Some aspects of the Polar Regions

Die Vegetationsverhältnisse der illyrischen Länder. By Dr. Günther Beck v. Mannagetta, Prag. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1901. 6 plates, 18 figures in text, and 2 maps. Pp. xv + 534.

Finland As It Is. By Harry de Windt, F.R.G.S. London: John Murray, 1901. Pp. 316. Price 9s.

Springtime in the Basque Mountains. By A. L. Liberty. London : Grant Richards, 1901. Pp. 299. Price 12s.

An Artist's Walks in Bible Lands. By Henry A. Harper, author of Walls in Palestine, etc.; with a Photogravure Frontispiece and 55 other Illustrations from Drawings by the Author. London: The Religious Tract Society. Pp. 256. Price 6s. net.

A Geography of Asia, including the East Indies. By Lionel W. Lyde, M.A., F.R.G.S. London : Adam and Charles Black, 1900. Price 1s. 6d.

With the Tibetans in Tent and Temple : Narrative of Four Years’ Residence on the Tibetan Border, and of a Journey into the Far Interior. By Susie Carson Rijniiart, M.D. Oliphant, Anderson, and Ferrier, Edinburgh and London, 1901. Pp. 406. Price 6s.

Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate. By S. Le Strange. Oxford : The Clarendon Press, 1900. Price 16s.

John Chinaman. By E. H. Parker. London : John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1901. Price 8s.

The Strange Adventures of Andrew Battell of Leigh. Edited by E. E. Ravenstein. London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1901. Pp. viii + 209.

The Land of the Wine. By A. J. Drexel Biddle, F.K.G.S., F.E.S.A., F.R.M.S. London: Funchal, Drexel Biddle, Publisher. Philadelphia and San Francisco. 1901.

The Sherbro and its Hinterland. By T. J. Alldridge, F.R.G.S. London : Macmillan and Co., Limited. New York : The Macmillan Company, 1901. Price 15s.

The Thirteen Colonies. By Helen Ainslie Smith. New York and London : E. P. Putnam's Sons, 1901. Price 12s.     

The Naturalists' Directory and the evolution of communication among American naturalists

From the colonial period through the civil war period, naturalists in America were scattered over an extensive area, much of which was still sparsely settled, and all of which was very distant from the intellectual centers of Europe. Developing a network of contacts with like-minded naturalists took many years of correspondence. To facilitate communication among these naturalists, the Naturalists' Directory was compiled and first published in 1865. It has gone through more than 46 editions and is still being published. The role of the directory in the ever-changing communication process that has occurred in America from 1865 to the present is reviewed, as are the directories themselves: the early Frederic W. Putnam editions (which were published in association with the Proceedings of the Essex Institute, 1865-1866, the Samuel E. Cassino editions (editions 1-30, 1877-1936), and the post-Cassino editions (with various publishers, editions 31-46, 1938-1993).     

19世纪高卢主义滞留和衰落的启示——以1801年政教协约为个案

自中世纪晚期以来,法国的政教关系长期处在政教协约体制的语境中,即便在1789年的大革命以后,教会重建的法律和政治保障仍然是拿破仑与教宗庇护七世签订的1801年协约。法国同时又具有所谓的高卢主义传统,强调地方教会的权利和国家对教会的控制。在法国,由1801年协约签订到1905年协约被废除、政教分离法颁布,高卢主义传统有一个逐渐衰落的过程,现代意义上的政教分离逐渐取代了政教协约体制。这一时期的美国天主教徒早已接受了美国宪法的政教分离原则,他们对法国宗教政治的看法有趣而深刻,有助于我们认识法国特色的政教关系。高卢主义的式微是西方国家政教关系现代化的一个代表性事件,其结果是政教关系之法国模式与美国模式的趋同。     

Johann August Philipp Gesner (1738-1801). A review of his essay "The language amnesia" in the bicentennial anniversary of his death

On the 200th anniversary of Johann August Philipp Gesner's death, this paper summarizes and discusses a paper on language amnesia published in 1770. The author had clear knowledge of selective mental impairments resulting from brain diseases, and of separate mental representations for words and their underlying concepts. However, to explain the language impairment, Gesner suggested that it would not be caused by focal damage to a specific anatomic and functional unit of the mind, but is the consequence of a general sluggishness of the mental processes.     

Survey work in Mesopotamia during the war

The advent of North Sea oil transformed the relatively depressed Aberdeen economy through inward investment and employment opportunities in the oil supply industry. As a consequence of the fall in oil prices in 1985–86, Aberdeen is faced with economic uncertainty, and this has prompted responses by the local planning authority and the private sector.     

Arable in England and Wales: estimates from the 1801 Crop Return

This study is based on the 1801 Crop Return for England and Wales, an inquiry which took the form of an arable crops census. Over 75% of the county areas of 12 English and Welsh counties is represented in the surviving Return but under 25% for 13 others. For England and Wales together nearly 50% of the total area is represented. The national distribution of the main grain crops is investigated; and an aggregate analysis of arable England and Wales in 1801 is made. The main result is to produce two different estimates to suggest that arable England and Wales was something over 7 million acres and something under 8 million acres in 1801, the higher estimate comparing very favourably with contemporary ones. Finally, since the Return is extant at parish or township level, it is suggested that it can be subjected to further investigation and to sampling, to break free from the constraints imposed by the county approach by studying or identifying farming regions.     

Some aspects of change in flaked stone industries of the mesolithic and neolithic in Southern Britain

In a recent article, one of the writers suggested that the traditional bipartite division of the British Mesolithic, based on consideration of microlith types, was reflected in the shape of waste flakes (Pitts, 1978a). Four early assemblages were dominated by narrow flakes, in contrast to three later ones with a higher representation of broader flakes. In this paper, the originally tentative conclusions are explored in greater detail, and the next major boundary, the start of the Neolithic, is investigated. Related changes in the tool components are also examined and the outlines of an explanatory framework are proposed.