扶桑社《新历史教科书》的历史观

扶桑社的《新历史教科书》改订本在2005年由日本部科学省审定通过后,正在引起人们的注意,并开始了对这一教科书的批判。本强调的是：这本教科书确实对日本发动的侵略战争的历史事实进行了歪曲与掩盖,但这是由该书的基本的历史观所决定的。如果不对该书的理论体系所反映出来的历史观进行剖析,而简单地罗列其歪曲或掩盖的历史事实,有可能在不知不觉中陷入该教科书编织的理论体系,从而忽略了对该教科书最要害的本质问题的分析。《新历史教科书》的最本质的问题,是通过精心选取的历史资料,按照编设计的叙述过程,一步一步地建立起唯心主义史观的理论体系,这一体系肯定战前日本的“国体论”,而根本转移或充分淡化人们所关注的侵略战争的历史事实和所追究的侵略战争的历史责任,是把日本引向战争道路的危险的体系。     

Examining the Impact of Charter Schools on Performance in Traditional Public Schools

Charter schools have grown in popularity, as both citizens and government officials search for ways to improve public education in America. Much of the research on charter schools focuses on academic performance comparisons between charter schools and traditional public schools. Far less attention has been devoted to whether the presence of charter schools creates marketlike environments that bring about systemic improvements in public education. This study examines the extent to which charter schools stimulate performance gains in traditional public schools. The results show that charter schools contribute to modest overall performance improvements for students enrolled in traditional public schools. Charter schools help bring about stronger performance gains for low-income students enrolled in traditional public schools. The presence of charter schools also affects how financial and programmatic resources are allocated in traditional public schools.     

廪君巴人发源地“武落钟离山”地名新解

古代文献记载廪君巴人发源于"武落钟离山"。当代学者对"武落钟离山"这个历史地名的解释差异比较大,有的认为它是"武落山"、"钟离山"二山的合称,有的认为它的本名是"落钟山",有的认为它在湖北清江流域,有的认为它在重庆大宁河流域。实际上,"武落钟离山"本名"武陵钟离山","武落"为"武陵"传写之误,"武陵"即武陵郡。"武陵钟离山"去掉郡名"武陵",就叫做"钟离山"。这表明廪君巴人的发源地是在清江(夷水)流域而非大宁河流域。     

Gender,Memory and Social Power

Two books are reviewed here, the first, by a historian of western Europe, Elisabeth van Houts, the second by a Byzantinist, Lynda Garland. Aspects of van Houts's book discussed are: the complementary roles of women and men in the production of historical writing; the role of women in the transmission of oral testimony, especially on genealogies and on property rights claimed through women; and the gender‐specificity of women's transmission of valued objects. The book's contributions to the history of the family are stressed. Lynda Garland's treatment of a series of Byzantine empresses is appreciated as informative, but criticised for lack of reference to historiography on medieval female rulership in western Europe, and insufficient analysis of structural features of the Byzantine polity. A brief conclusion reflects on gender and power in early medieval east and west.     

墨学“中绝”之因及时代意义新论

春秋时期,墨学与儒学是颇有影响的两家学派。而至秦汉,由于种种原因,墨学陷于＂中绝＂,这对我国古代科学技术、传统民族文化的发展均有消极影响。当今,探讨墨学＂中绝＂之因、认识墨学的当代价值和现实意义,对于弘扬中华民族的优秀传统文化、促进社会主义精神文明建设以及贯彻落实科学发展观都具有重要的现实意义。     

Gender Myths and Feminist Fables: The Struggle for Interpretive Power in Gender and Development

Gender and development has grown enormously as a field over the last thirty years. In this introduction, we interrogate the ambivalence that underpins feminist engagement with development and examine what current dilemmas may suggest about the relationship between feminist knowledge and development practice. In recent years, there has been growing frustration with the simplistic slogans that have come to characterize much gender and development talk, and with the gap between professed intention and actual practice in policies and programmes. Questions are now being asked about what has become of ‘gender’ in development. This collection brings together critical reflections on some ideas about gender that have become especially resonant in development narratives, particularly those that entail popularization and the deployment of iconic images of women. This introduction explores more closely the issues raised by such myth‐making, arguing that these myths stem from exigencies within the politics and practices of development bureaucracies, within the difficult politics of feminist engagement with development policy and practice and within feminist politics itself.     

