清朝末期达赖、班禅关系与治藏政策研究

清朝末期,由于多种因素的影响,达赖喇嘛与班禅额尔德尼互为师徒、相互礼让的和好关系开始发生变化,两大活佛系统的矛盾日益加剧.清朝中央政府和驻藏大臣也介入其中,从对达赖、班禅都有所猜忌到明确支持班禅系统、压制达赖系统,使两大系统的矛盾不断激化,达赖方面与清政府、驻藏官员的矛盾也不断加深.这些矛盾在清朝崩溃前夕全面爆发,并对以后40多年的西藏治理产生了消极影响.     

四世班禅生平及与四世达赖、五世达赖之关系

四世班禅精通佛学和传统文化知识,他担任扎什伦布寺住持,使该寺成为班禅活佛系统执掌的主寺;同时,他对四世达赖倾囊相授,担任拉萨祈愿大法会首座,维修大昭寺和甘丹寺灵塔殿金顶,成为格鲁派的领袖人物。此外,他还是五世达赖的上师,协助五世达赖的政教事业,并首倡与关外的清政权建立联系,参与觉囊派改宗等事。四世班禅为格鲁派的发展做出了重大贡献,由此确立了班禅活佛系统在格鲁派中的崇高地位。     

The 14th Dalai Lama: Two-Faced

Whilethe14thDalaiLamaclaimstobeseekinginternationalaidinorganizingpeacetalkswiththeChineseGovernment,theTibetanyouthcongressisinsertingeffortstowinindependenceintoitsresolutionsandissuingstatementsclaimingthatthecongressisamassorganizationindependentoftheDalaiLama'sgovernmentinexile.ThecongressisseekingindependenceandopposinganyeffortsforautonomywithinChina.Inthefaceofthissituation,the14thDalaiLamaexpressedregretatthemovesbythecongressandhasclaimedheisunabletopersuadethecongressional…     

Headaches of the 14th Dalai Lama

AIthoughthe14thDalaicliquehasbeenmakingabigfanfareaboutthesocalledTibetanissue,thecliqueisbeingtornLapartbyinfightingHEROSBECOMEENEMY.Thefourriversandsixmountainrangesreferstoareactionaryrebelorganizationfirstfoundedbysomeheadmen,religiousfiguresandbanditsinearly1956intheTibetanareasinSichuanandYunnan.In1958,asegmentmovedintoTibet,totheappreciationandsupportofthe14thDalaiLamaandTibetanseparatistforces.Thereligionprotectionarmyofthefourriversandsixmountainrangeswasformedtoresis…     

History of the Dalai Lama in Government Work

The Dalai Lama ruled Tibet for prolonged period of time, but this was not the situation in the beginning when the title was created. The religious leader first received the honorific title in the second half of the 16th century, some 100 years later after the death of Gendain Zhuba (later confirmed posthumously as the 1 st Dalai     

History of the Dalai Lama In Govemment Work

The Dalai Lama ruled Tibet forprolonged period of time,but thiswas not the situation in the begin-ning when the title Was created.The religious leader first received thehonorific title in the second half of the16th century,some 100 years later after     

Alas! Dalai Lama,The III-Fated Prophet!

The14thDalaiLamaDaizinGyaco,overjoyedatreceivinghisNobelPrizeinNorway,cuppedhishandsinfrontwithmixedfeelingastowhomheshouldthank-BuddhaortheWest.Thathappenedinthelate1980s,atimefi11edwithsurprisingchangesintheworld:theonceformidablesuperpowepetheUSSRedisi…     

On the Thirteenth Dalai Lama Ngawang Lozang Thubten Gyatso

The thirteenth Dalai Lama Ngawang LozangThubten Gyatso was a very spectacular and complexcharacter on the political stage of Tibet in moderntimes.His experience of a lifetime of frustrations re-flected the then tempestuous and changeable situation.Any evaluation of a Tibetan political and religiousleader has always been a contentious problem in aca-demic circles,because it involves the explanation andexposition of relations between the Tibetan local gov-ernment and the Central Government after the Revo-lution in 1911. For a long time I have had a keen inter-est in the“the Great Thirteenth,”as he has been called.After a long period of study I have formed my view-point on this historical figure, and I present it here to     

My Views on the Way out for the Dalai Lama

July 23,2008,Wash.D.C. Dear Editors: Attached please find my article My Views on the Way out for the Dalai Lama.If anything has to be improved,please do so.I had previous two articles published in China's Tibet (2/1998 and 1/2000). Please let me know when you publish! Best regards, ps.If anything you want to discuss with me for this acticle,please let me know at your convenience.     

My Views on the Way out for the Dalai Lama

July 23,2008,Wash.D.C. Dear Editors: Attached please find my article My Views on the Way out for the Dalai Lama.If anything has to be improved,please do so.I had previous two articles published in China's Tibet (2/1998 and 1/2000). Please let me know when you publish! Best regards, ps.If anything you want to discuss with me for this acticle,please let me know at your convenience.     

