非自然景观在旅游规划实作中的运用--以"老重庆"为例

本文总结了我国近几年旅游规划在实际操作中的利弊得失,指出要给游客留下深刻印象首先就要做到突出地方精神和地方特色,在阐释非自然景观含义的基础上本文得出结论：非自然景观正是表现这种地方精神的最佳载体,接着本文分析了如何在旅游规划实作中正确运用非自然景观因素表现地方精神以及这种运用所带来的巨大吸引力,最后以重庆市大渡口区“老重庆”城旅游规划为例,从调查分析中总结出重庆的地方精神在于其非自然景观要素,在此基础上从主题营造、特色分区和景观设计三方面集中探讨了非自然景观在旅游规划实作中的具体操作。     

论区域旅游发展中旅游区与行政区的矛盾与融合

旅游区与行政区在区域划分目的、区域划分方式等方面存在着本质上的差异,这种差异造成了旅游区与行政区在区域旅游发展的运作与管理中的诸多矛盾,阻碍了区域旅游业的发展。本文阐述了旅游区与行政区的本质与差异,分析了旅游区与行政区在区域旅游发展中的矛盾,研究了如何消除这些矛盾,并通过利益的协调达到区域间的融合。     

基于APSO—SVR的山岳风景区短期客流量预测

根据山岳风景区短期客流量小样本、非线性等特征,本文提出基于自适应粒子群算法（Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization,APSO）的支持向量回归（Support Vector Regression,SVR）模型,融合SVR处理小样本、非线性预测特性和APSO优化SVR参数的能力对山岳风景区短期客流量进行预测。来自山岳风景区黄山2008年～2011年暑期相关日数据的验证结果表明：与PSO—SVR、GA—SVR和BPNN等模型相比,APSO。SVR模型的预测准确性更高、误差更小,是进行山岳风景区短期客流量预测的有效工具。     

符号表征与主客同位景观：民族文化旅游空间的一种后现代性——以“彝人古镇”为例

以旅游空间生产为主要特点的模拟的民族文化主题公园和人造景观是后现代旅游的一种典型代表。本文以云南“彝人古镇”为例,从空间生产角度对民族文化旅游所体现的后现代性特征及其社会效应进行探讨,认为“符号表征”与“主客同位景观”分别是民族文化旅游空间客体生产与主体生产的标志性特征。民族文化主题公园成就了存在主义原真性旅游体验,在少数民族文化遗产旅游利用与保护方面具有积极意义。     

Governance and cooperation in Euroregions: border tourism between Spain and Portugal

There are several obstacles to establish tourism governance policies in a border area and to improve the conceptualization of tourism in border territories transcending the transnational level, using territorial delimitation at Euroregional level. At borders, tourism usually works as a strategic policy tool to strengthen the regional image, shape common identity narratives and facilitate interactions, becoming these regions, nowadays, challenges for the actors of the territory, representing a priority area for the application of territorial development strategies at local level and at the level of the European Union itself. A qualitative analysis was based on performed semistructured interviews with key tourism stakeholders. From the interviewee? perspective, cooperation should be achieved through cooperation agreements between the business sector and economic agents to develop natural, cultural and heritage resources.     

对旅游业发展是否有规律的几点应答

本文坚持认为,旅游业的发展是有规律的,是趋势项、周期项、季节项和随机项4种因素的综合;旅游业发展的规律是相对的和隐含的,关键在于是否具有发现的眼光和技能;旅游地生命周期理论说明旅游发展是有规律的,股市分析的趋势线理论为其提供技术借鉴;对旅游发展规律的认识要注意时间尺度和样本的选取,由微观态的统计上升为对宏观规律的探究。中国旅游科学的发展既要面向产业发展活跃的实践,更应重视对基本规律的总结和提炼。     

国内旅游现象空间分异研究进展与展望

在综述国内关于旅游现象的空间分异研究进展的基础上,作者认为,国内旅游地理学关于旅游现象空间分异方面的研究主要是从旅游资源、旅游产业和旅游地、旅游客源市场和旅游流、旅游地本身等旅游产业发展投入要素方面入手的,对于旅游发展的区域效果方面的研究显得有些不足。在与国外该领域研究进展进行对比的基础上,结合国际国内旅游发展和研究的趋势,作者提倡国内旅游地理学应加强旅游影响空间分异研究。阐述了旅游影响空间分异研究的意义以及基本内容,希望藉此促进我国旅游地理学乃至旅游学研究的进一步完善。     

Aborigines,Islanders and Hula Girls in Great Barrier Reef Tourism

ABSTRACT

The Great Barrier Reef is one of the world's premier tourist destinations. It is promoted and marketed to tourists as part of an idealised Pacific island paradise. While the gardens and decor of island resorts mimic those of resorts elsewhere in the Pacific, the way in which Indigenous people are represented is markedly different. This paper presents an analysis of historic tourist ephemera to suggest that Australian Aboriginal people are largely invisible at the Great Barrier Reef, despite their role in establishing the tourism industry. It suggests that ambiguities of Aboriginal presence, in labour and performance, are a product of tourism ideals and colonial race relations.     

