Searching for Columbus in the quincentennial: Three recent books on the discovery

Libro Copiador de Cristóbal Colón: Correspondencia inédita con los Reyes Católicos sobre los viajes a América. Estudio histórico‐crítico y edición. By ANTONIO RUMEU DE ARMAS. Madrid: Ministerio de Cultura and Testimonio Compañía Editorial, 1989. 2 Vols. Pp. 593.

In Search of Columbus: The Sources for the First Voyage. By DAVID HENIGE. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1991. Pp. xiii, 359.

Columbus and the Ends of the Earth: Europe's Prophetic Rhetoric as Conquering Ideology. By DJELAL KADIR. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1992. Pp. xiv, 256.     

Europe's confused transmutation: the realignment of moral cartography in Juan de la Cosa's Mappa Mundi (1500)

Following the voyages of Christopher Columbus, John Cabot, Alonso de Ojeda and Amerigo Vespucci in the last decade of the fifteenth century, the New World of the Americas entered the cartographic and moral consciousness of Europe. In the 1500 mappa mundi of Juan de la Cosa, navigator and map-maker, we see Europe as a hybrid moral entity, a transitional blend of the medieval and the modern at the crossroads between two mappings of Europe. This paper argues that the Juan De la Cosa map represents a blurred transition between map-making traditions and a mixed moral rhetoric of European identity. The De la Cosa map operates across two sets of imagined axes: held horizontally, the map is set to a Ptolemaic grid with Europe straddling the Prime Meridian, and yet when held vertically it presents a medieval moral continuum in which the Americas occupy an ascendant position, a verdant new Jerusalem in contrast to the Babylon of the Old World. Europe is both drawn to the centre of a new world order, and also pushed to the moral margins in an echo of the medieval mappa mundi still imperfectly resolved.     

Classes,elites and Iranian politics: an exchange

The Politics of Iran: Groups, Classes and Modernization. By James Alban Bill. Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, 1972. ix + 174 pp.     

Review Article: Discovering New Americas

DAVID E. STANNARD. American Holocaust: Columbus and the Conquest of the New World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. Pp. xv, 358. $36.50 (CDN)

ANTHONY GRAFTON, APRIL SHELFORD, and NANCY SIRAISI. New Worlds, Ancient Texts: The Power of Tradition and the Shock of Discovery. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992. Pp. x, 282. $29.95 (US)

VALERIE I. J. FLINT. The Imaginative Landscape of Christopher Columbus. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992. Pp. xx, 233. $24.95 (US)

DJELAL KADIR. Columbus and the Ends of the Earth: Europe's Prophetic Rhetoric as Conquering Ideology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. Pp. xiv, 256. $30.00 (us).     

Trance and society

Erika Bourguignon, ed. Religion, Altered States of Consciousness, and Social Change. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1973. x+389 pp. Tables, illustrations, references, appendix, notes, and index. $12.50.     

Reviews of books

Satire in Colonial Spanish America: Turning the New World Upside Down. By Julie Greer Johnson. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1993. Pp. xvii, 224.

La Araucana. Por Alonso De Ercilla Y Zuniga. Edición de Isaias Lerner. Madrid: Editorial Cátedra, 1993. Pp. 1026.

Diente del Parnaso (Manuscrito de la Universidad de Yale). Por Juan Del Valle Y Caviedes. Edición, introducción y notas de Luis Garcia‐Abrines Calvo, con la colaboración de SYDNEY JAIME MUIRDEN. Jaén: Diputación Provincial, 1993. Pp. 481.

Catálogo concordado de la Biblioteca ie Hernando Colón. Tomo 1, 1–400. By Tomas Marin Martinez, Jose Manuel Ruiz Asencio and Klaus Wagner. Madrid: Fundación MAPFRE América, Cabildo de la Catedral de Sevilla, 1993. Pp. 717.

The People of Quito, 1690–1810: Chan, ‘e and Unrest in the Underclass. By Martin Minchom. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, Dellplain Latin American Studies, 1994. Pp. xvii, 297.

Los encomenderos de Quito, 1534–16C 0. Origen y evolución de una élite colonial. By Javier Ortiz De La Tabla Ducasse. Sevilla: Escuela de Estudios Hispano‐Americanos, 1993. Pp. xvi, 377.

Word from New Spain: The Spiritual Au obiography of Madre María de San José (1656–1719). Critical edition and introduction by Kathleen Myers. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1993. Pp. x, 234.