Wu Zhongxin and the Enthronement Ceremony for the 14th Dalai Lama

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Symbol and power: the Dalai Lama as a charismatic leader

This article originated in a brief but inspiring analysis by Margaret Nowak. Nowak used Sherry Ortner's concept of ‘summarising symbol’ to imply that, much the same way as the American flag was the epitome of the United States to each and every American, the Dalai Lama encompasses everything Tibetan to the Tibetan people. What does this comparison say about the Dalai Lama? I examine the relationship between symbol, power and charisma with Tenzin Gyatso, the current Dalai Lama, as a case in point. With exile, there has been a shift in the symbolic importance of the Dalai Lama, both as a man and as an institution, from a symbol of Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism to a symbol of the Tibetan cause and, more generally, to a symbol of Buddhism in the world. These changes have given Tenzin Gyatso a new authority in the Tibetan community: he is now the unique and unquestioned leader of the Tibetan cause in the world. I discuss the problems that occur when a symbol is also a man and a leader, as well as the solutions proposed, at a moment when the Tibetan community in exile is experiencing democratisation.     

On Negotiations Between the Central Government and the 14th Dalai Lama

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My Experience as the Director Of the Dalai Lama Office in the 50s

TheGaxaggovernmentofTibetsetuptheDalaiLamaOfficeinBeijingin1952,oneyearafterthesigningof-theAgreementBetweentheCentralGovernmentandtheLocalGovernmentofTibetonthePeacefulLiberationofTibet.Theofficewascomposedofsixpeople,me(director),MandoGyamseLhomaDainzin(deputydirector),andfourofficeworkers.WeleftLhasaforBeijingtogetherwithaPLAofficerinTibet.Beforeourdeparture,theGaxaggovernmentdispatchedadelegationtoBeijingtoshowrespectfortheCentralGovernment.TheydecidedtogobywayofIndia,andasked…     

KMT Envoy Huang Musong Sent to Mourn the 13th Dalai Lama in Lhasa

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Aspects of the Contact between the Sixth Panchen Lama and the British East India Company

This paper summarizes previous research on the contacts between the sixth Panchen Lama of Tibet and the British East India Company (EIC). Extensive research has been done on the archives and travelogues written in English, yet further attention needs to be paid to the significance of these contacts to the Panchen Lama’s historic visit to the Qing court around the same time. Although little is available in Chinese and Tibetan sources on this event, important questions have yet to be raised and discussed. Drawing upon what has been done on this topic, the author makes further use of Tibetan materials and the catalog of Manchu archives in the First Historical Archive of China, and concludes that the plan and efforts for the EIC to open its trade route to China through Tibet were essentially based on wishful thinking or false hope without thorough understanding of Tibet or Qing court, or the delicate relations between the two. Even though the EIC’s late 18th century efforts through the Hindu merchant monk Gosain Purangir were in vain, examining the many contacts between the sixth Panchen Lama and the EIC and Purangir’s trip to Beijing provide a novel perspective on the relations between Tibet and the Qing court in the second half of the 18th century. This inquiry also demonstrates that during the same period, Tibet was not a land of isolation; on the contrary, it was an integral part of “the pre-modern globalization” process.     

十世班禅与西藏和平解放及班禅问题的解决

班禅返藏问题,不仅是十世班禅自己的问题,也是和平解放西藏、实现国家统一和民族团结的一大核心问题。他首先争取中共中央对自己地位的承认,提出解决班禅问题的方案和意见;接着在和平解放西藏的谈判中使班禅问题的解决在协议中规定下来。十七条协议签订后,他又采取积极措施使书面规定得到具体实现,顺利返藏。班禅问题得以解决的根本原因是中国共产党维护国家统一和民族团结的决心与正确的方针、步骤,十世班禅也作出了积极的努力和贡献。     

刻在心中的爱情地标

<正>在这个世界上,有那么一些地方,似乎天生就是为爱情而存在的。在那里,爱情像潮湿角落里的青苔,天然,赤裸,充满激情,滋生、成长、盛开并蔓延……让人欲罢不能,无法阻止;让人刻骨铭心。似乎走在路上情才更浓。如果你正处于爱情进行时,不妨带上你的TA一起,去这些充满爱情气息的地方走走,爱情中有了旅行的元素、旅行中有了爱情的味道;一同流汗,一同浪漫,几年后再一同慢慢回忆起这段迷人的经历……     

我爱你没有最高级——珠峰极限之爱

平淡生活才是生命最后的本核,而生命本核中的童真,只有在爱的保护下,才会保持它最真实最透彻的样子。泽龙现在眼里的番茄,跟他们刚认识时一样,没有变化,仍然像个没长大的孩子。“我想去爬山。”2016年4月番茄第一次打电话给泽龙时,就这么直截了当地说了自己的想法,飒得很。泽龙当时正在第一次去登珠穆朗玛峰的路上,他在电话里甩给番茄的回复是:你去登海拔8163米的马纳斯鲁峰,十万块钱。