中国重点城市入境旅游空间关联网络特征及优化

基于社会网络分析方法论视角,研究了中国12个重点城市入境旅游空间网络的节点结构特征和整体结构特征,并提出了旅游空间网络结构优化相关策略。结果发现:(1)重点城市入境旅游网络节点间共有46对旅游流联系,每个节点平均与其它3.83个节点存在着旅游流集聚和扩散联系,且充当旅游网络中介者角色的平均次数为8.25次;(2)北京和上海在入境旅游空间网络中居核心地位,西安、广州和杭州居次核心,其余城市的网络地位较低;(3)重点城市入境旅游的整体网络密度较低,不均衡性较明显。最后,提出优化重点城市入境旅游网络结构的相关策略。     

民族社区旅游研究进展及展望

民族社区旅游是旅游地理学领域重要的研究命题,本论文梳理了国内外民族社区旅游研究成果,从概念内涵、研究脉络、重要研究内容三个方面分析了民族社区生计变迁、发展模式、空间结构、感知与主客关系、原真性、旅游赋权与恢复力等重点内容,评述了国内外研究在对象、时间、领域、内容和方法上的差异,提出了中国民族社区旅游研究的理论框架。研究认为,现有研究多从人地关系的单要素出发,对民族社区旅游发展的要素、模式、演化等方面缺乏系统研究,今后应从民族社区旅游的“人”、“地”、“人地关系地域系统”三方面的关联性出发,突破片段化、碎片化研究限制,针对中国民族社区旅游的当代形态、发展特征与变化趋势,重点关注民族社区旅游人地关系地域系统变化、作用过程与机制、发展效应与优化管理等方面,形成“要素-结构-过程-机理-效应”集成化的研究体系,以指导未来中国民族社区旅游可持续发展。     

Resilience and Non-Linear Change in Island Tourism

Abstract

Perhentian Kecil, located off the east coast of peninsular Malaysia, is predominantly a small-scale tourism destination, specifically for backpackers and independent travellers. Against the context of an aggressive drive by the state government to remove small-scale tourism development in favour of formal and high-end resorts, this paper examines the local responses to the exogenous factors that had threatened the equilibrium, and hence sustainability, of the tourism systems on the island. The paper draws upon a longitudinal study with multiple visits over an extended period since the mid-1990s. Using insights from Resilience Theory, the paper argues that this island destination is an example of non-linear change rather than conventional resort evolution. The paper also discusses how the authors – as researchers – had to realign their research framework and approach to take into consideration the growing complexities of tourism development in small island destinations.     

空间思想演变视角下的西方滨海旅游研究

以往滨海旅游研究综述大多限于对所涉研究领域的横向分类,缺乏基于特定学科演进视角下的纵向考察。本文从人文地理学空间思想演变视角出发,重新审视和梳理西方滨海旅游研究的脉络。与空间思想流变过程对应的是,西方滨海旅游研究主题也经历了从"滨海旅游地空间模型与演化"到"滨海旅游空间文化解读与社会建构"再到"滨海旅游空间政治与权力景观"的过程,亦即从关注滨海旅游空间的物质性转变到社会性和政治性。借助人文地理学空间思想演变视角,可以厘清滨海旅游研究视角转换的内在逻辑,并能从空间的生产视角重新思考中国滨海旅游的新一轮发展热潮,为国内滨海旅游研究提供新的思路和方向。     

海岛型旅游地旅游空间结构演化机理分析——以浙江省舟山群岛为例

随着我国海滨(岛)旅游业的发展,浙江省舟山群岛将会成为东部沿海地区重要的旅游目的地。而目前舟山群岛旅游空间格局具有较大的不均衡性,限制了其区域联动发展。本文通过分析舟山群岛旅游空间结构特征及其演化的动力机制,提出应构建层级性旅游空间发展格局,逐步实现海陆一体化,推动东海区域旅游板块的形成;最后文章概述了一体化的影响因素及实施对策。     

Making heritage in an Australian coastal tourist resort: Constructing a cultural landscape through a comparative narrative

Abstract

The concept of cultural landscape embodies a dynamic understanding of history, in which past, present and future are seamlessly connected. This paper, drawn from a larger research project investigating the integration of tourism in small coastal settlements, introduces a multi‐method research strategy for interpreting cultural landscapes of tourism. The case study of a well‐known resort area on the east coast of Australia demonstrates the dynamic relationship between patterns in the landscape narrative and patterns in the built environment of small coastal settlements. In Noosa, a distinctive built form has evolved in parallel with the narrative of the place as a relaxed but stylish resort village dominated by nature. Both the narrative and physical landscape have been shaped by local and external processes of constant comparison and contrast with well known Australian and international coastal resorts. The paper illustrates how recurring themes in the local dialogue of place have flowed between key urban design/planning decisions, ephemeral tourism literature, publications, and the perceptions of residents, tourists and key informants as reported in focused conversational interviews.     