Una partecita del cielo. La vida de Santa Rosa de Lima narrada por Don Gonzalo de la Maza a quien ella Ilamal a padre. Versión paleográfica de Luis Millones. Ensayos de Luis Millones y Fernando Iwasaki. Lima, Perú: Editorial Horizonte, 1993. Pp. 217.

Poema Heroyco al merecido aplauso de Soror Ivana Inés de la Crvz. De Ioseph Zatrilla Y Vico. [Barcelona, 1696]. Edición facsímile de Aureliano Tapia Mendez. Monterrey, N.L.: Talleres Gráficos de Cultura de la Ciudad de México, 1993. Pp. xi, 38.

Carta de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz a su confesor. Autodefensa espiritual. Estudios y notas de Aureliano Tapia Mendez. Monterrey, N.L.: Imprenta Madero (Ciudad de México) para Producciones al Voleo El Troquel, 1993. Pp. 253.

Reading Columbus. By Margarita Zamora. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993. Pp. xvi, 247.     

A Review of “The Power of Money in Congressional Campaigns, 1880–2006”

Bader, John B. Taking the Initiative: Leadership Agendas in Congress and the "Contract with America." Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1996. Pp. xiv, 278. $19.95, softbound.

Campbell, James E. Cheap Seats: The Democratic Party's Advantage in U.S. House Elections. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1996. Pp. xxiv, 336. $22.00, softbound.

Evans, C. Lawrence and Walter J. Oleszek. Congress Under Fire: Reform Politics and the Republican Majority. New York: Houghton Miffin Company, 1997. Pp. xiii, 190. $15.56, softbound.

Koopman, Douglas L. Hostile Takeover: The House Republican Party, 1980-1995. Lanham, MD: Rowman &; Littlefield Publishers, 1996. Pp. viii, 181. $21.95, softbound.

Loomis, Burdett A. The Contemporary Congress. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996. Pp. xii, 196. $45.00 hardbound, $21.95 softbound.     

Reviews Comptes rendus

Cities of Canada, by G eorge A. N ader , Macmillan of Canada, Toronto
The History of the Study of Landforms. Volume II: The Life and Work of William Morris Davis, by R.J. C horley , R.P. B eckinsale , and A.J. D unn , Methuen, Toronto
The Landscapes of Southern Alberta: A Regional Geomorphology, by C hester B. B eaty , Department of Geography, University of Lethbridge
Essais de Géomorphologie Structural, par G. R itchot , Presses de ľUniversité Laval, Québec
An Introduction to Quantitative Analysis in Human Geography, by M aurice Y eates , McGraw-Hill, Toronto
The Provincial Towns of Georgian England: A Study of the Building Process, 1740–1820, by C.W. C halklin , McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal
The Evolution of Local Government Areas in Metropolitan Auckland, 1840–1971, by G erald T. B loomfield , Oxford University Press, Auckland     

Micronesia: The politics of the colonized

Carl Heine. Micronesia at the Crossroads: A Reappraisal of the Micronesian Political Dilemma. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, 1974. xvi + 210 pp. Notes, appendices, bibliography, and index. $10.00 (cloth); $2.95 (paper).

Daniel T. Hughes and Sherwood G. Lingenfelter, eds. Political Development in Micronesia. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1974. 333 pp. Tables, charts, references, and index. $15.00.     

