来到依兰东沟驼腰子金矿当工人。东北沦陷后,日本侵略军占领驼腰子。为了全面掠夺黄金资源,他们开始了大量的地质勘查,并有组织、有计划、深层次的推进开采。日本侵略者在驼腰子设置了金矿局后,驼腰子     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

The Chemists' Style of Thinking

Der Denkstil der Chemiker. Der Aufsatz diskutiert die Tragfähigkeit des Begriffes “Denkstil”, wie er von Alistair Crombie eingeführt und Ian Hacking aufgegriffen wurde, für das Verständnis dessen, wie das Fach Chemie historisch seine Identität ausgeprägt hat. Obwohl weder Crombie noch Hacking den Begriff “Denkstil” in Bezug auf einzelne Disziplinen verwendet haben, erscheint im Fall der Chemie seine Anwendung besonders vielversprechend, weil er hier hilft, ein zentrales Problem zu thematisieren – nämlich die Frage, wie es Chemikern trotz wechselnder Gegenstandsbereiche und theoretischer Umbrüche gelang, eine eigenständige und stabile Identität auszubilden. Nach einer Einführung in den Begriff “Denkstil”, argumentiert der Aufsatz, dass die Beständigkeit der Chemie als eines Faches wesentlich in ihren Laborpraktiken gründet, die ihrerseits wiederum die spezifische Art der Fragen bestimmten, die Chemiker in ihren Forschungen stellten bzw. die Form der Antworten, nach denen sie suchten. Folgende Merkmale kennzeichnen diesen “chemischen Denkstil” (1) eine spezifische, im Herstellen begründete Form des Wissens, (2) die Befassung mit einzelnen Stoffen und Materialien statt mit Materie im Allgemeinen und (3) eine Beobachtung von Natur besonders im Hinblick auf Transformationsprozesse. The Chemists' Style of Thinking. This paper discusses the relevance of the notion of “styles of scientific thinking” introduced by Alistair Crombie and revisited by Ian Hacking, for understanding how chemistry shaped its identity. Although neither Crombie nor Hacking applied this notion to individual disciplines, it seems appropriate to use it in the case of chemistry because it helps to address a puzzling issue: how did chemists manage to shape an identity of their own, despite shifting territories and theoretical transformations? Following a presentation of the notion of style, I will argue that the stable identity of chemistry is rooted in laboratory practices, which determined the specific questions that chemists put to nature as well as the answers to their questions. The “chemical style of thinking” is characterized by i) a specific way of knowing through making, ii) the concern with individual materials rather than matter in general and iii) a specific commitment to nature.