辛亥革命的世界意义

今年是辛亥革命100周年，当我们用世界眼光和国际视野去观察100前的辛亥革命时，我们不仅要看到它是中国近代历史上一次极其重要的具有划时代意义的革命，而且也要看到它是20世纪初世界历史上一次具有重大影响的历史事件。因此，我们不仅要深入研究和阐发辛亥革命在中国的伟大历史意义，同时也应该深人研究和阐发辛亥革命的重大世界意义。     

世界历史时代

从17世纪中叶起,历史进入“世界历史时代”,也就是讲,各国历史的发展越来越显示出彼此间的互动性。海洋作为一个整体也参与了世界历史的进程。     

关于研究20世纪世界历史进程的若干意见

一、怎样看 2 0世纪世界历史进程 ?在人类社会进入新世纪之际 ,回顾 2 0世纪世界历史的进程 ,可以毫不夸大地说 ,2 0世纪是人类有史以来最伟大的一个世纪 ,在整个人类历史上占有重要地位。它把世界历史向前大大推进 ,科学技术不断出现重大突破 ,世界经济飞跃发展 ,社会取得长足进步 ,世界面貌发生了深刻的变化。从人类历史发展的高度审视 2 0世纪 ,可以看到 2 0世纪在人类社会的历史进程中是一个继往开来的世纪。人类社会最初是处在各民族各国家封闭的分散发展状态 ,生产力落后的自给自足的自然经济 ,使人类社会的发展被分割在狭隘的各个民…     

世界史体系的创新和世界史学的重建

20世纪80年代风起的“全球史观”,以世界由分散到整体的一体化发展为主线解释世界历史,较为准确地勾画了世界历史大潮的一般流向,并且避免了用国别史范畴的概念去说明世界史的运行特点和规律的弊病,更加科学地发现和说明了整个世界的发展状况及发展规律。但是一元论的线性思维模式仍然限制着全球史观的发展,使之只能对世界的整体化发展做出说明,却无法解释世界历史进程还有一个由整体到分散的碎裂化过程。     

世界近代史断限问题新探

历史时期的划分不同于社会形态的演变。世界近代史不能同资本主义史画等号。划分历史时期,应以社会经济发展为主要依据．同时也要考虑到政治和思想文化方面的情况。世界近代史是人类进入工业社会和工业社会发展的历史。它的上限可以定在18世纪60年代．下限可以定在20世纪40年代。     

《世界大历史》(套装共五卷)

<正>弗兰克·萨克雷、约翰·芬德林主编,王林等译,新世界出版社2014年版。《世界大历史》意在对14世纪以来700年间发生的62件重大历史事件进行考证与分析,从而使这些重大历史事件在世界历史上的作用与意义获得展现。在时间划分上,第一卷为文艺复兴到16世纪,第二卷为1571—1689年,第三卷为1689—1799年,第四卷为1799—1900年,第五卷为1900年至今。     

到本世纪末世界经济走势与亚太地区和我国的发展

20世纪的最后十年,紧接着下一个世纪,是一个继往开来的变革时期。人们在反思整个世纪的历程,乃至总结人类社会发展以来的历史,并在此基础上思虑着未来。世界上的几个大国都在研究和设想未来的发展战略。我国在确定开放与改革的决策以来,     

六十年民族崛起六十年自强不息

中华人民共和国的成立,是中国有史以来最伟大的事件,也是20世纪世界最伟大的事件之一。它结束了少数剥削者统治广大劳动人民和帝国主义奴役中国各族人民的历史,中国人民从此当家作主成为国家的主人,中华民族的发展从此开启了新的历史纪元。     

马歇尔·霍奇森的世界历史思想

马歇尔·霍奇森是20世纪五六十年代美国芝加哥大学著名的世界历史学家和伊斯兰学专家,美国世界历史学科的重要开拓者之一。他指出,历史学家要努力摆脱各种已有思想观念导致的"预设"束缚,而让新的世界历史学科在史学学术中处于应有的核心地位。其尝试发展与世界历史学科相适应的方法论,从"跨区域图景"的视野出发看待世界历史和伊斯兰文明,得出了不同于传统的历史分期,也重新解释了欧美的现代性。如何评介他的世界历史思想,并据此说明其在美国世界历史学科发展中所做贡献,是一个值得关注的议题。     