AGGREGATION ERROR EFFECTS ON THE DISCRETE-SPACE p-MEDIAN MODEL: THE CASE OF EDMONTON, CANADA

The spatial analysis literature recognizes three sources of aggregation error, termed Source A, Source B, and Source C, which affect models relying on distance measurements between populations and facilities. We consider these effects with respect to aggregating from census enumeration areas to census tracts, on a popular location model. We identify a further source of aggregation error, which we dub Source D error, arising from the representation of facility sites by discrete points. Source D effects are of the same magnitude as Source A and B combined, much greater than Source C effects. Source D error is further significant, because, unlike Source A and B error, it can be eliminated only by disaggregating .
La littérature sur Vanalyse spatiale reconnaît trois sources d'erreur d'agrégation appelées erreurs de source A, B, et C. Ces erreurs influencent les modèles qui reposent sur des mesures de distance entre des populations et des installations. On considère les effets d'agrégation des secteurs de dénombrement en secteurs de recensement sur un modèle de localisation courant. On identifie une quatrième source d'erreur d'agrégation appelée erreur de source D. Cette erreur découle de la représentation des sites des installations par des points discrets. Ses effets sont du même ordre de grandeur que ceux des sources A et B combinées et beaucoup plus grands que les effets de source G. L'erreur de source D est d'autant plus significative à cause du fait que, contrairement aux erreurs de source A et B, elle ne peut être éliminée que par la désagrégation .     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
The discovery of a Norse settlement in America. Excavations at L'Anse aux Meadow, Newfoundland, 1961–68. ANNE STINE INGSTAD
Texas Legacy from the Gulf: a report on sixteenth century shipwreck material recovered from the Texas Tidelands. DORRIS L. OLDS
The lost caravel. ROBERT LANGDON
Bateaux et batellerie de Venise. G. B. RUBIN DE CERVIN
Souvenirs de Marine. AMIRAL PARIS
Boats of the Lisbon River. MANUEL LEITÃO
Shipbuilding in the port of Bristol. GRAHAME FARR     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
THOUGHT: from the Learned Societies of Canada 1960 , W. J. Gage Limited
Crossroads , by G. B. C ressey
The National Geographer , edited by M. N. K han and R. C. S harma
The Earth's Problem Climates , by G len T. T rewartha
Statistical Geography: Problems in Analyzing Areal Data , by O tis D udley D uncan , R ay P. C uzzort , and B everly D uncan
The Geography of Communications in Great Britain , by J. H. A ppleton
A Glossary of Geographical Terms , prepared by a committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, and edited by L. D udley S tamp
Cassell's New Atlas , Cassell and Co., Ltd.
The Meridian Compact Atlas of the World , Meridian Books, The World Publishing Co., New York, 1961; cartographie par John Bartholomew and Son Ltd., Great Britain, 1961; XVI pages de statistiques, 128 pages de cartes, index de 30 pages     

Reviews / Comptes rendus

Book reviewed in this article:
Residential Location Markets and Urban Transportation: Economic Theory, Econometrics, and Policy Analysis with Discrete Choice Models , by A lex A nas
Dynamic Spatial Models , edited by D aniel A. G riffith and R oss D. M ac K innon , nato Advanced Science Institutes Series, D, Sijthoff and Noordhoff International Publishers bv, Alphen aan den Rijn
Evolving Geographical Structures , edited by D aniel A. G riffith and A nthony C. L ea
The Visual Display of Quantitative Information , by E dward R. T ufte
Early Thematic Mapping in the History of Cartography , by A rthur H. R obinson
The Maps of Canada: A Guide to Official Canadian Maps, Charts, Atlases and Gazetteers , by N.L. N icholson and L.M. S ebert
Forever on the Fringe: Six Studies in the Development of the Manitoulin Island , by W. R. W ightman
U.S. 40 Today: Thirty Years of Landscape Change in America , by T homas R. V ale and G eraldine R. V ale
Archaeology as Human Ecology , by K arl W. B utzer
River Basin Management: Canadian Experiences , edited by B ruce M itchell and J ames S. G ardner
Castleguard Cave and Karst, Columbia Icefields Area, Rocky Mountains of Canada: A Symposium , edited by D.C. F ord , Arctic and Alpine Research , Vol. 15, No. 4, November 1983, special issue
Les Milieux 'naturels' du globe , par J ean D emangeot
La Formation de l'école française de géographie (1870–1914) , par V incent B erdoulay , Bi-bliothèque nationale, Mémoires de la section de géographie, 11
Historical Analysis in Geography , by W illiam N orton     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Helleristninger i Danmark (Rock carvings in Denmark): Jutland Arch. Soc. Publication VII. P. V. G lob
Halloristningar Svenneby socken (Rock carvings from Svenneby parish, County of Bohuslän): Gothenburg and Bohuslän Antiquarian Society. Studies in North European Archaeology 7. J. N ordbladh & J. R osvall , Eds. Å. F redsjö
Die Felsbilder Nubiens. Monographien und Documentationen: Die Afrikanischer Felsbilder W alther F. E. R esch
The Scandinavian Joint Expedition to Sudanese Nubia. Vol. 1. The rock drawings, including results of Gordon Memorial College Expedition to Akba P ontus H ellsiröm & H ans L angballe
Les Épaves antiques du Sud de la Corse: [The ancient wrecks of South Corsica] W. B ebko
Recherches sur les amphores romaines: [Research on Roman amphoras] A. J. P arker
Late Roman pottery: A catalogue of Roman fine wares J. W. H ayes
Treasures of the Armada R obert S ténuit
Wasa 1628: Ritning: Drawing: Plan: Leichnung P. L undström & L. A. K varning
Schepen van de Nederlanden (Ships of the Netherlands); van de late Middeleeuwen tot het einde van de 17e eeuw (from the late Middle Ages to the end of the 17th century) J. VAN BEYLEN
The quest for America G. A she
Shipwrecks of the western hemisphere 1492–1825 R obert F. M arx
Cities in the sea. An exploration of ancient cities beneath the Mediterranean N icholas C. F lemming
A history of seafaring based on underwater archaeology G eorge B ass
Diving for sunken treasure J acques -Y ves C ousteau aand P hilippe D iolé     

