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Maurice Lagueux 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》1998,119(1):63-88
Over the last few decades, such important philosophers as Walter B. Gallie, Arthur Danto, Louis Mink, Hayden White and Paul Ric?ur have drawn attention to the role of narrative in history. After evoking the theses of these authors, this paper pays special attention to the works of David Carr which contend that historical action as such has a narrative structure. The paper discusses the consequences of such a «narrativism» and takes sides in the debate on this question which has been waged in part by William Dray and Noël Carroll. It is claimed that a «realistic» thesis on these matters might tend to generate the revival of a kind of speculative philosophy of history, which naturally would raise various questions concerning both political and historical analysis. 相似文献
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Maurice Caveing 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》1998,119(4):485-510
Historical research, during the last half-century, has improved our knowledge of the mathematics of Antiquity. Texts from Egypt and Mesopotamia have been better understood and their elucidation has left behind the crude alternative between empricism and rationalism. The landscape offered by Greek science grew richer and became more varied: it is no longer possible to reduce it to the sole geometrical theory. The main problems which were raised by its history have been deeply discussed. Things being so, more general questions arise, from an epistemological or philosophical point of view. Does the search into some far past of a single «birth» of mathematics make any sense? What link, if any, is there between the form of mathematics in such and such a civilization and its social structure? Can cultural anthropology help to elucidate the variety and unity of mathematics among various peoples? From what time and under what conditions is it possible for a single united historical progress of mathematics to begin? 相似文献
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Maria Donzelli 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2007,128(1-2):223-232
Sans résumé
Ses recherches portent sur l’histoire des idées du XVIII
e au XX
e siècle, sur la méthodologie philosophique et l’épistémologie. Elle a récemment publié, sous sa direction, Comparatismi e filosofia, Naples, Liguori, 2006.
à propos du recueil Les Mots de l’histoire. Le vocabulaire historique du Centre international de synthèse, édition établie, présentée et annotée par Margherita Platania, trad. de l’italien rév. par Catherine Rutili, Naples, Bibliopolis, 2000, 497 p. (Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici, Serie Testi, XIV). Ce texte est issu d’une
conférence prononcée le 3 mai 2002 au Centre international de synthèse, à Paris (H?tel de Nevers, salon de Madame de Lambert). 相似文献
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Françoise Waquet Jacques Schlosser Donatella Nebbiai-Dalla Guarda Joël Cornette Marie-Anne Polo De Beaulieu Marie-France Rouart Patrice Sicard Laurent Bourquin Monique Cottret Barbara de Negroni Jean-François Baillon François Moureau Bertil Belfrage Stéphane Michaud Patrick Gautier Dalché Frédéric Druck 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》1995,116(1):151-192
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Dominique Margairaz Philippe Minard 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2006,127(2):241-252
Sans résumé
a récemment publiéFran?ois de Neufchateau. Biographie intellectuelle, Paris, Publications de la Sorbonne, 2005.
a codirigé avec Steven Kaplan,La France, malade du corporatisme? xviii
e
–xx
e
siècles, Paris, Belin, 2004. 相似文献
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Löwy I 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》1995,116(1):27-54
In the 1910's and 1920', thanks to the conjunction of scientific views concerning the specificity of anti-bacterial antibodies, of lay ideas about the existence of anti-bacterial antibodies and of the perceived importance of developing a syphilis test for public health officials, the community of serologists collectively transformed a relatively inefficient diagnostic test described by Wassermann in 1906 into an "incontestable scientific fact". This "scientific fact" established the equivalence: Wassermann positive individual=person infected with the germ Treponema pallidum, the etiological agent of syphilis. It modified the boundaries of the nosologic entity "syphilis", medical practices, professional attitudes, lay perceptions of syphilis, and health policies. In the 1950's, however, discrepancies between Wassermann test data and epidemiological data and, on the other hand, the development of specific anti-treponemal tests, destabilized the previously stabilized "scientific fact". A high percentage of Wassermann positive individuals were redefined as "biological false positifs", that is persons who suffered from chronic affections able to induce positive results of the Wassermann test. The equivalence Wassermann positive person=individual infected by Treponema pallidum was replaced by the equation: Wassermann positive person=individual infected by Treponema pallidum or biological false positive. The new perception of the Wassermann test again changed scientific views, professional practices and lay beliefs. The history of the Wassermann reaction illustrates the complicated interaction between "scientific facts" and "social facts", and the mutual shaping of both. 相似文献