Enclaves in tourism: producing and governing exclusive spaces for tourism

Abstract

Exclusively planned tourism destinations, such as all-inclusive resorts, gated resort communities, private cruise liner-owned islands and privatized beaches, have increased over the last few decades. Researchers have analyzed these kinds of tourism environments as enclaves, which are typically driven by external forces and actors, strongly supported by globalization and the current neoliberal market economy. Existing research shows that tourism enclaves are characterized by active border-making, power issues and material and/or symbolic separation from the surrounding socio-cultural realities, leading to weak linkages with host communities and the local economy. Tourism enclaves involve power inequalities, injustices and unsustainable practices that often have serious negative impacts on local socio-economic development. The articles of the special issue focus on tourism enclaves in different theoretical and geographical contexts and they contribute to our understanding of how these exclusive spaces are created and transformed and how they shape places and place identities. The individual research articles are contextualized and discussed with the key theoretical perspectives and empirical findings on tourism enclaves. Future research needs include analysis of linkages and flows of labor, goods, ideas and capital in different scales; policymaking, planning and regulations; environmental impacts; and locals’ land and resource access in the respect of bordering, privatization and land grabbing. By focusing on these topics, the tourism industry could be guided towards more responsible and sustainable development path.     

旅游规划管治问题及其对策研究

在对管治、旅游规划管治、管治理念应用和旅游规划管治主体确立等一系列问题进行界定和讨论的基础上,对旅游管治主体如政府、开发商、规划单位、旅游规划评审、社区及管治对策存在的主要问题进行了分析。指出旅游开发商应公开参与项目的招投标管理、注意充分保障社区利益、切实按旅游规划方案建设。对旅游规划单位,应建立注册旅游规划师职业认证制度和旅游规划单位跟踪负责制度。对旅游规划评审机构,应完善评审组织结构、加强评审过程中的管治。对于社区,应完善社区教育体系、加强社区参与、实现社区利益公平分配。     

基于群体心理特征的老年旅游产品谱系构建——以关中地区为例

将心理特征分析引入旅游产品谱系构建当中,是旅游产品开发市场导向型下人本主义思想的体现。本文从感知、情感和情绪、意志和兴趣等方面对老年心理特征进行分析的基础上,从基本层次、提高层次和专门层次的三维视角概括老年群体旅游动机,并从安全性、体验性和参与性三方面总结该群体的旅游偏好。针对旅游动机,结合旅游偏好设计了相应的旅游产品系列,并对每个系列具体旅游产品类型进行选择,得到面向老年群体的旅游产品谱系。以关中地区老年旅游市场为例,通过问题的分析,运用所构建的老年旅游产品谱系对该地区旅游产品深层开发和拓展提出建议。     

转型时期中国海滨度假地衰退研究——以烟台牟平养马岛为例

海滨度假地衰退是国际旅游研究关注的热点之一,然而现有研究形成的两个理论范式——生命周期理论和转型理论都无法完满地解释中国海滨度假地衰退现象。本文以烟台牟平养马岛为案例,对其旅游开发历程进行梳理研究后发现,处于转型时期的中国传统海滨度假地往往遭遇制度性衰退和竞争性衰退的双重困境。中国海滨度假地的复兴必须首先摆脱行政经济的禁锢,走市场化改革的道路。     

Precarity and guest work in U.S. tourism: J-1 and H-2B visa programs

ABSTRACT

Over the past couple decades, hotels and resorts in the United States have come to rely on the influx of foreign guest workers to meet labor demand during peak tourism seasons. In particular, employers leverage two visas programs: J-1 and H-2B. While helping to solve seasonal workforce issues, these programs have come under scrutiny by worker advocacy groups and other stakeholders who have recognized that both programs at times feature unfavorable conditions for workers. This case study focuses on the precarities embedded in the lives of these foreign guest workers when they come to the United States. Particular attention is paid to the ways that policies crafted to facilitate the flexibilities required by employers have a hand in structuring the precarities associated with living and working in the United States. Results show that workers are at times vulnerable to inadequate housing, questionable employment practices, weak program sponsorship, and, in rare cases, human trafficking. Analysis suggests a general spatial unevenness in the ways that workers experience precarities, especially pertaining to the presence of effective community outreach programs aimed at assisting foreign workers. It is argued that the latter are particularly important for ensuring that guest worker programs can achieve the goals laid out by government agencies of providing employment and protection for workers. Research is based primarily on interviews with major stakeholder groups associated with tourism guest work, including guest workers, advocates, and program sponsors. It is suggested that despite recent reforms, more work is needed to ensure that guest workers' experiences in the United States are not fraught with vulnerability.     

论旅游危机的生命周期与后评价研究

为了全面认识突发事件及其对旅游发展的影响,界定了由突发事件引起的旅游危机,将其划分为背景外源型和区域内生型;提出了旅游危机生命周期的概念,将其从生成到解除划分为5个阶段;分析了相邻年比较法在危机评价中的不足,提出了基于本底趋势线的旅游危机后评价理论。最后,以陕西秦始皇兵马俑对3次旅游危机响应为例,建立了入境旅游、国内旅游和旅游收入3条本底趋势线,完成了对1989年北京6.4事件、1998年亚洲金融危机和2003年"非典"三个突发事件旅游危机的后评价研究,揭示了其客流量损失、旅游收入损失及冲击的时间表,为旅游危机后评价研究提供了案例。