Neolithic Figurines Manufactured from Phalanges of Equids from Dja'de el Mughara,Syria

Abstract

Worked specimens of proximal phalanges of Equus have been discovered in the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B levels (8700–8200 CAL. B.C.) at Dja'de el Mughara, a tell site in the Middle Euphrates Valley in northern Syria. Prior to the present study, one was published as a human figurine (Coqueugniot 2000: 70). Similar objects, dated to the Khiamian and Pre-Pottery Neolithic A periods (10,000–8700 CAL. B.C.), have been recognized at Tell Mureybet in the same region. Analysis of 22 specimens from Dja'de el Mughara reveals morphological variability and different styles of shaping within the sample.

Anthropomorphic figurines in the prehistoric Near East have been approached as a distinct group of representations, often considered in terms of symbolism. Rarely are the raw materials (mainly clay and stone), technology of manufacture, and variations in fashion considered. Here, the major steps of figurine manufacture from whole proximal phalanges of equids at Dja'de el Mughara are described and a classification system based on technological and morphological criteria is proposed. It is hoped that this presentation of the Dja'de el Mughara bone figurine sample will stimulate recognition of analogous finds at other prehistoric sites in the Near East.     

RESTRUCTURING LOCAL ECONOMIES THROUGH NEGOTIATED INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

This article examines an experimental process called the Negotiated Investment Strategy (NIS). The NIS, a method for coordinating federal, state, and local (public and private) expenditures at the community level, has been tested in three midwestern communities: St. Paul, Minnesota; Columbus, Ohio; and Gary, Indiana. The article describes the assumptions which underlie the concept, results of the three-city experiments, and speculates on the potential of the NIS for restructuring local economies. Particular attention is given to evaluating the SIS as a process intervention which could assist communities undergoing traumatic economic change.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Early man and the ocean. THOR HEYERDAHL
L'épave romaine de la Madrague de Giens (Var). Campagnes 1972–5. Fouilles de l'Institut d'archéologie mediterranéene. A. TCHERNIA, P. POMEY and A. HESNARD (with 11 other contributors)
The Hardanger Faering. OWEN H. WICKSTEED
The treasure divers. KENDALL McDONALD
Henry VIII and the development of coastal defence. B. M. MORLEY
Colloque sur l'alteration du Bois. C. W. GREGSON
Conservation of waterlogged wood and wet leather. BRUNO MÜHLETHALER
Problems of the conservation of waterlogged wood. W. A. ODDY (Ed.)     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: The Encircled Sea: The Mediterranean Maritime Civilization. SARAH ARENSON Le Navire Genois de Villefranche—un naufrage de 1516(?)—Archaeonautica no. 9. MAX GUÉROUT, E. RIETH, J.-M. GASSEND and B. LIOU The Periplus Maris Erythraei Greek text with introduction, translation, and commentary by LIONEL CASSON Trafalgar. Countdown to Battle 1803–1805. ALAN SCHOM The Giglio Wreck: A wreck of the Archaic period (c. 600 BC) off the Tuscan island of Giglio. An account of its discovery and excavation: a review of the main finds. MENSUN BOUND Archaeonautica 7. BERNARD LIOU (Ed.)     

Besprechungen ‐ Reviews

Deissmann, Adolf: Forschungen und Funde im Serai. Mit einem Verzeichnis der nichtislamischen Handschriften im Topkapu Serai zu Istanbul. — Berlin, Leipzig 1933. X+144S.

Dzikowski, Mikolaj: Zbior kartograficzny Uniwersy‐teckiej bibljoteki publicznej w Wilnie (= Kartographische Sammlung der öffentlichen Universitätsbibliothek in Wilno). S. A. aus dem Sammelband “Bibljoteki Wilenskia”. Jahrbuch VIII des “Ateneum Wilenskiego”. Wilno 1932, 29 pp.

Katalog wystawy zbioröw kartograficznych Bibljoteki Narodowej w Warszawie. — Warszawa 1934.— Catalogue de l'exposition des collections cartographiques de la .Bibliothèque Nationale à Varsovie, Varsovie 1934. 113 pp.