专家简评《18世纪的中国与世界》

李文海社会历史犹如一条奔腾不息的长河,一浪接着一浪,发展着,前进着。每个不断更迭和相互交替着的时代,又都有自己特定的时代特征和丰富内涵,使自己与其他时代区别开来。“18世纪的历史,由于其特殊重要的历史内容,使得许多历史学家,把这一百年从延绵不断的历史岁月中特别提出来,作为一个专门的历史范畴加以深入研究,并且形成了一个国际性的“18世纪学”。戴逸同志在｛18世纪的中国与世界》一书的“导言”中指出：“18世纪是世界历史的分水岭”,“18世纪是人类历史伟大的转折点”。这个论断是完全正确的,不论从世界历史、还是中…     

20世纪以来的埃及学研究

诞生于1822年的埃及学,是一门研究古代埃及的语言、文字、历史、文学、艺术、宗教、建筑和科技的综合性学科。埃及学发展至今已经有近200年的历史,但埃及学作为一门世界性的学科,对人类文明做出重要贡献是在20世纪以来逐渐取得的。经过数代埃及学家的共同努力,埃及学已有很大发展,古埃及文明是属于全人类的,日新月异的埃及学研究成果已成为全世界共同的文化财富。     

AMERICAN HISTORY IN A GLOBAL AGE1

Historians around the world have sought to move beyond national history. In doing so, they often conflate ethical and methodological arguments against national history. This essay, first, draws a clear line between the ethical and the methodological arguments concerning national history. It then offers a rationale for the continued writing of national history in general, and American history in particular, in today's global age. The essay makes two main points. First, it argues that nationalism, and thus the national histories that sustain national identities, are vital to liberal democratic societies because they ensure the social bonds necessary to enable democratic citizens to sacrifice their immediate interests for the common good. The essay then argues that new methodological and historical work on the history of nations and nationalism has proven that nations are as real as any other historical group. Rejecting national history on critics' terms would require rejecting the history of all groups. Instead, new methods of studying nations and nationalism have reinforced rather than undermined the legitimacy of national history within the discipline.     

1. TOWARD A HISTORY ON EQUAL TERMS: A DISCUSSION OF PROVINCIALIZING EUROPE

This essay is a critical discussion of Dipesh Chakrabarty's book Provincializing Europe as well as a first sketch of a History on Equal Terms. After giving a short summary of Provincializing Europe, I first argue, against chakrabarty, that there is no necessary connection between the discipline of history and the metanarratives of modernity. To the contrary: the founding idea of the discipline of history was a turn against such grand narratives. With his attempt to deconstruct the narratives of the European Enlightenment and of modernity, Chakrabarty therefore has to be regarded as a thinker of radical historicism rather than as a critic of the discipline of history. Second, I criticize the use of the term “modernity” in Provincializing Europe and the concept of modernity in general. Instead of a deconstruction of the discipline of history, I propose a deconstruction of the concept of modernity. This could open up the way for a History on Equal Terms situated within the discipline of history, that is, a historiography that would—just as Chakrabarty rightly demands—in principle pay the same attention to and expect relevant results from any region in the world, depending only on the focus of research.     

《旧唐书·经籍志》著录书名考误

《旧唐书·经籍志》因无善本传世 ,今人亦未及作专门的整理 ,故通行本文字讹脱颇多。本文从新、旧二志的同源关系出发 ,主要采用二志比勘的方法 ,同时参考《隋志》等书目著录、史传记载、古书称引等 ,对《旧志》著录的书名讹误进行考辨 ,凡二十二条。     

区域史研究的考察——以中亚史为例

地区史或区域史的研究应是世界史研究的一部分。在全球化的今天,世界历史的研究,既应是跨区域跨文化的综合整体研究,同时又是各个地区或区域研究的深入。在地区史研究中,地理上的划分是否能够提供一个满意体系,一直存有疑窦,而中亚史研究中更突出地存在着地理划分的争议。事实上,每一部有关中亚的著作都有自己的地理界定,不同的界定又体现出作者对自己所研究的地区的理解和期望,划定地域界限,就是确定、分析、重建,从而选择和采纳某种历史哲学。国内中亚区域史的研究,起步较晚,很大程度地受语言因素的制约,因此,在一些具体研究领域上,与国际最高水准还有不同程度的差距。     

