论唐代社会的神仙信仰

唐人喜神仙。唐代有作为的皇帝都信神仙,到处寻求丹药,以求长生不死;朝廷中的官和读书人也信仰神仙,特别虔诚,甚至达到了不顾一切的地步;一些宗室贵族、武将、宫人和平民百姓,也十分信仰神仙。有唐一代,神仙信仰广被社会,深入人心,成为鲜明的时代风尚。     

论20世纪资本主义发展的历史定位

根据社会生产力和实践第一的检验标准来考察资本主义在20世纪的发展类型,可以发现,在20世纪,出现了美、日、德、英法、欧洲联盟、北美自由贸易区、东亚经济区、其他发展中国家、苏联东欧转轨国家等不同类型的资本主义发展模式。在发展和停滞的两重趋势中,20世纪资本主义的主要趋势仍然是发展。     

The Historical Constitution of the Political Forms of Capitalism

Abstract: This article provides a general overview and critique of approaches to state theory, from the Marxist “state derivation“ debate of the 1970s, through to regulation and world‐systems perspectives, to theories which encompass imperialism. It proposes that a theory of the political forms of capitalism should have three elements: it should be based on analysis of the different historical processes by which capitalist states have been and are constituted; it should elucidate the specificities of the various political forms of capitalism; and it should explain the continuing existence of a plurality of states and imperialist relations.     

中国最美铁路 青藏铁路沿途风光

<正>青藏铁路,又被誉为天路,是世界上海拨最高的铁路。东起青海西宁,西至西藏自治区首府拉萨,全长1956千米,于2006年7月1日全线正式通车。青藏铁路途经纳赤台、五道梁、沱沱河、雁石坪,翻越唐古拉山,再经西藏自治区安多、那曲、当雄、羊八井到拉萨,是当之无愧的中国最美铁路。     

大漠选美 谁是非洲好男人?

<正>作为西非富拉尼人的一个分支,尼日尔博罗罗人至今仍过着几乎与现代生活隔绝的原始游牧生活。尽管生活条件恶劣,但他们仍然非常热爱生活、追求美,男子选美活动就是他们爱美之心的一个表现,它就发生在尼日尔的盖雷沃尔节上。有人说尼日尔是世界上最热的国家之一,依我看大概也是世界上最荒凉的国家之一。单调平坦的高原一望无际,滚滚而来的热浪在荒原上扬起漫天尘埃……这就是我在塔瓦省的图法米尼村看到的景象。要不是为了博罗罗人的盖雷沃尔节,谁愿意到这种地方来!当然,博罗罗人的这种男子选     

教会经济伦理与资本主义兴起

基督教与资本主义兴起的关系,长期以来是西方学术界激扬字的焦点。韦伯的名《新教伦理与资本主义精神》关于新教伦理产生资本主义的观点尽管遭到种种非议与驳斥,但论战双方对天主教伦理社会功能的评判是一致的,都认为宗教改革以前的基督教教诲基本还是反     

The Several Origins of the Ideas of Unseen,Personal Beings

THE NEW COMPARATIVE MYTHOLOGY, An Anthropological Assessment of the Theories of Georges Dumézil. By C. SCOTT LITTLETON. University of California Press, 1966. Pp. 242. 48s. net. Reviewed by E. O. James.

WESTALPENSAGEN. Europäische Sagen IV. By WILL-ERICH PEUCKERT, Berlin, Erich Schmidt Verlag, 1965. Pp. 253. Reviewed by W. F. H. Nicolaisen.

TALES OF THE WEST OF IRELAND. By JAMES BERRY. Edited by G. M. Horgan, Dublin, The Dolmen Press, 1966. Pp. x, 217. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

IRISH WAKE AMUSEMENTS. SEÁN O SÚILLEABHÁIN. Cork. The Mercier Press, 1967. Pp. 188. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

BILDNIS UND BRAUCH. Studien zur Bildfunktion der Effigies. By WOLFGANG BRÜCKNER. Berlin, Erich Schmidt Verlag, 1966. Pp. 361; 18 plates. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SOUTH ASIAN FOLKLORE. By EDWIN CAPERS KIRKLAND. Indiana University Folklore Series, No. 21. 4^o The Hague, Mouton &; Co., 1966. Pp. xxiv, 291. 36 Dutch guilders (no price mentioned in sterling — or in dollars). Reviewed by Wilfrid Bonser.

ANTAURA. THE MERMAID AND THE DEVIL'S GRANDMOTHER. By A. A. BARB. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. XXIX, 1966. Reviewed by E. O. James.     