Catalogus Mapparum geographicarum ad his‐toriam pertinentium, quae curante collegio historico‐geographorum adiuvantibus viris con‐gressui ordinando in polytechnico Varsoviensi exponuntur. — Varsovie 1933. XV+296 pp.

Fischer, Josephus: De Cl. Ptolemaei vita operibus Geographia praesentim eiusque fatis. — Leiden‐Leipzig 1932. XVI+607 pp. 4°.

Almagia, Roberto: II planisfero di Arnoldo de Arnoldi (1600). — Publicazioni dell’ Istituto di Geografia della R. Universita di Roma. Serie B. Num. 2. Roma 1934. 13 pp.+1 Tab. 4°.

Buczek, Karol: Beauplaniana. — S.A. aus “Wiado‐mosci sluzby geograficznej”. Nr. 1, 1934, 36 pp.

Otani, Ryökichi: Tadataka Inö, the Japanese Land‐surveyor. — Tokyo 1932. V+IV +358 pp.

Kordt, V. Materijali do istorii kartografii Ukraini. Cordt, B. Monumenta cartographica Ucrainae. Vol. I. Kiev 1931. 34 pp. + 41 Tab. 2°.

Svambera, V. & Salamon, B.: Monumenta Cartographica Bohemiae. I. Feuilles 1 et la. — Carte de la Bohême de 1518 par Nicolaus Claudianus. Texte par Iv. Honl et K. Kuchaf. — Praha 1930. 2 Tab. 2°.

Feuille 2e. — Une Carte de la Bohême de la 2e moitié du XVIe siècle du type Criginger. — Praha 1930. 1 Tab. 2°. Texte par K. Kuchaf. Praha 1932. 31 pp. (französisch) + 26 pp. (tschechisch).

II. Mappa geographica regni Bohemiae ... XXV sec‐tionibus exhibita à Joh. Cristoph: Müller, S. C. M. Capitan: et Ingen: A. C. MDCCXX. — Regni Bohemiae... conspectus Generaiis... à Joh: Christoph: Müller... — Gallice et bohemice praefatus est Dr. K. Kuchaf. — Praha 1934. 1 p. (französisch) + 7 pp. (8° tschechisch), 26 Tab. 2°.

Sindik, Ilija: Les cartes anciennes de pays Jugo‐slaves. — Atlas de la Société de Géographie de Beograd. Fase. 6: I. Tabula Peutingeriana et les types de cartes médiévales. 1931. 8 Tab. Fase. 8: II. Les Cartes de la période de Renaissance. 1932. 8 Tab. 4°.

Karpinski, Louis C: Bibliography of the printed maps of Michigan 1804—1880 with a series of over one hundred reproductions of maps constituting an historical atlas of the Great Lakes and Michigan. Including discussions of Michigan maps and map‐makers, by William Lee Jenks. — Lancing 1931. 539 pp., XXXVI + 86 Tab.

Newton, Arthur Percival: The great age of discovery. — London 1932. XI + 230 pp., 30 Tab.

Fournier, P.: Voyages et découvertes scientifiques des missionares naturalistes français à travers le monde pendant cinq siècles, XVe a XXe siècles. — Paris 1932. 108+258 pp.

Berg, Leo S. Uroven Kaspijskogo morja za istoriieskoe vremja. — Niveau de la mer Caspienne dans les temps historiques. — Aus: Problemy fiziîeskoj geografii, Leningrad. 1. 1934, p. 11–64.

Schulze, Berthold: Erläuterungen zur Brandenburgischen Kreiskarte von 1815. Einzelschriften der Historischen Kommission für die Provinz Brandenburg und die Reichshauptstadt Berlin, 6. — Berlin 1933, VI+98 pp.

Adolf Schück. Historisk Atlas. Skolupplaga. Stockholm, 1934. 32 pp. 4°.     

Reviews / Comptes Rendus

Book reviewed in this article:
Les régions géographiques au Mexique, par C laude B ataillon , Travaux et Mémoires de l'lnstitut des Hautes Etudes de I'Amérique Latine
Readings in Canadian Geography , edited by R obert M. I rving
World Migration in Modern Times , edited by F ranklin D. S cott , a Spectrum Book, Global History Series
Statistical Analysis in Geography , by L eslie J. K ing
A Ceremonial Ox of India: the Mithan in Nature, Culture, and History , by F rederick J. S imoons , with the assistance of E lizabeth S. S imoons
Acadia: The Geography of Early Nova Scotia to 1760 , by A ndrew H. C lark
L'Europe rhénane , par E tienne J uillard