Observations on the Nature and Culture of Environmental History

This article aims to consider the robust field of environmental history as a whole, as it stands and as it has developed over the past twenty‐five years around the world. It necessarily adopts a selective approach but still offers more breadth than depth. It treats the links between environmental history and other fields within history, and with other related disciplines such as geography. It considers the precursors of environmental history, its emergence since the 1970s, its condition in several settings and historiographies. Finally it touches on environmental history's relationship to social theory and to the natural sciences as they have evolved in recent decades. It concludes that while there remains plenty of interesting work yet to do, environmental history has successfully established itself as a legitimate field within the historical profession, and has a bright future, if perhaps for discouraging reasons.     

永恒的薪火——怀念我的老师白寿彝先生

白寿彝先生把自己一生贡献给史学事业.他的治史体现出崇高的精神境界,这就是研究历史是为了推动历史发展的气魄,治史中不断创新的器识以及世界史的胸怀.先生研究历史的眼光是开阔的,他总是从世界范围内认识历史学问题.     

邓小平"一国两制"思想研究述评

党的十一届三中全会之后,在世界形势发生深刻变化、和平与发展成为时代主题的历史条件下,邓小平集中全党和全国人民的智慧,从中国的实际出发,在充分尊重历史和现实的基础上,创造性地提出了"一个国家,两种制度"的科学构想.作为我国解决台湾、香港、澳门问题、实现祖国统一的一项基本国策,"一国两制"构想从提出到实践,都受到了广泛的关注,成为国内外学者研究的热门课题之一.     

Wisse die Wege! Hildegard von Bingen zum 900. Geburtstag

Hildegard is regarded as one of the most important women of the Middle Ages. Her contemporaries from all over the world wrote letters to her searching for help and prayer. Universally working she wrote works about medicine, natural history, compositions of chants for the honour of God and his creation and more than three hundred letters to people all over the world including the popes and the emperor. Hildegard's work and the way she understood herself were strongly marked by vision and prophecy. Her works were of divine origin by vision and audition. Her aim was the religious interpretation of the whole universe and a Christian life in the sense of the bible. Heaven and earth, faith and natural science, medicine and religion, the human existence in all its facts and potentials, everything was a mirror of divine love to her. In her first work Scivias ("Know the Ways") she is considering on the history of creation and salvation, from the origin of the world and of man over Christ's salvation to the fulfillment at the end of times. In the centre is standing the human being as microcosm reflecting the whole world in all conditions and laws. Man is the main work of god, reflecting in his doing and thinking God's love. Man has to know the ways that means to live the life of love in all consequences including reproduction by creating a new human being for the praise of God.     

The modernization paradigm based on monistic multi-linear theory: a response to some comments

Long before 1979, Chinese historical research had been dominated by the theory of the Five Modes of Production , according to which the whole Chinese history as well as the other parts of the world had been developed from the first MOD to the last one by one. The modernization theories prevailed during the 1950s and the 1960s, bringing about another uni-linear model of historical changes. For example, W. W. Rostow designed a five-stage process as a universal frame work of economic development, based on which each society could find its position in this uni-line. The task of the less developed societies is just to introduce modernity from the modernized societies so that they can make some developments. Thus modernization is a uni-direction movement as well as a uni-linear process. After 1979, modernization as a new paradigm has been accepted by an increasing number of Chinese historians. The increasing depth and breadth of the academic researches have encouraged such an acceptance, but, admittedly, as a new conceptual system that corresponded to the historic breakthrough and the new direction towards modernization in China. This acceptance also showed the crisis of paradigm , that is, the contradiction between the new themes and the old ones that had dominated Chinese humanities and social sciences. The modernization paradigm based on monistic multi-linear theory considers modernization as a unique breakthrough in history, a great transformation around the whole world, and a historical process that does not have a given ultimate aim and value but different models and routes. The monistic multi-linear theory on historical development is open and all-embracing in historical studies. A variety of historical paradigms is favorable to prosperity of Chinese history.