The Cage of Nature: Modernity's History in Japan

"The Cage of Nature" focuses on the concept of nature as a way to rethink Japanese and European versions of modernity and the historical tropes that distance "East" from "West." This essay begins by comparing Japanese political philosopher Maruyama Masao and his contemporaries, Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno. Both sets of authors define modernity as the moment when humanity overcomes nature, but Maruyama longs for this triumph while Horkheimer and Adorno deplore its consequences. Maruyama insists that Japan has failed to attain the freedom promised by modernity because it remains in the thrall of nature defined in three ways: as Japan's deformed past, as the mark of Japan's tragic difference from "the West,"and as Japan's accursed sensuality, shackling it to uncritical bodily pleasures. In short, Maruyama sees Japan as trapped in the cage of nature.
My argument is that Maruyama's frustration arises from the trap set by modern historiography, which simultaneously traces the trajectory of modernity from servile Nature to freedom of Spirit and at the same time bases the identity of the non-Western world on its closeness to nature. In other words, nature represents both the past and the East, an impossible dilemma for an Asian nationalist desirous of liberty. By revising our historical narratives to take into account the ways in which Western modernity continued to engage versions of nature, it becomes possible to reposition Japan and "the East" within modernity's history rather than treating them as the Other.     

The Archaeology of Capitalism in Iceland: The View from Vieey

This paper examines the particular nature of Icelandic capitalism as it emerged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Drawing on a recent project investigating the material processes surrounding the rise and fall of an early capitalist venture in the fishing industry, the role of commodities and their intersection with issues of colonialism and nationalism is explored. The study centers on a village community established in 1907 on an island in the bay of Reykjavík, which saw two periods of boom and bust in its short life before the village was abandoned in 1943.     

最美黄金海岸 加州1号公路自驾

正当我驾车行驶在美国加州1号公路"17英里"(17-mile Drive),这条蜿蜒于太平洋与北美大陆茂密丛林间的临海岩岸,那"世界上陆地与海洋最佳连接处"的无敌风景之路深深将我吸引。壮丽的海景,悠闲的田园,茂密的雨林,可爱的生物,满眼的奇花异草,静谧的海边小镇、宁静优雅的城市海滩……"17英里"无疑是加州1号公路皇冠上那颗最耀眼的明珠。     

约曼与英国资本主义启动

农业是英国资本主义的基础,约曼又是农业资本主义的发动者、农村社会的“脊梁”。在英国农业资本主义发生的时候,约曼是先行者。“约曼”经历了由一个带有荣誉感的职业名词向具有经济与社会含义的名词的转变;约曼阶层经历了由采邑制度下的农民向资本主义农场主的演进。约曼是社会转型时期英国农村的精英群体,对经济、政治、教育文化、日常生活等方面都产生了重大而深远的影响,为英国率先成为第一个工业化国家提供了最初的、最基本的经济力量和政治力量,是英国资本主义的启动者。     

Capitalism and the third world

Peter C. Lloyd, Classes, Crises and Coups: Themes in the Sociology of Developing Countries, MacGibbon and Kee, London, 1971, pp. 224, $8.65.     

海洋是世界上最大最重要的生态系统

<正>在海洋探知的道路上,我们最常做的事情是提问;在海洋宝藏的揭秘中,我们最深的感受是好奇。在我国古代就有关于海底龙宫的传说,讲的是海洋藏着无数的宝藏。在那里,各种各样的"宝贝"比比皆是,取之不尽。就是连孙悟空手中的武器金箍棒,前身就是海底龙宫中的定海神针。随着科学的进步,人们对海洋的认识也逐步加深。传说中龙宫的宝贝与现实的海洋财富比起来,简直是九牛一毛。说起海洋资源,大     

沙漠:地球上最奇特的生态系统

除两极外,沙漠是地球上最不适合人类和其他动植物生存的生态系统了.众所周知,沙漠具有环境严酷、面积广、动植物种类少、风沙大、降雨少和气温变化幅度大等特点.“早穿皮袄午穿纱,围着火炉吃西瓜”的说法由此而来.沙漠分类,是按照每年降雨天数、降雨量总额、温度和湿度4个标准来区分的,主要为两类:特干地区——全年无雨季、降水无周期性,年降水量在100 mm以下——面积占全球陆地的4.2％;干燥地区,是指蒸发量比降水量大、年降水量在250mm以下的地域,其面积占全球陆地的14.6％. 世界沙漠普遍分布在地球南北回归线的两侧,呈宽广的带状,这与回归高压带气流下沉有着密切的联系.沙漠环境恶劣、生物种类多样性低、群落结构简单、自动调节能力差,是个脆弱的生态系统.尽管如此,在这占陆地总面积不到五分之一的严酷生态环境中,生物量仍占全球陆地生物量的4％.它哺育着全球15％的人类,滋养众多顽强生存的稀有的物种.