强化公共服务——我国博物馆追求国际化与中国特色的双重呼唤

把强化公共服务明确定位为当前和今后中国博物馆学理论与实践的战略重点与发展方向,是关乎我国博物馆能否与时代和谐共进、可持续发展的一个重大而紧迫的问题.根据对博物馆功能演变历史与现实的回顾与考察,以及世界博物馆最新发展趋势乃至我国的有关国情研究,可知无论追求国际化还是中国特色,我国的博物馆都必须大力强化公共服务.     

晚清民国博物馆理论补述

鸦片战争之后国门洞开,中西文化在不断碰撞中时时交流融汇,国人逐渐认识到陈列、展览、博物馆的实质内涵与功用所在,并有诸多实践.同时经过中外纵横考察与对比,学者开启了博物馆理论研究的先河,建构了博物馆学科及专业领域研究的理论框架,对博物馆的功能与作用、建设与管理、发展历史等作了见仁见智的研究.这其中除了张謇、蔡元培、陈端志...     

博物馆管理

高质量的管理和运作是博物馆满足参观者和使用者需求的必要条件.管理水平提高包括目标管理、员工管理、财务管理、公共关系和营销、建筑和设施等一系列的步骤和行动,这是博物馆管理必须特别考虑的问题.     

我国博物馆展示教育和开放服务现状、问题和对策思考

现代博物馆经营的核心是展示教育和开放服务.在免费开放后,如何提升我国博物馆的展示教育和开放服务水平,提高博物馆服务社会的质量,是我国博物馆经营面临的一个重大问题.我们要借鉴国外发达国家的博物馆发展、管理经验,制定相关考核指标,促进馆际交流与合作,推动博物馆展览延伸和拓展教育活动的开展并加强对文化产品的开发,以促进我国博...     

Theories of Governance: Comparative Perspectives on Seattle's Light Rail Project

Governance entails the formulation and implementation of public policies across organizational and sectoral boundaries through coalitions, contracts, and networks. Studies of governance tend to cluster loosely into two theoretic traditions: rational choice and sociological institutionalism. Where the former analyzes actors’ individual interests and information, the latter examines their joint relationships and norms. These different analytic foci can be difficult to reconcile, leaving scholars at a loss as to how to cumulate insights and knowledge across the theoretic traditions. To understand better how the two traditions conflict and support one another in the analysis of governance, this article distinguishes domains of governance and identifies the different theories that the traditions use to study each domain. A case study of a rail transit project compares the insights from these theories, and assesses the quality and the complementarities of the explanations they offer. An analysis of the case generates propositions about the comparative utility of different concepts and theoretic traditions for understanding key governance phenomena.     

博物馆观众研究是博物馆教育研究的基本点——对博物馆观众定义的新探讨

博物馆观众是博物馆教育研究的核心问题。研究的进步依托于理论的成熟,但是目前学界有关博物馆观众这个定义的理论研究还处于一个发展阶段。本文作者对以往有关博物馆观众的若干流行定义进行了质疑和辨析,同时对博物馆观众的定义进行了新的探讨,提出了自己对于博物馆观众的理解,即博物馆观众是博物馆环境的直接体验行为人的集合体。文章结束部分进一步对博物馆环境、博物馆体验以及人的集合体等信息点进行了必要的深化补充。     

Governance,public policy and boundary-making

This symposium draws attention to innovative and emerging research in Australian public policy exploring the interplay of governance, public policy and boundary-making. Conceptually and substantively, boundaries are fundamental to understanding policy outcomes, yet remain overlooked and undertheorised. We aim to contribute to public policy debates, in Australia and beyond, by provoking further reflection on this theme, in particular, the distributive effects of boundaries in policy-making; the blurring of boundaries implicit to governance frameworks; the crossing of boundaries, especially by policy-officials within and between institutions; the construction of boundaries to separate and marginalise; and the existence of temporal–spatial boundaries that demarcate jurisdiction and authority. In short, the study of governance and public policy-making is marked by multiple different types of boundaries but the way in which boundaries get drawn and redrawn is also suffuse with political contestation meaning they raise crucial questions about the exercise of power.     