中国"儒家社会主义"论析

“儒家社会主义”在中国思想史上占有重要一席,与西欧和俄国的空想社会主义相比,诞生时间早、经历时间长,对古今中国的影响恒久深远。儒家社会主义理论包括其高端纲领——大同社会论,及其低端纲领——小康社会论。“儒家社会主义”是宝贵的民族精神遗产,既有其理想的光辉,又有其空想的色彩。历史证明,惟有科学社会主义与和谐进步的科学发展理论方为当代中国践行必胜的思想道路。     

The New Men's History and the Peculiar Absence of Gendered Power: Some Remedies from Early American Gender History

Historians with feminist commitments have expressed reservations about men's history and men's studies. This unease has existed more or less from the first appearance of men's history as a specialised area of inquiry, and shows no signs of abating. The first part of this article explores the sources of this unease. It discusses several guiding premises of men's history and shows that they tend to lead to the occlusion of men's gendered power over women. Nonetheless, the scrutiny of the gender of men is the logical outgrowth of several decades of theoretical and empirical work on gender–witness the many historians of women and gender who have recently turned their attention to the systematic study of manliness and masculinity. With the help of examples drawn from the scholarship on the history of the British colonies in America and the early United States, the second part of this article enumerates several strategies for successfully highlighting men's gendered power in histories of manliness and masculinity.     

殷商政治领域中的性别差异与“王妇领兵制”

甲骨刻辞显示,殷商时期,贵族妇女拥有较高的政治权力与地位,她们可以直接参与国家政治事务的管理,对此学者多有文章述及,本文主要从性别角度入手,通过分析“王妇领兵”等现象,来探讨殷商政治领域中的性别差异,并进一步剖析性别差异形成之根源与影响,错误之处,祈请方家指正。     

Crossing the Factory Frontier: Gender, Place and Power in the Mexican Maquiladora

A pressing question raised by contemporary feminist theorists is how to conceptualize the intricate relationship between women as social agents and "Women"— an ideological representation of a female subject. Scholars have shown how women must often disavow this Woman in trying to establish their own careers. This article explores one facet of this issue by tracing one woman's journey through a Mexican maquiladora in the hope of demonstrating how this ideology produces the capitalist division of labor through the reproduction of sex-difference, nationality, and ethnic categories within one firm. The account raises some interesting questions about resistance, which may not be resolvable in the context of the workplace alone.     

迈克尔·曼的社会权力史及权力史观述评

迈克尔·曼是第三代历史社会学家中的杰出代表。他的社会权力史别出心裁、匠心独具 ,理论上讲是马克思·韦伯“社会理想型”研究方法的延续。曼的社会权力史涵括整个人类史 ,其解释力强、角度新颖、理论性强。但是 ,其权力史仍是欧洲中心主义的 ,并且在其中 ,作为历史组成部分的个人消失了。     

“犹太人在中国”——国际学术研究和公众关注的热点

自20世纪中叶以来,有关“犹太人在中国”的述日渐增多,到20世纪80、90年代,这一题目己成为国际上的一个热点。与19世纪时“开封犹太人”在欧美引起的那股热潮不同,这次的“犹太人在中国”热不仅局限于学术界,而且扩展到了公众关注的传媒和影视领域,甚至在一定程度上具有社会政治色彩。之所以出现这种情况,     

Hate Crimes: Public Policy Implications of the Inclusion of Gender

Much of the current global debate around 'hate crimes' legislation is focused on the pragmatic and logistical difficulties of winning support for, and enacting, legislation. This paper takes a step back from the day-to-day issues of hate crimes and begins to unpack some of the philosophical underpinnings of the hate crime category. This is undertaken through an investigation of the coherence of hate crimes definitions and their policy implications. The paper's initial definition of hate crimes is tested for its appropriateness as applied to racist attacks and to attacks on gays and lesbians. From this, an analogy is drawn with crimes against women. The bulk of the paper is concerned with problematising the intellectual justifications for the inclusion or exclusion of gender in the hate crimes category. The extension of the hate crime category to include gender-related crimes raises particular public policy challenges.     

新形势下的新定位--关于民俗学的"民"与"俗"的新思考

民俗学作为一门科学发展到现在已经有近两百年的历史了。从这个学科诞生的那天起,关于“民”和“俗”的定义的争论就一天也没有停止过。因为这是所有民俗学家都无法回避的问题,它确实关乎民俗学学科的基本定位和发展方向。     

评梅棹忠夫"文明的生态史观"

日本著名学者梅棹忠夫提出的“文明的生态史观”影响巨大,为认识和研究人类文明的演进,特别是现代化的进程,提供了一个新的视角。但是,从历史学的角度加以检证,“文明的生态史观”存在许多漏洞,作为现代化的一种模式不能成立,作为一种代表性的日本文化论也具有过分拔高日本文化的倾向,这是我们所不能苟同的。