元管治:规范化的自组织协调机制——元管治与我国城市规划公众参与组织形式的构建

自1980年代初以来,管治(Governance)思潮已经在西方社会汹涌澎湃,社会、经济、政治、文化等领域受到其巨大冲击。在城市规划的具体实践中,如何在众多利益共同发挥作用的领域中取得一致的认同,这有赖于对管治的认识与理解。作为管治重要理论之一的元管治(meta-governance)理论在西方社会有着深刻而广泛的影响。本文通过对规范化的自组织协调机制--元管治的探究,试图以元管治为理论基础建立我国城市规划的公众参与组织形式和保障机制,从而在规划决策中发挥持久作用。     

Network Governance and the 2020 Summit

The idea that governance has replaced government, and that networks have replaced hierarchy as the dominant mode of governance, have become mainstream views in the public policy literature. In this article, we consider a key initiative of the Rudd government in Australia, the 2020 Summit, which, at first sight, seems like an example of network governance in action. Having considered the operation and outcomes of the Summit, however, we argue that it more accurately illustrates how governments, perhaps particularly in Westminster systems, attempt to preserve hierarchy, through a process of metagovernance.     

公共危机治理主体的多元化及结构分析

政府失败理论、治理理论、利益相关者理论和协同理论为公共危机治理主体多元化提供了强有力的理论支撑。在多元主体结构中,政府是公共危机治理的主导力量,也是核心主体;民间组织是公共危机治理的重要力量,也是联系政府与公民的纽带;企业和公民是公共危机治理的基础;媒体是公共危机治理的重要媒介,也是政府与其他主体合作互助信息平台的主要搭建者。     

信息定位型展览:提升中国博物馆品质的契机

信息定位型展览以博物馆的综合素质为基础,涉及到博物馆的收藏政策,藏品研究的深度与系统性,展览组织的合理性,展览的传播技术及与展览相关的辅助教育等。只有各个环节都符合科学的要求,才有可能建造观众喜欢看、看得懂,能得到启迪与教益的展览。因此,应以信息定位展览的建设为契机,确立以"保存社会记忆"为核心价值观的收藏政策;加强藏品研究,为信息定位型展览提供学术支撑;建立合理的程序与标准,开展展览评估,打造具有良好传播能力的展览;拓展深化传播效果,开展丰富的公众教育活动,从而从根本上提高当代博物馆的品质。     

博物馆理论研究与博物馆发展方向——苏东海先生专访

21世纪以来,我国的博物馆事业进入新的发展高潮,博物馆理论与发展研究面临许多新的重大课题。博物馆学家苏东海先生认为:博物馆理论研究需要从博物馆发展实践着手,博物馆发展研究要重视发展战略和时代主题的研究;生态博物馆作为一种文化遗产保护理论与行动的新思维,呈现出与传统博物馆两极分化、对立统一的关系,其成功应建基于让文化的主人真正成为自己文化的主人;文化遗产的保护与发扬体现了当前国际博协的战略思想,是博物馆的时代主题;博物馆应充分认识并强化自身独特的知识、审美和道德特征及其价值,提升专业功能与社会职能,增强文化竞争力;博物馆理论工作者应直面博物馆领域的复杂形势,加强对国内外博物馆以及博物馆学基础理论的研究,探索适合中国博物馆发展的理论体系和发展道路,建设有中国特色的博物馆学。     

网上专业技术博物馆初探

网上博物馆的建设,是一个新的尝试。本文介绍了网上专业博物馆与现实专业博物馆的区别,“网上给水技术博物馆”栏目的设置及网站的建设和维护。     

The 2010 Cultural Olympiad: playing for the global or the local stage?

Increasingly, local cultural communities are called upon to support global mega‐events such as the Olympic games with the promise that this global occurrence is a ‘once in a lifetime opportunity’ for an urban artistic community. What evidence exists to support the premise that hosting a Cultural Olympiad provides a professional arts sector with positive and substantive legacies, sustained material and financial benefits, or increased national and international profile? Data collected on the Vancouver 2010 Cultural Olympiad suggest that the local arts sector did not enjoy any of the claimed global benefits. However, it is also clear that some arts organizations, by virtue of the artistic and operational decisions they took, were able to exert influence over and upon the outcome; this outcome ultimately depending on whether they elected to play for a global or a local stage.